1、Vocabulary Describing and analyzing tablesWords of trend 趋势类词 上升类下降类持平类上升/增加 vs.下降/减少vrise/climb/increase/ascend/mount adv.slightly-dramatically-sharply-significantly vfall/drop/decrease/descend/declineadv.slightly-dramatically-sharply-significantly Eg:The number of under-18s rises dramatically betw
2、een 1998-2000.Replacement:increases sharply/goes up significantly Eg:The number of under-18s falls dramatically between 1998-2000.Replacement:decreases sharply/drops significantly/reduces sharply/declines sharply 名词型句式vThere was a slight increase/dramatic rise in the number of married people between
3、 1998 and 2000.vThere was a slight decline/sharp drop/slight reduction/significant decrease in the number of married people between 1998 and 2000.2000至2014年失业人口的数量急速上升。The number of unemployed people increased/rose dramatically between 2000 and 2014.Translation There was a sharp/dramatic rise/increa
4、se in the number of unemployed people between 2000 and 2014.2011至2014年结婚人口的数量缓慢下滑/降低。Eg:There was a slightdecline/decrease/reduction in the number of married people between 2011 and 2014.The number of married people reduced/fell/dropped slightly between 2011 and 2014.REASON&RESULT Brainstorming of W
5、ords词汇联想vDue to/Thanks to/Owing tovSo as to/In order to/With the aim ofvAs a result/as a consequencevOn account of v ensue 引发 vi.vAffect/influencevContribute to促成，有助于vAttribute to-sth.is attributed tovHas/have/exert施加 an impact/influence/effect on vIn order that为了vOn the grounds that基于，由于Sentence Co
6、nstruction造句vEg:Due to his laziness,he failed the exam.vHis failure in the exam was due to his laziness.vThanks to his cleverness,we finally achieved our dream.vOwing to my family,I succeed.vEg:If the European did not reduce subsidies,a trade war would ensue.如果欧洲部减少补贴，贸易战争随即爆发。vThe bad weather great
7、ly affected the farmers harvest.v.had a great effect/influence on the farmers harvest.vEg:In order to/So as to/To win the game,we practiced all day.vThe boss refused to lend me money on account of my bad behavior in the company.+Eg:Our partnership will contribute to global efforts to combat climate
8、change and achieve energy security.The drivers carelessness led to/resulted in the traffic accident.The traffic accident resulted from his carelessness.v They attributed the budget shortfalls to the scheme.归因于The budget shortfalls were attributed to the scheme.Give rise to导致，引起惹起Eg:Less rules and ob
9、ligations in the company may give rise to laziness in the staff.Educationv1.What are the benefits of education/learning?v2.Do you think it is true that you are never too old to learn?Why?Advantagesv学习技能v获得知识v丰富大脑v开阔视野v激发兴趣v培养兴趣v发挥潜力Learn skillsAcquire knowledgeEnrich mindWiden horizon Inspire/stimul
10、ate interestCultivate interestDevelop potentialAdvantages 培养道德和美德 培养守法公民 培养沟通技能 激发学习兴趣和动力 找到得体和高薪的工作 树立积极的世界观 cultivate morality and virtue nurture law-abiding citizens develop communicative skills stimulate learning interests and motivation obtain decent and well-paid jobs shape a positive world vi
11、ew 分辨是非黑白 培养学生全面发展为将来打下坚实的基础tell/distinguish right from wrong cultivate the overall development of ss.Lay a solid foundation for the future Disadvantages of education v打击批判性思维v学生们不去质问他们学习的东西v有助学习表现v负面的影响v对产生负面影响v以牺牲创造力为代价v降低了的水平Discourage critical thinkingSs stop questioning what they are being taug
12、htConduce to academic performanceAdversely influence Exert adverse/unfavorable influence onCome at the expense/cost of creativityLower the standard of.Problems in education/learningv缺乏约束力v缺乏毅力v应试型教育v素质教育v突击考试v死记硬背v背v应试技巧Lack discipline/persistenceTest-oriented educationQuality education Cram for exa
13、minationRote learningmemorizeTest-taking techniques背景词curriculum/coursesubject discipline -school discipline/rulesNurserykindergardenattend primary/elementary schoolattend secondary schoolsenior middle school/high school 高等教育进修学位本科 研究生 招收录取higher education degree/Bachelors Degree/Masters Degree/Doct
14、ors Degree/PhDgraduate studypostgraduate studyFurther education enroll school enrollmentbe admitted into admission 1.家长给孩子的教育 parenting n.Positive/bilingual 2.学校对学生的教育 schooling n.length of schooling 3.培养 cultivate/bring up/nurture n.cultivation/upbringing 4.激发 inspire/stimulate/motivate n.inspirati
15、on/stimulation/motivation5.意识 awareness=sense=recognition n.Sense of humor/responsibility 6.有创造力的 creative/original adj.Creativity/creation7.身体的 physical adj.Mental8.心理的 psychological adj.Psychologist9.同龄人 peer n.10.动力 motivation n.(形容词 motivated 有动力的)11.适应 adapt to12.纪律 discipline n.13.记忆 memorize
16、vt.Memory14.获得 acquire vt.+knowledge/skills15.有趣的 stimulating/interesting 16.使具有资格 qualify be qualified to do17.天赋 talent n./adj.be talented 18.团队精神 team spirit19.合作 cooperation-cooperative collaboration teamwork 20.竞争 competition compete with sb.Competitive21.榜样 role models22.全面的 overall/all-round/
17、universal 基本词汇搭配Collocation1.促进学生身心发展 promote the students physical and mental development2.心理健康 psychological wellbeing/a healthy mind3.学习能力 learning ability4.给学生动力 give the students motivation to do sth.5.传授知识 instruct/impart knowledge to/equip ss.with knowledge6.获取知识 acquire/gain/attain/obtain/ge
18、t access to knowledge -knowledge acquisition7.掌握知识技能 grasp/master skills-masteryShape ones life 8.就业技能 employment skills9.死记硬背 learn sth.by rote10.传输高尚道德观 instill high moral values11.限制创造力发展 extinguish/restrict ones creativity Media大众传媒 mass media 新闻业 journalism 新闻审查 news censorship/scrutiny新闻报道 new
19、s coverage社交媒体 social network websites记者 news reporter/journalist 娱乐 entertainment 时事新闻 current affairs公共事件 public affairs丑闻 scandal 绯闻 affair曝光 exposure 收视率 viewing rate 小报 tabloids大报 broadsheets商业广告 commercial 公益广告 public service advertising 登广告者 advertiser 市场营销手段 marketing tool促销 promotion目标受众 ta
20、rget audience购买决定 purchase decision建立品牌形象 shape/build brand image 发行量 circulation number揭露 reveal,disclose,expose掩盖 cover,disguise无处不在的 prevalent客观的 objective 主观的 subjective 名人 celebrity新闻界 the press有误导性的 misleading Work v工作保障工作保障 job security-a secure/steady job 稳定的工作稳定的工作v晋升晋升 promotionv加薪加薪 incre
21、mentv工作环境工作环境 working conditionsv工资工资 wage,salary v incentives激励激励 v额外津贴额外津贴 perksv养老金，退休金养老金，退休金 pension-after you retire退休退休/retirement v佣金佣金 commissionv 疾病补贴疾病补贴 sickness benefit v Welfare 福利福利 v蓝领蓝领 blue-collarv白领白领 white-collarv制造工业制造工业 manufacturing industryv服务业服务业 service industryv全职工作全职工作 fu
22、ll-time jobv兼职工作兼职工作 part-time job v员工员工 employeev雇主雇主 employerv工作狂工作狂 workaholicv 简历简历 resume Money and Finance v Extravagant adj.奢侈的奢侈的,浪费的浪费的,挥霍无度的挥霍无度的 Dont be so extravagant;spend your money more carefully.Frugal/economical adj.节俭的节俭的 经济实惠的经济实惠的 be frugal of with money 节省金钱节省金钱 eg:The coat is a
23、 real bargain.It is very economical.vexorbitant vadj.过度的,过分的,过高的 voverpriced vadj.定价过高的 The fur coat is overpriced.vEconomize v.经济 节俭 节省 我们必须节约一点了，最近生活开支(expense/expenditure)太高了。Expense/expenditure n.开支,消费额,费用 vDeposit n.存款存款,堆积物堆积物,定金定金v.存放存放;堆积堆积;沉淀沉淀 To deposit money-to withdraw 撤回撤回 收回收回 money a
24、 deposit account vdebit vn.借方;借vv.记入借方 eg:Debit his account with$700.=Debit$700 against him.将七百美元记入他的借方帐中。credit n.赊帐,赊欠;银行存款;信誉;信用,信赖v.归功于,信任,赞颂 vdiscount vn.折扣,贴现率vv.打折扣;打折扣出售商品;贴现 vI bought the bag by discount.vrefund vn.退还;退款;偿还;偿还金额vv.退还,归还;偿还 Can you refund the cost of postage in a case like t
25、his?vinherit -get money/property from the former generation vv.继承;经遗传而获得;接受遗产他从祖父那里继承了一大笔财产。vrebate vn.折扣;贴现vv.退还;对.贴现;对.给回扣 eg:You are allowed a rebate of$10.你可以获得十元的退款。Food and DietvTask1 食物中的重要成分营养素包括：水、蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素、脂肪，纤维等。nutritionnjutrn 营养malnutrition 营养不良 nutritionist:营养学家 1.water：水 2.pro
26、tein：蛋白质 such as:egg,meat,legumelegju:m(豆科植物),Poultrypltri家禽,Aquatickwtk水生动植物,internal organs.eg:Eggs are a rich source of protein.3.carbohydratek:bhadret 碳水化合物(化学物质a chemical substance)hydratehadret水合物 Bread and rice are good sources of carbohydrate.Carbohydrate contains carbon(碳),hydrogen(氢)and ox
27、gen(氧).such as:watermelon,banana,grape,nut,wheat,ipomoea,ipmi:番薯,oat燕麦,rice 4.mineral mnrl 矿物质 it can be found in food and can be dug out of the earth.such as:spinachspnt菠菜,lean瘦肉 5.vitamin vtmn 维生素 substance which is not synthesized by the body but is found in food.Synthesize:v.综合;合成 The two elemen
28、ts are synthesized by a chemical process.这两种元素已经化学合成。vVitamin deficiency:维生素缺乏病v deficient:adj.不足的,缺乏的v Because of the deficient regulations,we lose the chance.v6.fat 脂肪v A white substance from plants or animals.v It can be used for cooking.v We can fry the meat and drain off(排干)the fat.v such as:nu
29、t,sesamesesmi芝麻 v7.fibre 纤维v can not be digested and passed out of the body(物理排出),if a diet does not contain it,it can cause intestinal problem.vDigest:v.消化(食物)digestion v Babies are too small to digest meat.v领悟,融会贯通v I have digested most of the important points in the book.v Intestinal intestainl:肠
30、的v膳食纤维食物:legumelegju:m豆科,carrot,celery芹菜,oat,barley大麦 wheat vHave TOO much foodv1.calorie:units of measurement of energy in Food.卡路里Measurement:n.测量,测定Measure:v.测量;计量We measured the distance.veg:A glass of wine does have quite a lot of calories.You should count calories if you want to lose weight.v高
31、卡路里食物摄入过多:overweight,(must go on a diet).obesev低卡路里食物:apple,tomato,banana,egg,oats,fish.v2.Cholesterol:klestrla fatty substance found in fats and oils.if you eat too much,it can be deposited on the walls of arteries,causing them become blocked.胆固醇v Deposit:使沉淀;使沉积vThe river deposited silt at its mou
32、th.vN.保证金;押金;定金 vartery:动脉:tri vein 静脉v Block:v.阻塞,堵住,封锁vA piece of rock had fallen and blocked up the path.v 高量胆固醇的食物:lard猪油,internal organs,egg-yolk ejuk.v3.overweight:adj 超重的v A majority of high school students in America are obese or overweight.v If you are overweight,it means that you must go o
33、n a diet.节食 voverweigh:使.负担过重v Dont overweigh yourself!v To my mind,the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks.v weigh:v 有.重量The elephant weighs 5 tons.vHave less foodv malnutrition:mlnrt the result of not having enough food to eat or having too much wrong food.v Malnourished:adj.营养不良的v mal:-不良 不当 坏
34、 v Nourish:v.养育;滋养vWe need good food to nourish the starving infants.v 怀抱(希望,仇恨等)vShe had nourished the dream of becoming a movie star.vTask 2v no serious natural disaster,such as drought,floodv-a good annual harvest/yield 产量v if not:v-a bad harvest v-a terrible scacityof food n.缺乏,不足;匮乏v-death from
35、 starvation n 饥饿v st:venv Over three hundred people have died of starvation since the beginning of the year.vFood 多少？v1.fast food:hamburgers,pizzas,fried chicken.v unhealthy v lack essential minerals and vitamins.v contain large amounts of fat and carbohydrates-can result in obesity.v2.battery chick
36、en:life is confined in the cage.v Confine:v.限制;使局限v Well confine our discussion to the main issue.v V.禁闭;幽禁;使卧床vHe was confined to/inbed by illness.vbattery farm 养鸡场v battery(层架式的)farming 层架式鸡笼饲养 v3.genetically modified food:alter the composition of the cells.(safe or not?we dont know)v Alter:v.改变Ha
37、s she altered her mind?V.修改The tailor altered the jacket to fit me.Composition:n.组成，构成 a chemical composition n.成分,作品，作文 We examined the rock to find out its composition.v4.organic food:they are cultivated naturally,without using any fertilizers and pesticides.Organic:adj.有机的 organic chemistry 有机化学v
38、 Cultivate:耕种,耕作Only one third of the land can be cultivated.培养;陶冶 She cultivated her mind by reading.v5.free-range meat:animals are given enough space to express their natural behavior.Free-range:自由放养的 Range:n.放牧地,牧场,范围 a range of colours.V.排列,将.排成行The cards were ranged in order.range fromto.从.变化到.
39、vNo matter what kind of food we have,we should eat a balanced diet.v consume sufficient quantities of the different food.vBalance:v.使平衡;保持.的平衡vIn order to balance their trade,they would have to buy lessgoods in the United States.v n.平衡,均衡I lost my balance and fell.vConsume:v.吃完,喝光,消耗,花费;耗尽vThe kids
40、soon consumed all the food on the table.vShe consumed most of her time in reading.v Consumption n 花费，消费 vor we will be malnourished.vor more serious/make matters worse 1.food poisoning:食物中毒-hospitalv Poison:n.毒;毒药;毒物Gas is a poison.v 有害之物;(对社会的)毒害;弊害Some people say that selfishness is a poison in ou
41、r society.v V.毒害;败坏;玷污;破坏Jealousy poisoned their friendship.vSalmonella,slmnel沙门氏菌v listeria:listri李氏杆菌 v2.allergic:physically reactably.v Allergic:adj.过敏的v be allergic to sth.v allergy n.过敏症v physically adv.身体地After his vacation,he was in fine condition both physically and mentally.Physical adj.身体的
42、Playing basketball is one form of physical exercise.HealthcarevProblems:v 1.sedentary life:they do no get enough exercise.v Sedentary:sedntriadj.坐着的,需要(或惯于)久坐的vIm bored with sedentary work.v2.stress-related illness:the pressures of job can cause strain.v stress-related:劳累过度v stress:n.压力;紧张;压迫vSusan
43、was completely weighed down by the stress of examinations.v Pressure:n.压力;压迫;紧迫;催促vHe works well under pressure.v V.对.施加压力;迫使(+into)v Some young people are pressured into staying on at school.v Strain:失常;扭伤vThe athlete is suffering from muscular strain.v 3.infections:they can be spread from one man
44、to another.v Infections:感染v infect:v.传染;侵染;感染/使受影响;vThe captains courage infected his men.vThe flu virus infected almost the entire class.vSpread:撒;散布,传播;普及vShe was told not to spread this secret around.v 2.使伸展,使延伸v I spread my arms as far apart as I could.v 3.摆好(桌);上(菜)The table was spread.v 4.viru
45、s is incurable(AIDS):drugs can slow down its cell-destroying properties.Virus:病毒 v Incurable:无法治愈的;不可救药的;无法矫正的Some diseases are still incurable v curable:可医治的 this disease is curablev Cure:治愈(+of)Penicillin cured him of pneumonia.v Slow down:减速v同义词:decelerate,slow,slow downv Cell:细胞v properties.n.特性
46、,性能,属性CvHe is studying the medicinal propertiesof wild plants.v财产,资产;所有物U v 5.cancer:cells start growing abnormally.Cancer:癌症v Abnormal:bn:ml不正常的,反常的;不规则的It is abnormal for a man to walk in his sleep.v变态的;畸形的vIt is important to make a study of abnormalpsychology.v6.premature babies are vulnerable to
47、 illness:immune system is not properly developed.v Premature:比预期早的,过早的/;早产儿的This disease produces premature aging of the brain.Vulnerable:易受伤的v Be vulnerable to The potato is vulnerable to several pests.immune system:(身体内的)免疫系统 v7.rheumatism:pains or stiffness in the joints or muscles.rheumatism:风湿病
48、rumtz()m Joints:关节 muscle:肌;肌肉He developed the muscles in the legs by running.v stiffness:n.僵硬;生硬,不自然;顽固UvThe stiffness and self-consciousness soon disappeared.v Stiff:adj.僵直的,僵硬的(+with)vI felt stiff after a long walk.v Stiffen.V.使顽强,使坚定;使强硬v You will only stiffen his resolve.v8.arthritis:inflammati
49、on of a joint may require vsurgery.rats Inflammation:炎症;发炎Many babies develop a mild inflammation in the eyes a few days after birth.v Require:v.需要The roof requires repairing.要求,命令 He required that we should work all night.surgery:外科手术surgeon:外科医生 v9.cardiovascular disease:affect the circulation of
50、blood.Cardiovascular:心血管疾病,kdvskjlv affect:影响;对.发生作用The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.v(病)感染，侵袭Her kidneys had become affected.v Affection:n.影响,感染v n.爱,情爱,钟爱(+for/towards)She has a great affection for her hometown.vcirculation:n.循环,环流;运行v We observed the circulation of blood in frogs.v
