1、NEW CONCEPT ENGLISHBOOK 3An unknown goddess 无名女神Lesson 3Background knowledge：lGod 神:如Roman god of war 罗马战神God the Father,God the Son,God the Holy Ghost 圣父、圣子、圣灵（三位一体）lGoddess:女神 希腊神话中的六位女神：Hera 赫拉：奥林匹斯山十二主神之一，主管婚姻和生育Athena 雅典娜：奥林匹斯山十二主神之一，智慧与工艺女神；Diana 戴安娜：狩猎与月亮之神Aphrodite 阿芙洛狄忒（即罗马神话中的维纳斯），爱与美的女神；M
2、edusa 美杜莎，蛇发女怪Hebe 赫柏：青春女神New words and expressions:goddess:n.女神女神waitress,hostess,mistress(情妇）情妇）,murderess（女杀人犯）（女杀人犯）,tigress（母老虎）（母老虎）（mother tiger)gender 性，性别性，性别(male 男；男；female 女女)archaeologist n.考古学家考古学家archaeology n.考古学考古学,古迹；古迹；psychology 心理学心理学physiology 生理学生理学 philosophy 哲学，哲学，人生观，人生观，an
3、thropology 人类学人类学-ist:人；人；家家terrorist 恐怖份子恐怖份子racist 种族主义者种族主义者 specialist 专家专家 pacifist 反战主义者，和平主义者反战主义者，和平主义者lexplore v.考察，堪探，探究，仔细检查考察，堪探，探究，仔细检查to explore the Arctic regions 考察北极地区eg.We have explored several solutions to the problem.exploration n.探测，堪探，搜索explode v.(blow up)爆炸eg.The firework expl
4、oded in his hand.exploit v.开发，利用，剥削to exploit solar energy/water power 开发太阳能、水能lpromontory n.海角（凸起的）海角（凸起的）(a high long place of land which goes out into the sea)lcape n.海角 the Cape(=the Cape of Good Hope 好望角channel n.海峡the English Channelstrait n.海峡the Taiwan Strait prosperous adj.(经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的经济上）繁
5、荣的，昌盛的（successful or thriving,esp.financially)a prosperous country/industry 繁荣的国家、工业prosper v.使繁荣，使昌盛eg.The country is prospering under a strong government.Background Notes:America experienced the Great Depression in 1930s.(大萧条）eg.After the bloom,everything is gloom.繁荣过后尽是萧条。civilization n.文明（A civi
6、lization is a human society with its own social organization and culture.）eg.The city enjoys a high level of civilization.这个城市是一个高度文明的城市。civilized adj.文明的，文雅的a civilized society 一个文明的社会；civilized behavior 文明行为 civil adj.公民的，市民的，民用的，国内的civil rights 民权；civil defense 民防 civil law 民法；civil servant 公仆；ci
7、vil war 内战domestic adj.家庭的，国内的，驯养的n.佣人，国货domestic market 国内市场domestic violence 家庭暴力domestic flights 国内航班Storey n.楼层（Am.E.:story)Eg.Theres a nine-storey apartment building next to the bank.银行旁边有一座九层高的宿舍大楼。drainage n.排水，排水系统 drainage system=draining system 排水系统drain v.排水，流干；n.排水；下水道，排水系统brain drain 人才
8、流失go down the drain 白白浪费掉，付之东流eg.1.First you must drain the dirty water out and then clean the pipe.2.The country suffered from a continual brain drain because of bad economy.3.Britain suffered a considerable brain drain to the United States after the World War II.lworship n.崇拜，钟爱，信奉，做礼拜eg.Blind wor
9、ship must be ended.盲目崇拜必须停止。lShe absolutely worship her children.lPeople go to church to worship God.lthe worship of money 拜金主义Sacred adj.神圣的，宗教的la sacred place 圣地a sacred oath神圣的誓言lsacred music 宗教音乐；sacred history 宗教史Holy adj.神圣的（the holy city:Jerusalem 耶路撒冷）Eg.Silent night,holy night,all is calm,a
10、ll is bright.平安夜，圣善夜，万暗中，光华射Blessed adj.神圣的，快乐的the Blessed Virgin(the Virgin Mary)圣母玛利亚Fragment n.碎片fall/break into fragments/pieces摔成碎片fraction n.一小部分a fraction of a second 片刻，眨眼间a fraction of her earnings 她收入的一小部分 piece n.Im about to go to pieces.我快要崩溃了。remains n.遗物，废墟，遗迹，遗体the remains of ancient
11、Rome 古罗马遗迹Eg.His remains were buried in the churchyard.他的遗体安葬在教堂墓地。ruin v.破坏，毁灭，变成废墟ruins n.废墟be in ruins 破败不堪，一片废墟；落空Eg.1.The city lay in ruins after the earthquake2.Our plans are in ruins.Classical adj.古（希腊、罗马）文化的；古典的；传统的Eg.1.Latin is a classical language.拉丁语是古典语言。2.I like classical literature and
12、 music.classical adj.古典的；classic adj.经典的historical adj.历史上的；historic adj.有历史意义的economical adj.节约的 economic adj.经济的electrical adj.电学的，用电的，与电有关的electric adj.发电的，带电的，导电的reconstruct v.修复，重建，复兴（If you reconstruct something that has been destroyed or badly damaged,you build it and make it work again.）Eg.T
13、he government must reconstruct the shattered(破碎的）economy.政府必须重建支离破碎的经济。rebuild v.重建restore v.修复，恢复rest v.倚放，放置eg.She rested her elbows on the table.He rested his bicycle against the wall.rest sth.on/against sth.依赖于，依靠于eg.We rest our hopes on you.rest on/upon 依靠；寄托在eg.The plan rests on your cooperati
14、on.hip n.屁股，臀部；adj.新潮的，时髦的(If you say that someone is hip,you mean that they are very modern and follow all the latest fashions,for example in clothes and ideas.)be really hip 非常时尚ass 屁股 buttock 臀部full-length adj.(裙衣）拖地长的，全长的(A full-length skirt which sweeps the ground)；未经删节的graceful adj.优雅的，优美的，雅致的
15、Eg.Their dancing was graceful.grace n.优雅，魅力；恩宠，恩典；v.使优雅Eg.1.The young woman had grace beyond her years.这个年轻女子有着超越年龄的涵养。2.She didnt fit in and she had few social graces.她不适合这种场合，对社交礼仪所知甚少。3.It was only by the grace of God that no one died.承蒙上帝保佑才无人死亡。gracious adj.和蔼可亲的；彬彬有礼的；不端架子的Eg.1.She was graciou
16、s enough to show us round her home.2.He has a gracious smile.3.She was the most gracious hostess Ive ever known.elegant.adj.文雅的，雅致的；有风度的；娟秀的 an elegant lady/coat;elegant style of writing 优美的写作风格charming adj.迷人的，可爱的，英俊的a charming little fishing village 一个迷人的小渔村lidentity n.身份；本质；个性，特征；相同，一致lan identit
17、y card 身份证lthe identity of interests 利益的一致lreach(an)identity of views取得一致看法lEg.1.Please prove your identity.l2.The identity of the crimes led the police to think that the same person committed them.相同的犯罪事实使得警察认为是同一人作案。identify v.认出（身份、物件等）；辨认出Eg.The criminal was identified.How many species of birds
18、can you identify?identification n.辨认The identification of criminals by their fingerprints通过指纹辨认罪犯TEXT Q:How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?l1.Some time ago,an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.lMake a discovery of 作出发现lEg.Geologis
19、ts have made an important discovery of oil and natural gases in that area.l其他关于make的短语：lmake a close study of 对作深入研究lmake a detailed analysis of 对作详尽分析lmake a comprehensive summary of 对作全面总结lmake a name for oneself 出名lmake history 创造历史make a noise 名嗓一时lmake an exhaustive(详尽的，彻底的）investigation of 对作彻
20、底调查leg.Tom has made a detailed analysis of the present situation.Ben laden really made a noise by 9.11.make a dent:(to make a first step towards success in sth.)取得初步有效进展；奏效取得初步有效进展；奏效 eg.Chinese open-up policy has made a dent.Aegean:the Aegean Sea lies between Greece and Turkey,part of Mediterranean
21、 Sea.主题句（本文的第一句）：也为典型的记叙文的开头句。记叙文的文本特点：Time,Place,Person,Event.l2.An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.lStand in/on:表示“位于/处于地方”(强调高高耸立)lEg.China stands in the east of the world.There is a temple standing on the top of the mountain.A row o
22、f willows stands on the riverside.河边长着一排柳树。Stand 还可表示人或物体的高度。Eg.The girl stands 1.7m.l其他表示“位于”的相关短语：llie in/on:“位于（低处）”lbe located in/on/at:“坐落于（方向）”lbe situated in/on/at:“坐落于（方向）”lbe sited in/on/at：“坐落于（人为）”leg:The small village lies in a lonely valley.lA lake lies in the middle of the forest.lThe
23、new hospital will be sited at the city centre.新的医院将会建在城市的中心地带。l3.The city at one time must have been prosperous,for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.l1).at one time:“一度，曾经”leg.Nigeria at one time was a British colony.lat a time:“一次”leg.Dont ask so many questions at a time.lenjoy a high level
24、of civilization:“享有高度文明”lsb.enjoy 某人喜欢、享受lsth.enjoy 某物享有、拥有(这里相当于have)lEg.Hong Kong and Macao enjoy a high level of authority.China enjoys a long and glorious history of over 5,000 years.中国享有5，000多年悠久灿烂的历史。enjoy a long history 历史悠久enjoy supports 得到支持enjoy good health 身体健康enjoy large sales 畅销enjoy a
25、handsome income 收入颇丰4.The city was even equipped with a drainage system for a great many pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.l1).be equipped with:装备，配备(equipwith)eg.They cant afford to equip their army properly.Your education will equip you to earn a good living.supplywith供应（be supplied with
26、)provide sb.with sth.提供(provide sth.for sb.)eg.The firm has provided me with a car.The town is supplied with water from a reservoir(水库)in the hills.2).beneath prep.adv.有下方，在底下；低于eg.The earth felt soft beneath our feet.There is a large cellar beneath/under the kitchen.Richard is far beneath Henry in
27、intelligence(智力）.5.Roman Times:罗马时代（200 B.C.400 A.D.)lB.C.：before Christ 公元前lA.D.：Anno Domini(拉丁文）（from the birth of Christ)l有关Rome的习语：lDo as the Romans do when in Rome.l入国问禁，入乡随俗。lEvery road leads to Rome.条条大道通罗马。lRome wasnt built in a day.罗马非一日建成 /伟业非一日之功。（冰冻三尺，非一日之寒）6.Each of these represented a
28、goddess and had,at one time,been painted.represent v.代表eg.The statue of Liberty represents the friendship of France and America.The Foreign Minister(外交部长）represented the country at the conference.stand for:代表；为而奋斗；拥护；(口）容忍eg.1).UN stands for the United Nations.2).He stood for the cause of liberty an
29、d justice.3).I will not stand for behavior of that kind in my house.4).Pigeon and green stand for peace.on behalf of:代表（的身份）Eg.At the airport,the manager read an address of welcome on behalf of the company.symbolize v.象征，标志 be the symbol of.是的象征 lThousands of years,Garnet is considered to be the sym
30、bol of trust,constancy and pure.l数千年来，石榴石被认为是信仰、坚贞和纯朴的象征。lCity is considered to be the symbol of modern civilization,and is the important carrier for Economics and Social Development.l城市是现代文明的标志，是经济和社会发展的重要载体。7.The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.date
31、 from:“追溯到，起始于(=date back to)”（无被动）date back to=trace back toeg.The castle,the very best in Europe,has a long history dating from ancient Rome Times.古堡为欧洲之最，其历史悠久，可追溯到古罗马时代。date back:表示“已存在”eg.That is a old tradition.It dates back several centuries.那是旧传统，在几个世纪前就已经存在了。look back on sth.回顾，回想eg.I like
32、to look back on my university days,which were among the happiest in my life.我喜欢回首我的大学时代，那是我一生中最快乐的日子。8.Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.happen to do sth.碰巧做某事（do sth.By chance)(=It happened that)eg.Bill happened to meet a classmate on the school way.It happened
33、that its missing head was among remains of sth.happen to sb.某人发生某事sth.occur to sb.某人想起某事；某人发生某事eg.No better plan occurred to them.9.When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments,they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.划线部分还可改成：They found to their
34、surprise that the goddess turned out to be.1).Reconstruction(1865-1877)重建时期（美）The period of American History after the Civil War when the southern states,under government and military control,rejoined the US.Slavery was abolished.Black people were given the rights to vote,and a few universities were
35、 established for black people.2)turn out(to be)+adj./adv.:证明是，结果是，原来是eg.His statement turned out to be false.The party turned out to be a success.It turned out that 结果证明eg.It turned out that the method didnt work.As it turns out 人们后来发现，原来eg.As it turned out,the speaker was shouted down by the angry
36、crowd.结果，那个演讲的人被 愤怒的人群哄了下去。10.Despite her great age,she was very graceful indeed,but,so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.1).despite sth.=in spite of sth.尽管(后面接短语）eg.Despite his lack of education,Jack became a very successful businessman.despite the fact that+同位语从句rega
37、rdless of 不管如何eg.Everyone has the right to live where he wants to,regardless of the colour of his skin.2).be unable to do“不能做，没有能力做，无法做”eg.He lay awake all night,unable to sleep.be incapable of doing 没有能力做disable v.（因疾病、事故等）使失去能力，使残废(disable sb.)enable v.使能够 (enable sb.to do.)Lesson 3 课后习题lMultiple
38、choice questions 多项选择多项选择l1.DlIts missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.l2.D be employed in 被应用在被应用在.方面方面lthis is confirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内的内容容 l3.A in doing sth 在在.方面方面l4.D prosperity n.繁荣（不可数）繁荣（不可数）lknow 1知道知道,认识认识l2（文学用语）经历过（文学用语）经历过,曾
39、经有过（曾经有过（=experience,比比experience更加正式）更加正式）l -He knew poverty in his early days.他早年有过痛苦的经历他早年有过痛苦的经历l5.B since：自从：自从（主干的时态为（主干的时态为现在完成时）现在完成时）l6.Clto ones surprise 使某人感到惊讶使某人感到惊讶的是的是l在句中可做独立的状语在句中可做独立的状语,句子的主语句子的主语不必是某个人不必是某个人l-To my great disappointment the train had already leftlwith surprise 惊讶地惊
40、讶地（With satisfaction/delight/dismay）l必须与行为动词连用必须与行为动词连用,句子的主语必句子的主语必须是某个人须是某个人l-He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction.l-He went home with dismay.l-To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.l7.B despite=in spite of(可以和可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配名词、代词、动名词搭配)l8 B so far：现在完成时的标志：现在完成时的标志如果用如果用possible
41、/impossible,就要采用就要采用形势主语形势主语itSo far,it has been impossible for thearchaeologists to discover her identity.l9.A Holy adj.神圣的神圣的,圣洁的圣洁的religious 宗教的宗教的/frightening 令人害令人害怕的怕的 /colourful 丰富多彩的丰富多彩的l10.D in good condition情况良情况良好好=in good statewell done 侧重强调做得好侧重强调做得好conserve vt.保存保存,保藏保藏（=keep from bei
42、ng wasted,damaged,lost,destroyed）“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”Conserve your energy you needed.（energy n.精力精力,精神）精神）你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。We must conserve our forest.lmaintain vt.维持维持,维修维修-通过修通过修缮保养缮保养,不使不使.破损（强调动作的破损（强调动作的过程）过程）l11.B turn out=prove,都表示都表示系动词系动词lresolve vt,vi决定决定 vt.(使使)分解分解,溶溶解解l-He resolved on going out.他他决定出去。决定出去。l12.Blso far=until now,up till nowlbeforehand(adv.预先预先)=in advance(adv.预先预先)lat this distance of/in time 时隔已时隔已久久l-I can hardly remember him at this distance of time.时隔这么久时隔这么久,我几乎想不起来他了。我几乎想不起来他了。Thanks for watching!Thanks for watching!
