1、8/6/2022 His life Daoism as Philosophy of laozi Dao De Jing Philosophical and Religous Daoism8/6/2022Lu Xun said:Lu Xun said:China roots deep in Taoism.If one wants to comprehend Chinese history and culture,one China roots deep in Taoism.If one wants to comprehend Chinese history and culture,one mus
2、t comprehend Taoism first.must comprehend Taoism first.8/6/20228/6/2022Li Er(李耳)Bo Yang(伯阳)Li Dan(李聃)Elder Dan(老聃)Senior Lord(老君)Senior Lord Li(李老君)Senior Lord Taishang(太上老君)Taoist Lord Lao Zi(老子道君)Supreme Mysterious and Primordial Emperor(太上玄元皇帝)Names8/6/2022Life of LaoziHome:Quren Village,LI Towns
3、hip（厉乡曲仁里）,Ku County in the state of Chu,in present day Luyi（鹿里）,Henan ProvinceCareer:librarian(图书管理员),archivist(案卷保管员）,grand scribe（太史）old age：resigned from official post and lived in seclusion(隐居）8/6/20228/6/2022contends for nothing.Confucius,having a sour look on his face.Career:librarian(图书管理员),
4、For though all creatures under heaven are the products of being,being is itself is the product of Non-being 反者道之动；Taoist Lord Lao Zi(老子道君)the way of the ancientsThe Generating CycleLu Xun said:any desires to control the world.(自然主义)and non-action（无为）.所不能，行为要像水那样待机而动。The features of“Tao”:不喜欢的地方，所以接近于
5、道。Conclusion:The Nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth;Dialectical Thought(辩证法思想)8/6/2022Story:孔子适周，将问礼于老子。Once,Confucius went to Zhou and consulted with Laozi on ritual matters.8/6/2022 老子曰：“良贾深藏若虚，君子盛德、容貌若愚。去子之骄气与多欲，态色与淫志，是皆无益于子之身。”Laozis response was a critique of Confuciuss teachings.Laozi
6、tells Confucius to give up his stiff deportment and prideful airs.孔子去，谓弟子曰：“鸟，吾知其能飞；鱼，吾知其能游；兽，吾知其能走。走者可以为罔，游者可以为纶，飞者可以为矰。至于龙吾不能知，其乘风云而上天。吾今日见老子，其犹龙邪！”Confucius is reported to have praised Laozis wisdom and to have compared him to a dragon whose abilities were beyond his understanding.8/6/2022Conclus
7、ion:1.He was an archivist or librarian at the royal court ofZhou;2.He was visited by Confucius and talked about rites;3.He preached the retirement from the world;4.He left the court,wrote the Daodejing,and disappeared without a trace.8/6/2022Work：Dao De Jing道德经Achievement：esteemed as a philosopher b
8、y Confucianists;a saint(圣人)or god by the common people of China;a divinity(神)and the representative of the Daoidea:Dialectical Thought(辩证法思想)Noninterference(无为而治)The dual cultivation(性命双修)8/6/2022Daoism:Philosophy of Laozi Dao De Jing has been studied by literary critics for centuries,and have influ
9、enced every aspect in our life8/6/2022 Tao/Daothe image of a hairy,human head a foot walking the way of the ancients 8/6/2022Tao is undefinable,unlimited,and unnamable.道道可可道道，非常，非常道道;名可名，非常名。名可名，非常名。无名，天地之始无名，天地之始;有名，万物之母。有名，万物之母。道德经道德经第一章第一章The Tao that can be told of is not the eternal Tao;The nam
10、e that can be named is not the eternal name.The Nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth;The Named is the mother of all things.The features of“Tao”:8/6/2022 Tao gave birth to the Tao gave birth to the OOne;ne;the the OOne gave birth ne gave birth successively to twosuccessively to two things,three
11、 things,up to things,three things,up to then thousandthen thousand.道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物8/6/2022Dialectical Thought(辩证法思想)For truly,being and notbeing grow out of one another;Difficult and easy complete one another.Long and low determine one another.Pitch and mode give harmony to one another.Front and ba
12、ck give sequence to one another有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也8/6/2022 In Tao the only motion is In Tao the only motion is returning;The only useful returning;The only useful quality,weakness.For quality,weakness.For though all creatures under though all creatures un
13、der heaven are the products of heaven are the products of being,being is itself is the being,being is itself is the product of Non-beingproduct of Non-being 反者道之动；弱者道之用。天下万物生于有，有生于无。8/6/2022Many of Laozis enlightening views are based on his philosophy of naturalness(自然主义)and non-action（无为）.8/6/2022N
14、aturalness自然主义；顺其自然自然主义；顺其自然 It refers to a natural state of being,anattitude of following the way of nature.Laozi emphasized that everything in the world has its own way of being and developing:birds fly in the sky,fish swim in the water,flowers bloom and flowers fall.He admonished people to give u
15、p on any desires to control the world.8/6/2022渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事道德经第一章Supreme Mysterious and Primordial Emperor Water nourishes everything but道德经第一章The Tao that can be told of is not the eternal Tao;Metal carries Water;不喜欢的地方，所以接近于道。remain weak.old age：resigned from official post and lived in seclusion
16、(隐居）老子曰：“良贾深藏若虚，君子盛德、容貌若愚。8/6/2022 Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing.水善利万物而不争。Water nourishes everything butcontends for nothing.水善利万物而不争。老子的道德经第八章：“上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。”8/6/2022 The greatest virtue is like water.“上善若水”意为最高境界的善行就像 水的品性一样，泽
17、被万物而不争名利。上善：至善，最完美；水：这里喻指与世无争的圣人。达到尽善尽美的境界，就和圣人差不多。水有滋养万物的德行，它使万物得到它的利益，而不与万物发生矛盾、冲突，故天下最大的善性莫如水。8/6/2022 最高的善像水那样。水善于帮助万物而不与万物相争。它停留在众人所不喜欢的地方，所以接近于道。上善的人居住要像水那样安于卑下，存心要像水那样深沉，交友要像水那样相亲，言语要像水那样真诚，为政要像水那样有条有理，办事要像水那样无所不能，行为要像水那样待机而动。正因为他像水那样与万物无争，所以 才没有烦恼。8/6/2022Nothing in the world is weaker than
18、water when it comes to breakingsomething strong.天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜。Water is a typical example of the weak winning over the strong.Water is invinciblebecause it desires nothing and contends fornothing.8/6/2022 Aware of the strong,one should remain weak.One should start withones own weak points,accumul
19、atingstrength by keeping low,just as water does.Giving up the desire to flaunt ones superiority is the basic way toprosperity.Remaining weak is not only the way to prosperity,but also the way to preserving life.8/6/2022Definition:Wuxing is a system of five phases used for describing interactions and
20、 relationships between phenomena.Wuxing“五行五行”8/6/2022The relationship between the five elements:Wood feeds Fire;Fire creates Earth;Earth bears Metal;Metal carries Water;Water nourishes Wood.The Generating Cycle 8/6/2022The relationship between the five elements:Wood parts Earth;Earth absorbs Water;W
21、ater quenches Fire;Fire melts Metal;Metal chops Wood.The Overcoming Cycle 8/6/2022Definition:The Bagua(八卦)are eight trigrams used to represent a range of interrelated concepts.Each consists of three lines,each either broken or unbroken,representing a yin line or a yang line,respectively.Due to their
22、 tripartite structure,they are often referred to as trigrams in English.Bagua“八卦八卦”乾乾 Qin兌兌 Du離離 L震震 Zhn巽巽 Xn坎坎 Kn艮艮 Gn坤坤 Kn8/6/2022Sources of BaguaFuxi bagua(伏羲八卦)orEarlier Heaven(先天八卦）The Limitless(Wuji)produces the delimited,and this is the Absolute(Taiji).The Taiji produces two forms,named yin a
23、nd yang.The two forms produce four phenomena,named lesser yin,great yin(taiyin also means the Moon),lesser yang,great yang(taiyang also means the Sun).The four phenomena act on the eight trigrams(ba gua),eight eights are sixty-four hexagrams.无极生有极、有极是太极、太极生两仪、即阴阳;两仪生四象:即少阴、太阴、少阳、太阳四象演八卦、八八六十四卦8/6/20
24、22Derivation of the Earlier Heaven eight trigrams8/6/2022卦名卦名Name自然自然Nature方位方位Direction乾Qian天 Heaven南 South巽Xun风 Wind西南 Southwest坎Kan水 Water西 West艮Gen山 Mountain西北 Northwest坤Kun地 Earth北 North震Zhen雷 Thunder东北 Northeast离Li火 Fire东 East兑Dui泽 Lake东南 SoutheastFuxi Earlier Heaven bagua arrangement8/6/2022U
25、se of“Ying-yang,Wu Xing and Bagua”“算命”(fortune-telling)“求签”(drawing lots of divination usu.in temples)“画符”(drawing magic figures)“念咒”(chanting incantations)“看风水”(practicing geomancy for selecting a site for a tomb,house,etc.)“择吉日”(select an auspicious day for marriage,funeral,shop-opening,etc.)8/6/2
26、022三酸图三酸图/尝醋图尝醋图/尝醋翁尝醋翁The Vinegar Tasters 8/6/2022What are they doing?Three men are standing around a vat of vinegar and taste it.Who are the vinegar tasters?Confucius,having a sour look on his face.Buddha,wearing a bitter expression.Lao Zi,smiling.8/6/2022Story:孔子适周，将问礼于老子。Once,Confucius went to Z
27、hou and consulted with Laozi on ritual matters.8/6/2022 In Tao the only motion is In Tao the only motion is returning;The only useful returning;The only useful quality,weakness.For quality,weakness.For though all creatures under though all creatures under heaven are the products of heaven are the pr
28、oducts of being,being is itself is the being,being is itself is the product of Non-beingproduct of Non-being 反者道之动；弱者道之用。天下万物生于有，有生于无。8/6/2022 Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing.水善利万物而不争。Water nourishes everything butcontends for nothing.水善利万物而不争。老子的道德经第八章：“上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道
29、。居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。”8/6/2022 最高的善像水那样。水善于帮助万物而不与万物相争。它停留在众人所不喜欢的地方，所以接近于道。上善的人居住要像水那样安于卑下，存心要像水那样深沉，交友要像水那样相亲，言语要像水那样真诚，为政要像水那样有条有理，办事要像水那样无所不能，行为要像水那样待机而动。正因为他像水那样与万物无争，所以 才没有烦恼。8/6/2022Derivation of the Earlier Heaven eight trigrams8/6/2022三酸图三酸图/尝醋图尝醋图/尝醋翁尝醋翁The Vinegar Tasters
