1、 To infinitive Bare infinitive Verb-ing form as a noun I.To-infinitiveReview the basic sentences elements.1.I was watching an English programme at 8 oclock yesterday.I-subject;was watching-predicate;an English programmer-object;at 8 oclock yesterday-adverbialObserve the sentences you have learned.1.
2、Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!2.I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms.3.I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants,he may fail at school,or worse.4.He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve
3、 high grades.5.Our main aim is to discourage young people from smoking.6.They can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near.7.He and my mother always make me do things I dont like.8.Wow!I think this blouse will make me look slimmer.9.Eating more fruit makes me feel better.10.Exerc
4、ise is something that can help to make you look good,feel good and be healthy.Observe the sentences from this unit.1.To find a best friend is difficult.2.I need to sleep for eight hours every night.3.I asked him to come over.4.I have a very important meeting to attend.5.His aim was to cheer me up.6.
5、You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.7.I let her borrow my book.8.She made me promise to write every day.9.I saw her talk to her new friends.10.The teacher often has students read aloud in class.GuessFill in the blanks with appropriate words.1.Its hard _(imagine)how this peace
6、ful volcano destroyed the whole city!2.I hope _(lose)at least 10 kilograms.3.I am worried that if I keep allowing him _(do)what he wants,he may fail at school,or worse.to imagineto loseto do4.He also told us that the best way _(earn)respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.5.
7、Our main aim is _(discourage)young people from smoking.6.They can use the guns _(scare)the animals away if they come too near.to earnto discourageto scare7.He and my mother always make me _(do)things I dont like.8.Wow!I think this blouse will make me _(look)slimmer.9.Eating more fruit makes me _(fee
8、l)better.10.Exercise is something that can help to make you _(look)good,_(feel)good and _(be)healthy.dolookfeellookfeelbeSentences from this unit.1._(find)a best friend is difficult.2.I need _(sleep)for eight hours every night.3.I asked him _(come)over.4.I have a very important meeting _(attend).5.H
9、is aim was _(cheer)me up.6.You need to apologize quickly _(avoid)losing a good friend.To findto sleepto cometo attendto cheerto avoid7.I let her _(borrow)my book.8.She made me _(promise)to write every day.9.I saw her _(talk)to her new friends.10.The teacher often has students _(read)aloud in class.b
10、orrowpromisetalkreadI went to see him,_ him out.A.findingB.findC.only to findD.foundCharles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A.to invent B.to have invented C.inventing D.having inventedPaul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learnC.learned D.learningJane w
11、as made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to washB.washingC.washD.to be washing1.to infinitive used as the subject 不定式不定式(短语短语)作主语作主语 eg.To obey law is everyones duty.遵纪守法是每个人的职责。遵纪守法是每个人的职责。To see is to believe.眼见为实。眼见为实。To talk with your mouth full is rude.满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。It is im
12、possible to finish the work in such a short time.在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不 可能的。可能的。It is useful for you to learn some spoken English.学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。2.to infinitive used as the object 不定式不定式(短语短语)作宾语作宾语eg.He managed to solve the problem by himself.他自己设法解决了问题。他自己设法解决了问题。I like to
13、 read newspaper articles about sports.我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。Amy wants to know more about the film.安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情 况。况。want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,agree,learn,mean,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,continue,ask,promise,exp
14、ect,choose,preferThe following words are usually followed by to infinitive as the object:3.to infinitive used as the object complement 不定式不定式(短语短语)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语eg.Id like you to keep everything tidy.我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。The teacher asked us to finish the work today.老师要我们今天完成工作。老师要我们今天完成工作。
15、Tell Jack to close the window,please.请让杰克关上窗户。请让杰克关上窗户。动词动词make,let,have,hear,see,feel,watch,notice 和和observe后的宾语补足语，要省去后的宾语补足语，要省去to。eg.They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day.老板让工人们每天工作老板让工人们每天工作14小时。小时。4.“to infi
16、nitive”used as the attributive 不定式不定式(短语短语)作定语作定语eg.I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。我有许多工作要做。I have no one to talk to.我没有一个可以交谈的人。我没有一个可以交谈的人。He is looking for a house to live in.他正在找房子住。他正在找房子住。5.to infinitive used as the predicative 不定式不定式(短语短语)作表语作表语eg.My wish is to be a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。我的
17、愿望是成为一名医生。Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。What I need most now is to have a good rest.我现在最需要的是好好休息。我现在最需要的是好好休息。6.to infinitive used as the adverbial of a sentence to show reason,purpose or result 不定式不定式(短语短语)作句子状语作句子状语eg.He came here to attend an importan
18、t meeting.(purpose)他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）Sam was very surprised to hear the news.(reason)萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.(result)他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）结果）When we use“to infinitive”as the result adverbial,it means
19、the result is unexpected or surprising.eg.He hurried to the rail station,only to find the train had left.7.the continuous and perfect forms of to infinitive 不定式的进行式和完成式不定式的进行式和完成式eg.She seemed to have heard of it already.她似乎已经听说过这件事了。她似乎已经听说过这件事了。When the teacher came in,the students pretended to be
20、 reading loudly.当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声 读书。读书。Bare infinitive(省略省略to的不定式的不定式)Read the points on Page 8.省略省略to的不定式用于：的不定式用于：1)after let,make,have2)after verbs of perception:feel,hear,see,watch3)after would rather,had better,why not当当make/let/have+sb.+do(sth.)变变成被动语态时，应加上成被动语态时，应加上to。eg.The w
21、orkers were made to work 14 hours a day by the boss.工人们被迫每天工作工人们被迫每天工作14个小时。个小时。Verbs of perception can also be used with doing(sth.)but with different meanings.I saw her talk to her new friends.我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。(我目睹了整个谈话过程。我目睹了整个谈话过程。)I saw her talking to her new friends.我看到她正在和她的新朋友谈话。我看到
22、她正在和她的新朋友谈话。(当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我可能没看到整个过程。可能没看到整个过程。)We use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and,or,except,but,than,or rather than.eg.I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left.我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。We decided t
23、o stay at home rather than go to the cinema.我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。Observe the sentences you have learned.1.Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.(Unit 1,Book 1)2.I regret taking those weight-loss pills.(Unit 3,Book 1)3.Why didnt the
24、y ask me what happened instead of shouting at me?(Unit 2,Book 1)4.Usually,when we talk about reading,we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper.(Unit 2,Book 3)5.In one case,a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR.(Unit 3,Book 4
25、)Observe the sentences from this unit.1.Swimming is good for your health.2.I love swimming in the sea during the summer.3.I keep fit by swimming every day.to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessFill in the
26、blanks with appropriate words.1._(go)to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.2.I regret _(take)those weight-loss pills.3.Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of _(shout)at me?Goingtakingshouting4.Usually,when we talk about _(read),we think of
27、_(use)our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper.5.In one case,a teenager who was afraid of _(talk)and _(play)with his schoolmates was treated with VR.readingusingtalkingplayingSentences from this unit.1._(swim)is good for your health.2.I love _(swim)in the sea during the summer.3.I keep fit by
28、 _(swim)every day.Swimmingswimmingswimming Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to doB.doing C.withD.to be doing She didnt remember _ him before.A.having metB.have met C.to meetD.to having metI can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC
29、.sailing D.to have sailed-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to doB.to be doingC.to have doneD.having doneVerb-ing form as a noun Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentenceeg.Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job.产卵是蚁后的专职工作。产卵是蚁后的专职工作。It i
30、s no use arguing with him.与他争辩没用。与他争辩没用。Her swimming has improved since she started training every day.自从她开始自从她开始 训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentenceeg.I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。我喜欢游泳。He has finished writing the composition.他已经写好了作文。他已经写好了作文。He loves playing foot
31、ball.他喜欢踢足球。他喜欢踢足球。admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,suggest,avoid,enjoy,practise,finish,miss,keep,understandWe use a verb-ing form after these verbs:The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form:would you mind,look forward to,cant stand,put off,give up,stick to,be worth,cant help,
32、feel like,Its no use/good.,keep on,devote to,be busy,get down to Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or to infinitive,but with some differences in meanings or usage.regret to do:抱歉要做某事抱歉要做某事 regret doing:后悔做了某事后悔做了某事 eg.I regret to tell you that you are fired.我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。I re
33、gret telling him the truth.我后悔告诉他真相。我后悔告诉他真相。forget to do:忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing:忘记做了某事忘记做了某事 eg.He forgot to close the door when he left.他离开时忘了关门了。他离开时忘了关门了。I will never forget winning my first gold medal.我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌 的情况。的情况。remember to do:记得要做某事记得要做某事 remember doing:记得曾经做过的事记得曾
34、经做过的事eg.Remember to post the letter for me on your way to work,OK?在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？好吗？I remember seeing this man somewhere.我记得在哪儿见过这个人。我记得在哪儿见过这个人。mean to do:打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing:意味着做某事意味着做某事eg.I mean to come earlier today.我今天打算早点来。我今天打算早点来。Missing this train means waiting for ano
35、ther hour.错过这列火车意味着又要等一个错过这列火车意味着又要等一个 小时小时。try to do:努力做某事努力做某事 try doing:尝试做某事尝试做某事eg.She tried to finish the work as quickly as she could.她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。I tried doing the exercise in a different way.我尝试用另一种方法解题。我尝试用另一种方法解题。stop to do:停下来做某事停下来做某事 stop doing:停止做某事停止做某事eg.The workers s
36、topped to have a rest.工人们停下来休息。工人们停下来休息。The workers stopped working and took a rest.工人们停止了手中的活，休息一工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。下。go on to do:继续做另一件事继续做另一件事 go on doing:继续做同一件事继续做同一件事eg.After doing the cooking,mother went on to do some washing.饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。The workers went on working after a sho
37、rt rest.短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活 了。了。Time for reflection1.To infinitive can be used as what?How about verb-ing?2.Speak out at least five verbs respectively that can be used after to infinitive or verb-ing.3.Which verbs can be used as bare infinitive(省略省略to的不定式的不定式)?1.要学好一门外语是不容易的。要学好一门外语是不容易的。
38、Its not easy to learn a foreign language well.2.我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.3.女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要 告诉你们。告诉你们。Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.Quiz II:Translation.4.母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒 儿子。儿子。Mother
39、 came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy.5.我叫小李给你修收音机。我叫小李给你修收音机。Ill have Xiao Li repair the radio for you.6.我那样说并没想着会伤害到你。我那样说并没想着会伤害到你。I didnt mean to hurt you by saying that.7.我明天让你用我的电脑。我明天让你用我的电脑。I will let you use my computer tomorrow.8.老板让员工一天工作将近十小时。老板让员工一天工作将近十小时。The boss made th
40、e employees work nearly ten hours a day.9.那早，大卫很幸运的赶上了第一班公车。那早，大卫很幸运的赶上了第一班公车。David was lucky to catch the first bus that morning.10.你介意给我递一下醋吗？你介意给我递一下醋吗？Would you mind passing me the vinegar?To preview Task about writing a letter to a friend:Skills building 1:writing down the answersSkills building 2:agreeing and disagreeingSkills building 3:checking your workTo finish the exercise on Page 9.To finish the exercise on Page 11.
