1、第12课 宋元时期的都市和文化,清明上河图,东南形胜，三吴都会，钱塘自古繁华。烟柳画桥，风帘翠幕，参差十万人家。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
2、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
3、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一、繁华的都市生活,宋元的都市,发达,社会生活丰富多彩,北宋的开封,南宋的临安,元大都,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
4、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
5、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,大相国寺 大相国寺有大小院落60余座，殿堂屋宇四五百间。该寺每月开放5次，供“万姓交易”。大门附近卖飞禽走兽，二、三门卖日用杂货，靠近佛殿的地方经营笔墨，两廊
6、卖织秀、珠宝等，殿后交易古玩、字画和书籍。,城镇规模的扩大和城市的繁荣 城乡经济的发展和商业的繁荣 市民阶层的不断扩大,瓦子,城市繁华,市民文化丰富,娱乐兼营商业的场所,瓦子,勾栏,瓦子中专供表演的圈子,唱曲,说 书,表演蹴鞠,丰富多样的商业和娱乐活动,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
7、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,夜市,酒楼茶坊中演唱、讲史,瓦肆勾栏的杂剧表演,街头歌舞表演,杂剧,宋元时期戏剧表演的主要形式是杂剧，杂剧形成于宋代。元朝建立后，元杂剧在以大都为中心的北方地区兴盛起来。元朝统一南北后，元杂剧传入南方，为广大民众所喜爱。,杂剧
9、,宋朝时春节、元宵节、中秋节等传统节日日益受到人们的重视。,吹口哨,杂剧陶俑,吹笛、击节板,舞蹈,词是一种新体诗歌，句子有长有短，也称长短句，便于歌唱。词在唐朝时已经出现，经五代到两宋，得到很大发展，成为宋代主要的文学形式之一。每首词依据乐谱的要求，有一定的格式，叫作词牌。,二、宋词和元曲,宋词,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
10、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
11、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,宋词诞生的社会基础都有哪些呢？,北宋统一中国后，经济很快发展起来，尤其是工商业发展很快，城市普遍繁荣。市民阶层的扩大，生活水平的提高，要求丰富的文化娱乐生活，词的创作和发展，适应了城
12、市文化生活的需要。加上两宋社会矛盾尖锐，文学家用词更能表达自己的思想情感和忧国忧民的思想。于是词成为宋朝文学的主流形式。,分类：,婉约派,婉约派的词是词的早期主流，侧重风花雪月，离愁别绪的情景描写。细腻柔弱，情绪婉约，柳永和李清照是杰出的代表。,李清照 跨北、南宋两个时代的杰出女词人。 词风委婉、细腻、清秀。她的作品以北 宋灭亡为界限，此前主要是描写真挚的 夫妇感情，此后的作品则充满了血和泪， 通过对个人流离不定生活的描写，反映当时战乱带来的灾难，抒写深沉的忧患情怀，在当时产生了较大的影响。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
13、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
14、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
15、才路,状元成才路,豪放派,豪放派的风格是豪放激愤，气势雄伟，内容以记事、说理为主，题材广阔，更喜摄取国事那样的重大题材，不拘格律。苏轼是豪放派的开创者和主要代表，是豪放派的开山鼻祖，对后世影响很大。苏轼代表作是念奴娇赤壁怀古水调歌头明月几时有。辛弃疾是集大成者，辛弃疾永遇乐京口北固亭怀古。,苏轼,苏轼对词的贡献： 改进了词的创作 扩大了词的境界 提高了词的格调,词风豪迈而飘逸，把写景、抒情和议论结合在一起，收到引人入胜、激发情感的艺术效果。,辛弃疾 继承了苏轼的豪放词风和报国情怀，使词境更为雄奇扩大；抒情、写景、叙事、议论，气势磅礴，震撼人心； 提高了词的社会功能和在文学史上的地位； 在词人中
16、与苏轼齐名，并称为“苏辛”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
17、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
18、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,元曲,定义：,元曲是把音乐、歌舞、动作、念白等融于一起的一种综合性艺术。盛行于元代的戏曲艺术，包括散曲、杂剧和南戏等。,代表人物：,元曲四大家,关汉卿（12191301年），元代杂剧奠基人，元代戏剧作家，“元曲四大家”之首。以杂剧的成就最大， 最著名的是窦娥冤。关汉卿也写了不少历史剧，单刀会、单鞭夺槊、西蜀梦等，散曲今在小令40多首、套数10多首。,西厢记,窦娥冤,赵氏孤儿,兴盛的原因：,元朝疆域辽阔，城市经济繁荣，宏大的剧场，活跃的书会和日夜不
19、绝的观众，为元曲的兴起奠定了基础； 元代各民族文化相互交流和融化，促进元曲的形成； 元曲是诗歌本身的内在规律及文学传统继承、发展的必然结果。,词曲为什么在宋元如此繁盛？,手工业商业经济的繁荣，为词曲的兴盛奠定了物质基础。 市民阶层扩大，要求丰富娱乐生活，适应了市井生活需要。 宋元时期阶级和民族矛盾尖锐，词曲更能表达作者的感情。 科举制度的推动，社会的变迁。,宋代都市的文化生活丰富多彩，城内一般都设有多处供居民娱乐的场所瓦舍。瓦舍出现的原因是（ ） 城镇规模的扩大和城市的繁荣 城乡经济的发展和商业的繁荣 市民阶层的不断扩大 经济重心南移 A. B. C. D.,随堂练习,状元成才路,状元成才路,
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