1、第9课 宋代经济的发展,新课导入,在许多方面，宋朝在中国都是个最令人激动的时代算得上一个政治清明、繁荣和创新的黄金时代。 罗兹墨菲：亚洲史,清明上河图（局部）,一、农业的发展,原因：,（1）从唐朝中晚期至两宋时期，北方人口大批南迁，带去了先进生产技术。,（2）两宋时期，人口增加，垦田面积扩大，耕作技术提高。,表现：,（1）粮食作物,由越南传入的占城稻，成熟早，抗旱力强，北宋时推广到东南地区。 南方农民还培育出许多优良品种，从而大大提高了水稻的产量。由于宋朝朝廷的大力提倡，南方的水稻在北方也得到较大推广。 宋朝时，水稻产量跃居粮食作物首位。 长江下游和太湖流域一带成为丰饶的粮仓，出现了“苏湖熟，
2、天下足”或“苏常熟，天下足”的谚语。,（2）经济作物,南方各地普遍种植茶树；南宋后期，棉花种植区向北推进到江淮和川蜀一带。,结果：,南方农业发展速度加快，逐渐超过北方。,二、手工业的兴盛,（1）丝织业 北宋时，南方的丝织业胜过北方，四川、江浙的丝织生产发达。,（2）棉纺织业 南宋后期，棉纺织业兴起，海南岛已有比较先进的棉纺织工具，棉纺织品种类较多。,纺织业：,制瓷业：,北宋兴起的江西景德镇，后来发展成为著名的瓷都。南宋时，江南地区已成为我国制瓷业中心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
3、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
4、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,宋瓷是当时中国的国家标
5、志,宋代五大官窑 钧窑【河南 禹州】 汝窑【河南 宝丰】 官窑【河南 开封】 哥窑【浙江 龙泉】 定窑【河北 曲阳】,瓷都 【江西 景德镇】,宋瓷的艺术特点,1.突破了唐朝“南青北白”的局面，呈现出天下名窑遍布的盛况。 2.品类繁多，器型多样。最受欢迎并极具特色的有“梅瓶”、“玉壶春”等。,3.釉色美妙，典雅含蓄，高贵朴实，有类玉的效果，以单色瓷为主流，体现了儒文化所提倡的简洁素雅之美，有明显的民族精神的体现。 4.装饰方法有印花、画花、刻花、剔花、贴花、镂花等，图案以花鸟虫鱼等为主，造型，色彩，纹样追求完整、意境、气韵。,宋朝的造船业居当时世界的首位，广州、泉州、明州的造船业，都有很高的水平
6、。,北宋东京郊外，建有世界上最早的船坞。,造船业：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
7、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
8、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,车船,宋代车船的制造不但数量多，而且质量高，船体巍峨高大，结构坚固合理，行船工具更趋完善，装饰更为华美，特别是开始使用指南针进行导航，开辟了航海史的新时期。,三、商业贸易的繁荣,宋代商业的繁荣超过了前代。,概况：,（1）商业城市的发展,表现：,两宋时期最大的商业城市是开封和杭州，人口多达百万。,随着城市人口的增长，商业日益繁盛，城市中的店铺不断增加，街道以及宅巷之内到处可以开设店铺。,经商的时间也不再受限制，出现了早市和夜市
9、。,都市的商贸活动也辐射到乡镇，形成了新的商业区，叫作草市。 在城市与乡村之间的市镇也发展成为重要的商业贸易区。,（2）海外贸易的发展,地位：宋朝的海外贸易超过前代，成为当时世界上从事海外贸易的重要国家。,表现：广州、泉州是闻名世界的大商港。朝廷鼓励海外贸易，在主要港口设立市舶司加以管理。,作用：南宋的外贸所得，在财政收入中占有重要地位。,（3）纸币出现,原因：商贸的繁荣促进了货币交易量的增长，但长期以来市场上流通的是金属货币，携带很不方便。 出现的时期、地点：北宋前期，四川地区出现“交子”。 地位：是世界上最早的纸币。 发展：南宋时，纸币发展成与铜钱并行的货币。,从唐朝中期开始的经济重心南移
10、，到南宋时最后完成。那时中央的财政收入，主要来自南方，特别是东南地区。,结果：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
11、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
12、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,宋代经济的发展,经济重心难移（南宋完成）,农业,手工业,商业,原因,表现,丝织业,制瓷业,造船业,北宋：四川、江浙 南宋：海南岛,北宋：江西景德镇 南宋：河北定窑 河南汝窑,商业城市,海外贸易,“交子”,开封、杭州,广州、泉州,市舶司,世界上最早的纸币,广州、泉州、明州,（广东珠海）从唐朝中晚期至五代、宋朝，江南地区的农业发展较快，逐渐超过北方。宋代南方农业经济发展的表现不包括（ ） A.推广种植籼型杂交水稻 B.苏州、湖州成为重要的粮仓 C.棉花的种植扩展到长江流域 D.江南新辟许多茶园,A,课堂练习,宋朝时期，海外贸易范围很广，东到朝鲜、日本，西至阿拉伯半岛和非洲东海岸。那时阿拉伯等十几个国家的商人经常来华从事贸易。当时政府管理海外贸易的机构是（ ） A.市舶司 B.澎湖巡检司 C.行省 D.宣政院,A,
