1、Building a professional social service system of social assistance East China Normal University：Zhong RenyaoDisclaimer:The views expressed in this document are those of the author,and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank(ADB),its Board of Directors,or the g
2、overnments they represent.ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document,and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use.By making any designation or reference to a particular territory or geographical area,or by using the term“country”in this document,ADB do
3、es not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.The introduction of social assistance in our countryI.the implementation of social assistance2Source of Data:Ministry of Civil Affairs The number of social assistance recipientsUnits：10 thousands2007-2014 Th
4、e number of social assistanceThe situation of social assistance in 2014TypeHouseholds(million)People（million）Fiscal spendingA total of fiscal expenditure（billion）The central government subsidies（billion）The percentage of the central government subsidies（%）urban minimum living standard guarantee10.26
5、118.7772.1751.88871.9rural minimum living standard guarantee29.43652.07287.0358.2666.9Rural five-guarantees5.29118.98Medicaid in 2014 The medicaid supported 91.19 million person-time,including 11.066 million inpatient assistance,12.887 million outpatient service assistance,funding 67.237 million peo
6、ples participation of medical insurance and cooperative medical care.Medical assistance funds reached 25.26 billion Yuan.18.02 billion Yuan are used for inpatient assistance,2.4 billion Yuan for outpatient service assistance,and 4.84 billion Yuan for supporting peoples participation of medical insur
7、ance and cooperative medical care.The average value per person-time reached 1628 Yuan,186 Yuan,72 Yuan respectively.Special medical assistance towards servicemen reached 4.746 million person-tune.The average value per capita is 661.8 Yuan,and the total reached 3.14 billion Yuan.Temporary assistance
8、in 2014Temporary assistance reached 6.507 million households in 2014.Categorized by rural/urban areas:urban households was 3.335 million,rural households was 3.172 million;Categorized by household registration:local permanent household was 6.315 million,the non-local permanent household was 192,000;
9、Categorized by assistance types:the cash assistance was 5.339 million household-times,the emergencye assistance was 1.168 million household-times.The total annual expenditure of temporary assistance was 5.76 billion Yuan.6Community services in 2014 The number of community service agencies reached 31
10、1,000.the coverage rate of community service organization was 45.5%.The numbers of different types of agencies are:Community service guidance center,918.Community service center,23,088.Community service station,120,188.service outlets in cities and towns,309,000.Community volunteer service organizat
11、ion,109,000.7Social organization in 2014 606,000 social organizations with 682.3 million employees.8 Social organizationPrivate non-enterprise unitsTotal310,000Total292,000Industrial and commercial service34099Business service5915Education11412Education163681Health10060Health23404Social service44630
12、Culture14148Law3270Social service42244Agriculture and rural development60202Science and technology service15110Occupation and industry organization19867Ecological environment398Social work in 2014 Social service agencies reached 1.668 million with 12.51 million employees.Childrens Services:there wer
13、e 525,000 orphans,including 94000 living in institutions and 432,000 living in families.Providing assistance to 170,000 street children all the year round.Disability Services：there were 16,389 agencies providing services for the disabled and providing jobs to 47.9 million workers with disabilities.9
14、Social assistance requires interventions of professional social services.The Change of Environment10Characteristics of poverty in the new stageComplicated reasons of poverty:physical conditions,expense,unemployment;Intergenerational transference of poverty:rigidification of social mobility,solidifie
15、d stratification;Extension of poverty:economic adjustment and upgrading,which weaken labor-intensive industries;Problems of new types of poverty:the unemployed,people living from paycheck to paycheck,getting into poverty repeatedly;Differentiation in needs for assistance:the reasons of being poor ar
16、e complicated,which require different ways and methods to overcome poverty.Direction of social assistance reformBreak the vicious circle of intergenerational transference of poverty.Prevent vicious labor competition.Avoid the vicious circle of social assistance expenditure.12Changing the philosophy
17、of social assistanceFrom providing assistance to the poor to preventing poverty;From receiving assistance passively to self-development;From survival assistance to survival,development and opportunity support;From in-cash assistance to a combination of cash and in-kind assistance;From single assista
18、nce provider to multiple providers;From providing assistance of same level to providing assistance according to different needs.Professional social services in social assistance.Strategies and Ideas14Matching the needs of social assistance and professional social services:key issues What kind of pro
19、fessional social services are needed?Who can provide these services?How to provide these services?Roles and responsibilities of government?（1）who need services?&what kind of services do they need?1.Classification of poor people age and health level of poverty and probability of getting rid of povert
20、y2.Identification of service needsprofessional services aiming at securing survivalprofessional services aiming at promoting developmentprofessional services aiming at providing opportunities16（2）171.Nature of providers Profitable Non-profitable Charitable&Voluntary2.Services Daily careCapacity buil
21、dingSocial support and social inclusion who provide services?&What kind of services can they provide?（3）how to provide services?18 Model of government purchasing services in America Model of government outsourcing services in France Model of government purchasing services and community participation
22、 in Singapore Which model is more suitable for China?（4）Roles and responsibilities of governmenthow to guarantee the quality of services19 How to define the roles of government and how to transfer the function of government is a prerequisite for sustainable and healthy development of professional so
23、cial services.The government needs to ensure the quality services,allow greater space for the development of non-governmental sectors,make clear and confine the area and degree of governmental intervention.How to conduct assessment and supervision How to guide and cultivate the development of non-go
24、vernmental organizations through policymaking THANK YOUTHANK YOU社会救助的专业化社会服务体系构建华东师范大学：钟仁耀我国社会救助及相关情况介绍一、制度实施一、制度实施23数据来源：民政部数据来源：民政部20142014年社会服务发展统计公报年社会服务发展统计公报历年社会救助人数单位：万人2014年社会救助情况类型类型户（万）户（万）人（万）人（万）财政支出财政支出各级财政总计（亿元）各级财政总计（亿元）中央财政补助（亿元）中央财政补助（亿元）中央财政补助占比（中央财政补助占比（%）城市低保城市低保1026.11026.118771
25、877721.7721.7518.88518.8871.971.9农村低保农村低保2943.62943.65207.25207.2870.3870.3582.6582.666.966.9农村五保农村五保529.1529.1189.8189.82014年医疗救助医疗救助9119万人次，其中住院救助1106.6万人次，门诊救助1288.7万人次，资助参保参合6723.7万人。医疗救助资金252.6亿元，其中住院救助180.2亿元，门诊救助24亿元，资助参保参合48.4亿元。住院救助、门诊救助、资助参保参合水平分别达到人次均1628元、186元、72元。医疗补助优抚对象474.6万人次，人均补助水平
26、661.8元，各级财政共支出优抚医疗补助资金31.4亿元。2014年临时救助2014年临时救助650.7万户次。按户籍性质分类按户籍性质分类：城市家庭333.5万户次，农村家庭317.2万户次；按属地分类按属地分类：当地常驻户口631.5万户次，非当地常驻户口19.2万户次；按救助类型分类按救助类型分类：支出型临时救助533.9万户次，应急型临时救助116.8万户次。全年支出临时救助资金57.6亿元。272014年社区服务各类社区服务机构31.1万个，社区服务机构覆盖率45.5%。其中：社区服务指导中心918个社区服务中心23088个社区服务站120188个城镇便民、利民服务网点30.9万个。
27、社区志愿服务组织社区志愿服务组织10.910.9万个万个。282014年社会组织 社会组织60.6万个，吸纳社会各类人员就业682.3万人。29社会团体社会团体民办非企业单位民办非企业单位共计（个）共计（个）31.031.0万万共计（个）共计（个）29.229.2万万工商服务业类（个）工商服务业类（个）3409934099商业服务业类（个）商业服务业类（个）59155915教育类（个）教育类（个）1141211412教育类（个）教育类（个）163681163681卫生类（个）卫生类（个）1006010060卫生类（个）卫生类（个）2340423404社会服务类（个）社会服务类（个）446304
28、4630文化类（个）文化类（个）1414814148法律类（个）法律类（个）32703270社会服务类（个）社会服务类（个）4224442244农业及农村发展类（个）农业及农村发展类（个）6020260202科技服务类（个）科技服务类（个）1511015110职业及从业组织类（个）职业及从业组织类（个）1986719867生态环境类（个）生态环境类（个）3983982014年社会工作社会服务机构166.8万个，职工总数1251.0万人；儿童服务儿童服务：全国共有孤儿52.5万人，其中集中供养孤儿9.4万人,社会散居孤儿43.2万人。全年救助生活无着流浪未成年人17.0万人次。残疾人服务残疾人服
29、务：残疾人提供服务的机构16389个，吸纳残疾职工47.9万人就业。30社会救助需要专业化社会服务介入二、救助环境转变二、救助环境转变31新时期贫困的特点贫困致因复杂化贫困致因复杂化：身体、支出、失业等；贫困代际转移化贫困代际转移化：社会流动僵化、阶层固化；贫困风险扩大化贫困风险扩大化：经济调整与升级，造成“去密集型”产业结构；“新贫新贫”问题问题：待业人群、月光族、返贫现象；救助需求与程度差异化救助需求与程度差异化：“致贫”原因复杂化导致的“去贫困化”方式、途径的多样化。社会救助改革的指向切断切断“贫困代际恶性循环贫困代际恶性循环”防止防止“劳动力竞争恶性循环劳动力竞争恶性循环”避免避免“救
30、助支出恶性循环救助支出恶性循环”33救助理念的转向从从 事后补救事后补救 向向 事前预防事前预防转向转向 从从 被动受助被动受助 向向 自我发展自我发展转向转向从从 保障生存保障生存 向向 生存、发展与机会生存、发展与机会转向转向从从 资金救助资金救助 向向 资金、物质与服务资金、物质与服务转向转向从从 单一主体单一主体 向向 多元主体救助多元主体救助转向转向从从 同一标准同一标准 向向 分类施救分类施救 转向转向社会救助中的专业化社会服务三、构建的基本思路三、构建的基本思路35救助需求与专业服务匹配中关键问题的探讨需要哪些专业化社会服务？谁来提供哪些专业化社会服务？怎样提供这些专业化社会服务
31、？政府的角色与职责？（一）贫困人群与需求层次甄别 “谁需要服务”、“需要哪些服务”1.贫困群体划分“年龄和健康”角度“贫困程度与脱贫可能”角度2.服务需求甄别“保障生存型专业化服务”“促进发展型专业化服务”“提供机会型专业化服务”37（二）专业社会服务主体与功能定位 “谁提供服务”、“提供哪些服务”381.主体性质 营利型 非营利型 慈善自愿型2.服务内容 日常照料型 能力发展型 支持融合型（三）专业社会服务的介入机制分析“怎样提供服务”39 美国的政府购买模式 法国的政府外包模式 新加坡政府购买与社区参与模式 等等 哪种模式更适合中国？（四）政府角色与职责 “如何保证服务质量”40 如何界定政府角色、转变政府职能，是实现专业社会服务持续健康发展的前提保证。在社会力量和专业社会服务参与社会救助的过程中，政府既要保证服务的质量，还要在限制自身干预范围的同时给予社会力量的发展更大的空间。“如何实施评估与监督”“如何通过政策制定来引导和培育社会力量发展谢谢 谢谢
