1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-161UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGEDiscovering Useful Structures Grammar单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-163Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam，the government turned
2、 to the United Nations for help.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece，and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Activity 1Describe people or things in greater detail单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-164Find more sentences containing relative
3、 clauses from the text on page 4，and discuss briefly with a partner the major functions of them.Then make a short summary in a table or mindmap.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural her
4、itage sites around the world from disappearing.Activity 1Describe people or things in greater detailRelative pronoun FunctionRelative adverb Function who/thatrefers to people whenrefers to time which/thatrefers to objects where refers to a place whoserefers to a possession whyrefers to the reason 单击
5、此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-165Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.Activity 21He showed me a photo in his room.It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo _.2The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.It was formed by members from fifteen cou
6、ntries.The project team _.EXAMPLE I have downloaded that free app，but it doesnt work well.The free app（which/that）I have downloaded doesnt work well.（which/that）he showed me in his room was of a famous cultural relic in Egypt whose members were from fifteen countries helped protect the national park
7、s in the United Republic of Tanzania.关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1663This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time_.4We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.The
8、 professional archaeologist_.5The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk.I found them yesterday.The place_.6Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.The reason_.when this temple was first bu
9、ilt was during the Qin Dynasty（who/whom）we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structurewhere I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the deskwhy scientists worked together day and night to rescue
10、the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-167Work in pairs and play a game of definitions.One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses.Work out two more questions of your own.Activity 3EXAMPLE A：What is an
11、 exit?B：An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.1Whats a library?（from/in which；where）A library is a place from/in which you can borrow books.ORA library is a place where you can borrow books.2Whats a good friend?（to whom；who）A good friend is someone to whom you can tell you
12、r problems.OR A good friend is someone who you can tell your problems to.提示：关系副词（when/where/why）根据句中具体的意义可以转化成“介词+关系代词which”，如句1单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-168Work in pairs and play a game of definitions.One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses.Work out two more questions
13、 of your own.Activity 3EXAMPLE A：What is an exit?B：An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.3Whats a vacation?（during which；when）A vacation is a time during which you dont work.OR A vacation is a time when you dont work.4Whats a football coach?（from whom；who）A football coach
14、is someone from whom football players receive training.OR A football coach is someone who trains football players.提示：关系副词（when/where/why）根据句中具体的意义可以转化成“介词+关系代词which”，如句3单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-169Work out two more questions of your own.Activity 3EXAMPLE A：What is an exit?B：An exit is the door where/throu
15、gh which you can leave a building.A：Whats a giraffe?B：A giraffe is an animal that has a long neck.A：Whats a dentist?B：A dentist is someone who looks after your teeth.单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1610who whom whose that which when where why Activity 41 That is the site _ they discovered caves full of Buddha st
16、atues.2 Does anybody know the reason_ he refused to sign the document?3 Sue is the person to _ I sent the text message yesterday.4My brother works in a cafe _ top-quality Italian food is served.5 This is the archaeologist _ discovered the Inca ruins.6 On the way home,he helped a young man _ car had
17、broken down.7 Tasmania is the most unforgettable place _ I have ever been to.8 In European countries,the weekend is usually a time _ nobody goes to work.9.This is the story in _the valuable blue and white porcelain vase from the Ming Dynasty was finally returned to its owner.Choose the correct words
18、 to fill in the blanks.(WORKBOOK P62 EX.1)wherewhy whom where whowhose（that/which）whenwhich 单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16111 Last winter we saw the well-preserved temple for the first time.I will remember it forever.2 I met a German scientist at the party last week.He is likely to be working in our city.3 T
19、his is the bookshop.I found a book about Liang Sichengs contribution to protecting Chinas cultural heritage in it.Activity 5Join the two sentences using relative clauses.Then translate them into Chinese.I will remember forever the time last winter when we first saw the well-preserved temple.我会永远记得去年
20、冬天的那一刻，就在那一刻我们第一次看到那座保存完好的寺庙。I met a German scientist who is likely to be working in our city at the party last week.上周的聚会上我遇到了一位德国科学家，这位科学家可能会在我们城市工作。This is the bookshop where I found a book about Liang Sichengs contribution to protecting Chinas cultural heritage.这就是那家书店，我在里面找到了一本书，书中讲述了梁思成对中国文化遗产
21、保护所做出的贡献。(WORKBOOK P63 EX.2)单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16124 The boys proposal was helpful and practical Most of the students agreed with him.5 He does not identify happiness with money.That is the reason.6 The committee was established last year.It plays an important role in environmental protection.Activi
22、ty 5Join the two sentences using relative clauses.Then translate them into Chinese.Most of the students agreed with the boy whose proposal was helpful and practical.多数学生都赞同那个男孩，认为他的建议既有用又可行。That is the reason why he does not identify happiness with money.这就是他不把幸福等同于金钱的原因。The committee which was esta
23、blished last year plays an important role in environmental protection.去年成立的委员会在环境保护方面发挥了重要的作用。单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16131 This is the month during which wed like to travel around.This is the month when wed like to travel around.2 She gave a lecture in the hall in which we interviewed a famous Beijing o
24、pera actor last week.She gave a lecture in the hall where we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week.3 Lillian works in a government office in which there are many different departments.Lillian works in a government office where there are many different departments.4 Finding a job as a hi
25、story teacher in another school was the reason for which I moved.Finding a job as a history teacher in another school was the reason why I moved.Rewrite the sentences by replacing prep+which/whom with when/how/where/why.Activity 6(WORKBOOK P63 EX.3)单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1614Rewrite the sentences by rep
26、lacing prep+which/whom with when/how/where/why.Activity 65 Summer is the season in which it is best to practise outside with your team.Summer is the season when it is best to practise outside with your team.6 The Longmen Grottoes were the place in which I met the famous artist who showed me many of
27、his paintings and digital photos.The Longmen Grottoes were the place where I met the famous artist who showed me many of his paintings and digital photos.7 I relied on my car until it broke down at the place at which the three roads met.I relied on my car until it broke down at the place where the t
28、hree roads met.8 It is a time at which the sun begins to set and the moon begins to rise.He likes to take photos from the roof of his house.He likes to take photos from the roof of his house at a time when the sun begins to set and the moon begins to rise.单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16151 关系代词和关系副词（1）关系代词指人：
29、who，whom，that指物：that，whichwhose=the+n.+of which/whomThe man who is speaking at the meeting is an expert.在会议上发言的是一个专家。The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.他们想要拜访的那位女士是一个老师。Football is a game which is loved by many boys.足球是许多男孩子喜欢的活动。The book is intended for the students whose native langu
30、age is not English.这本书是专门为母语不是英语的人设计的。（2）关系副词when=on/in/at/during whichwhere=in/on/at/to whichwhy=for whichThis is the place where/in which I grew up.这就是我长大的地方。单元语法定语从句附：单元语法精讲精练附：单元语法精讲精练单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1616单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）2018北京卷 She and her family bicycle to work，_helps them keep fit.（2）Dashan，
31、_has been learning crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.（3）Opposite is St.Pauls Church，_ you can hear some lovely music.（4）Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should beconsidered.whichwhowherewhe
32、re单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16172 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（1）作用不同限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，不可去掉，否则主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，可去掉，去掉后主句意思仍完整。This is the best film（that）I have ever seen for years.这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影。She lost the match，which depressed her greatly.她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。（2）形式不同限制性定语从句与主句不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。单击此
33、处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1618（3）先行词不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上也确实如此。（4）关系词的使用情况不同that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。关系代词的省略情况
34、不同：关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省略。He changed his mind，which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1619单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.（2）Do you still remember the chicken farm _we visited three months ago?（3）Fin
35、ally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.（4）I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_my classmates recommended to me.（5）Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，_is quite unexpected.that/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhichw
36、hich单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1620英译汉英译汉（6）In our school there are eight foreign teachers who come from Australia._（7）In our school there are eight foreign teachers，who come from Australia._ 我们学校有 8 位来自澳大利亚的外籍教师。（本句表达的意思是：我们学校有来自澳大利亚的外籍教师，还有不是来自澳大利亚的外籍教师。）我们学校共有 8 位外籍教师，他们来自澳大利亚。（本句表达的意思是：我们学校共有 8 位外籍教师，他们
37、全部来自澳大利亚。）单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16213 关系代词只用 that 不用 which（1）当先行词是 all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing 等不定代词时。Humans should take responsibility for something that they have done to the animals.人类应该为他们对动物所做的事负责。Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西需要买吗？
38、（2）当先行词被 the only，the same，the very，the last，any，few，little，no，all 等限定词修饰时。This is the very book that I want.这正是我想要的那本书。（3）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。（4）先行词既包括人又包括物时。I can well remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room
39、.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。（5）当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1622单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.（2）I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses
40、fault.（3）These articles are the very ones _ should be read.（4）Chatting was the only thing _ interested her.（5）This is the best movie _Ive ever seen.（6）She took photographs of the people and things _she was interested in.thatthatthatthatthatthat单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16234 关系代词只用 which 不用 that（1）当关系代词前有介
41、词时，用 which 不用 that，但当介词在从句句末时，两者皆可。This is the pet dog for which I paid five hundred pounds.这就是那只我花了 500 英镑买下来的宠物狗。（2）引导非限制性语从句时只能用 which。Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1624单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）2018江苏卷 By boat is the only way
42、 to get here，_is how we arrived.（2）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by _ we see the world around us.（3）They invited me to the party，_ made me very happy.whichwhichwhich单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16255“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句on/in/at/during which=whenin/on/at/to which=w
43、herefor which=why【学法点拨学法点拨】关系代词前介词的确定：一先、二动、三意义。（1）一先：根据先行词确定介词；The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校非常有名。（2）二动：根据从句的谓语动词来确定介词；She is the girl to whom I talked just now.她就是我刚才与之谈话的那个女孩。This is a problem to which you should pay attention.这是一个你应该关注的问题。（3）三意义：根据从句的意义来确定介词。The col
44、ourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体称为氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1626单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）2019 天 津 3 月 卷 The course normally attracts about 100 students per year，of_ up to half will be from abroad.（2）Creating an atmosphere in _ employees feel part of a team is a big chal
45、lenge.（3）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill _which school education depends.（4）Ill never forget the time _which I was with my friends in the countryside.whomwhichon/uponduring单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16276“名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom”引导定语从句常见此类结构包括 some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most.+o
46、f+which/whom。Here are the questions，some of which I thought are too difficult for you.就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。Present at the meeting are experts on DNA，most of whom come fromthe USA.出席会议的是 DNA 方面的专家，其中大部分来自美国。He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.他写了许多儿童读物，几乎一半是
47、在 20 世纪 90 年代出版的。单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1628单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.（2）Many young people，most of _ were well educated，headed for remote regions tochase their dreams.（3）English is a language shared by several diverse
48、 cultures，each of _ uses it differently.whichwhomwhich单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-16297 as 引导的定语从句（1）当主句的先行词被 the same，as，such，so 等修饰时，应用 as 引导定语从句，as 可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.这个探险者进入丛林时仅带了一些他确实需要的人和东西。（as 在定语从句中作 needed 的宾语）单击此处编辑母版标题样式202
49、2-8-1630（2）as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，as意为“正如，正像”。as 引导的定语从句通常有以下固定的表达：as we all know 正如大家所知道的as I can remember 正如我所记得的as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as we expect 正如我们所预料的那样as you see 如你所见as is well known 众所周知as was expected 正如预料的那样as is often the case with.对而言这是常有的事As is often the case，many people consider it
50、 the governments duty to protect the cultural heritage.很多人认为保护文化遗产是政府的职责，这是经常发生的事。As we expect，many effective measures are being taken for the wildlife protection.正如大家所期望的，为了野生动植物的保护，有效的措施正在被采用。单击此处编辑母版标题样式2022-8-1631单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）_is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doct
