1、 时态一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 1.一般现在时一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有含有be动词的句子动词的句子 He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautifu
2、l?Are Tim and Jack students?肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he is.No,he is not.Yes,she is.No,she is not.Yes,they are.No,they are not变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 第三人称单数及单数名词第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes b
3、ooks.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型动词变为原型 Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型动词变为原型He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.Yes,she d
4、oes.No,she doesntYes,it does.No,it doesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。任何变化。其他人称及复数名词其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Do
5、 we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.动词的第三人称单数形式动词的第三人称单数形式 规则1 e.g.likelikes,look-looks 规则2 e.g.dodoes,catch-catches,fix-fixes,guess-guesses,brush-brushes规则3e.g.c
6、arrycarries,fly-flies,play-plays2.现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：构成：主语主语be动词动词的现在分词其它成分动词动词的现在分词其它成分We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.动词现在分词动词现在分词 规则一 e.g.looklooking,readreading,playplaying 规则二 e.g.makemaking,taketak
7、ing,arrivearriving 规则三 e.g.runrunning,sitsitting,getgetting,swimswimming,stop-stopping 变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The
8、 dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背必背)没有进行时的动词没有进行时的动词 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作进行的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词表示感觉，感官的词see,hear,l
9、ike,love,want,2.have,has当当”拥有拥有”讲时没有进行时讲时没有进行时3.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如语连用，如yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago,含有含有be动词的句子，动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，将动词变为过去式，am,is的过的过去式为去式为was，are的过去式为的过去式为were I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The
10、teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移动到句首动词移动到句首 Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加not I was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years a
11、go.肯定回答否定回答肯定回答否定回答 Yes,I was.No,I was not.Yes,you were.No,you were not.Yes,he/she was.No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背必背)不含有不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year
12、ago.动词过去式动词过去式 规则动词变化 规则一 e.g.looklooked,watchwatched,play-played 规则二 e.g.makemaked,arrive-arrived 规则三 crycried,carry-carried 规则四 stopstopped,过去式的读音过去式的读音 在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/在浊辅音和元音后读/d/在/t/，/d/后读/id/e.g.walked,jumped e.g.washed,watched e.g.waited,hated 变疑问句在句首加变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型动词变为原型Did you finish your
13、 homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.肯定
14、回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they did not.4.现在完成时现在完成时 构成：主语构成：主语+助动词助动词have,has+过去分词过去分词用法：用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch.(饱了，不用再吃了饱了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝
15、）（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假（不能再度假了）了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书的（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）内容了，不用再看了）2)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.句型变化：句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在
16、助动词后面加not.e.g.Have you lost your pen?I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用此不能和表示一段时间
17、状语连用错：错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：对：I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from being for 3 days.5.一般将来时一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作，表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和经常和tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,the year after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示将来的词联用表示将来的词联用结构：结构：主语主语+助动词助动词will+动词原形动词原形I will go to Amer
18、ica tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否定句在助动词后面加变否定句在助动词后面加n
19、otI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I will.No,I will not.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she will not.Yes,he will.No,he will not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What will you do?6.过去完成时：过去完成时：用法：在
20、过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：结构：had+过去分词过去分词After she had finished her homework,she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。后面
21、加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?变否定句在助动词后面加变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,she had.No,she hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What had she done?7.过去进行时过去进行时 表示过去正在进行的动作表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在经常用在when,while,as引引导的状语从句中。导的状语从句中。结构：结构：was/were+doingWhen
22、my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner,my father was watching TV.8 过去将来时过去将来时 结构：结构：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.句型1.Be going to 结构结构 表示打算，准备，计划做某事表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语结构：主语+be动词动词+going to+动词原型动词原型I a
23、m going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加not I am not going to make
24、 a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I am.No,I am not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.Yes,he is.No,he is not.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?2.There be 句型句型 表
25、示哪里有什么东西表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物某处有某物)There is单数名词表示场所的单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）词（一般为介词词组）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are复数名词表示场所复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）的词（一般为介词词组）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are the
26、re two pens on the table?变否定句在动词后面加变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,there is.No,there is not.Yes,there are.No,there are not.3 问句：问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句选择疑问句，否定疑问句 一般疑问句一般疑问句:助动词助动词/be动词动词+主
27、语主语Are you a teacher?Do you want to have a cup of tea?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句What is your name?选择疑问句选择疑问句:orDo you want beef or lamb?反意疑问句反意疑问句:肯定陈述句肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定疑问部分，否定陈述部否定陈述部分分+肯定疑问部分肯定疑问部分You dont need that pen,do you?否定疑问句否定疑问句:一般疑问句一般疑问句+否定词否定词Arent you lucky?Dont you want have a re
28、st?4、感叹句、感叹句 1.What+a/an+adj+n What+adj+n What+n (What a mess!/What a pity!)2.How+adj+主主+谓谓 如：The dog is cute.What a cute dog!How cute the dog is!5.祈使句：祈使句：祈使句（第二人称）祈使句（第二人称）祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调肯定句肯定句 动词原型动词原型例，例，Com
29、e here,please.Go downstairs,please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾尾Come in,Amy.Sit down here,Tom.Mary,give me a book please.否定：否定：Dont+动词原型动词原型Dont come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb.do Let me pass.Let us have a re
30、st.Lets have a rest.(反意疑问反意疑问)：Lets have a walk along the river,shall we?Let us go out for a drink,will you?6 倒装句：倒装句：so/neither的倒装的倒装eg.He can swim.So can I.I didnt go to class.Neither did I.结构：结构：so/neither+be+主语主语so/neither+助动词助动词+主语主语so/neither+情态动词情态动词+主语主语一般现在时一般现在时,do,does/am,is,are现在进行时现在进行时
31、,am,is,are一般过去时一般过去时,did现在完成时现在完成时,have,has一般将来时一般将来时,will,shall,过去进行时，过去进行时，was,were过去完成时，过去完成时，had过去将来时过去将来时,would 词类代词及代词及be动词动词 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 主格 I we you you she/he/it 宾格 me us you you her/him/it 形容词性物主代词my our your your her/his/its 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours hers/
32、his/its be动词现在时 Am are are are is be动词过去时 was were were were was 规则一规则一 一般加一般加-er e.g.highhigher 规则二 以e结尾加-r nicenicer 规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busybusier,规则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fatfatter,形容词和副词的比较级 和 最高级 规则一规则一 一般加一般加-est e.g.highhighest 规则二 以结尾加-st nicenicest 规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busybusiest 规
33、则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-est fatfattest 一一.限定词：限定词：some,any,many,much some,any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some“许多许多”many修饰可数名词，修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用很多一般不用many,much,而用而用a lot of,在否定句中表示很在否定句中表示很多用多用many,much.
34、I have a lot of money.I dont have much money.二二 名词：种类，复数，名词所有格名词：种类，复数，名词所有格 1名词分为可数名词和不可数名词名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词 无法分开的东西：无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice（米）（米）抽象的东西：抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness（寒冷）（寒冷）不可数名词有以下特点：不可数名词有以下特点：不能用不能用a,an修饰修饰不能加不能加s和单数和单数be动词或动词搭配动词或动词搭配可数名词：可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要
35、在名词后单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：名词复数共有以下几种变化：规则规则1一般情况一般情况+se.g.shellshells bookbooks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxes churchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s,radioradios规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.l
36、ifelives halfhalves,shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese.g.skyskies flyflies不规则变化的不规则变化的名词复数形式名词复数形式单数manwomanfootgoose复数menwomenfeetgeese 单数childsheep deer mouse复数children sheepdeermice三副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化三副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：如：The book is very g
37、ood.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.变化：变化：1 直接在形容词后加直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,2 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把结尾的形容词，把y变变I,加加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily3 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late4 有些词加上有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：后意思与原词相差很远：ne
38、ary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,四四 情态动词的使用：情态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1情态动词情态动词can（能够）（能够）,must（必须）（必须）,may（可以）（可以）结构：主语结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak
39、 English?变否定句在情态动词后面加变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he can.No,he cannot.Yes,she can.No,she cannot.Yes,we can.No,we cannot.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What can you do?(必背必背)注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加不要在情态动词或
40、动词后面加S。2Must/have to的区别的区别 must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态可以用在任何时态3must,may,might表示猜测：表示猜测：must do 表示对现在事实的猜测表示对现在事实的猜测must have done表示对过去事实的猜测表示对过去事实的猜测must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的表示对过去正在
41、进行的事实的猜测猜测may/might do,may/might have done表示没有任何表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能表示不可能4need 用法：用法：表示表示“需要需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式式：I need a pen.Do you need any beer?No,I dont.I need to have a rest.Need在否定时做情态动词使用在否定时做情态动词使用You neednt go so early.=You d
42、ont need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now?No,you neednt.从句一一.直接引语直接引语/间接引语间接引语 如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词时态变化：时态变化：一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时be going to
43、was/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might时间地点及指示词的变化：时间地点及指示词的变化：herethere,tomorrowthe next day,the following day,thisthat人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新 二、宾语从句二、宾语从句 在句中作宾语，一般用that引导，但在口语中经常省略掉that。可用在say，think，believe，hope，know，understand，suppose等动词之后；也可用在某些描写感情的形容词之后，如afraid，sure，sorry，g
44、lad等之后。连词（引导词）连词（引导词）1.陈述句陈述句 that三、定语从句三、定语从句修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词 +句子句子关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示人人的名词或代的名词或代词，关系代词应用词，关系代词应用who,that (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)who/whom/that 作宾语：作宾语：(可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer.He described the
45、man just now.The man(who/whom/that)he described just now is a famous writer.(作宾语）作宾语）1.The boy who(m)I m looking for is my friend.2.The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the thief last night.The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导
46、的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)which/that 作宾语作宾语：（可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which/that Ive just received.Practise:1.This is the mistake which/that I always make.2.I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.3.I
47、 lost the pen which my father bought me.()（作宾语）（作宾语）特殊情况特殊情况关系词只能用that的情况序数词修饰先行词序数词修饰先行词最高级修饰先行词最高级修饰先行词That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.不定代词做先行词不定代词做先行词当先行词是当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one 或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。Thats all t
48、hat I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.先行词被强调先行词被强调当先行词有当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修饰等修饰时。时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.He is looking at the children and the bags that his daughter brou
49、ght here.先行词既是人又是物先行词既是人又是物 Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.关系词只能用which的情况 1有逗号，用which 2.介词后用which/whomIt will be sunny tomorrow.We will have a trip tomorrow.We will have a trip if it is sunny tomorrow.IfIf在此引导一个条件状语从句。当在此引导一个条件状语从句。当主句是一般将来时主句是一般将来时，ifif引导的从句引导的从句必须用必须用现在时现在时来表示来表示将来将来可能发生可能发生的动作或存在的状态。的动作或存在的状态。If从句一般现在时，主句用may/might/can If you feel better,you can get up.If he sells that car,he can buy a new one.If it stops raining,we can/may/might go out.
