1、第15课 明朝的对外关系,一、郑和下西洋,15世纪初，明朝经济逐步繁荣，国力雄厚，成为当时世界上的强国。,1.背景：,明成祖,2.第一次下西洋时的在位皇帝：,为了提高明朝在国外的地位和威望，“示中国富强”，同时也用中国的货物去换取海外的奇珍。,3.目的：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
2、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
3、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,4.概况：,14051433年,七次,亚洲和非洲的30多个国家和地区,刘家港,非洲东海岸和红海沿岸,丝绸、瓷器、茶叶、漆器、金银货币等,珠宝、香料和药材等特产,相关人物：,郑和，原姓马，回族，云南人。12岁丧父，在流离中被明
4、军掳去，送进皇宫当了太监。后来跟随燕王朱棣，屡建战功。朱棣称帝，是为明成祖。明成祖十分器重他，提拔他为内宫太监，并赐姓郑。1431年，明朝第五位皇帝明宣宗钦封郑和为“三宝太监”。,郑和像,郑和宝船（模型）,郑和的远航，时间之长，规模之大，堪称世界航海史上的空前壮举，不仅增进了中国与亚非国家和地区的相互了解和友好往来，而且开创了西太平洋与印度洋之间的亚非海上交通网，为人类的航海事业作出了伟大贡献。,5.历史意义：,15世纪初，明朝经济逐步繁荣，国力雄厚，成为当时世界上的强国。 明朝统治者的支持。 政治的稳定。 合适的人选郑和具备出使西洋的条件。 科技的进步已有罗盘针、航海图。 造船技术的提高有经
5、得起风浪的大海船。,郑和成功下西洋的条件有哪些？,思考探究：,二、戚继光抗倭,元末明初，日本的一些武士和奸商，组成海盗武装集团，到中国东南沿海地区进行走私贸易和抢劫，被时人称为“倭寇”。,1.“倭寇”：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
6、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
7、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,明朝中期，随着日本国内社会动荡加剧，特别是由于明朝国力减弱，海防松懈，倭寇与中国海盗、奸商等相互勾结，对中国沿海的武装抢劫日益猖獗。所到之处，他们杀居民，劫财货，无恶不作，沿海各地遭到重大破坏，时称“倭患”。,2.戚继光抗倭的历史背景：,3.抗倭经过：,明王朝派年轻将领戚继光
8、到东南沿海抗倭。 戚继光组建了一支纪律严明、能征善战的“戚家军”。 在台州九战九捷，平定了浙东地区的倭患。 此后，戚继光又率军进入福建、广东地区，与其他抗倭将领带领广大军民先后消灭了两地的倭寇，使东南沿海的倭患基本解除。,4.评价：,戚继光领导的抗倭战争是一场反侵略的战争，他是我国历史上一位伟大的民族英雄。,戚继光像,这是一场反侵略的正义战争，符合人民的利益。 戚家军纪律严明，英勇善战。 人民群众的大力支持及其他爱国军民的配合作战，体现了一种同仇敌忾的民族向心力。 戚继光卓越的军事韬略和指挥才能。,戚继光抗倭取得胜利的原因有哪些？,思考探究：,三、葡萄牙攫取在澳门的居住权,从16世纪开始，一些
9、欧洲殖民者，相继来到我国沿海地区，进行侵略活动。,1.背景：,1553年，葡萄牙殖民地攫取了在我国广东澳门的居住权。,2.概况：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
10、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
11、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,明朝的对外关系,交往,1.目的：提高_在国外的地位和威望；用中国的货物换取海外的奇珍。,2.从_年到_年，郑和率船队_次下“西洋”,冲突,1.1561年，_九战九捷，平定了浙东地区的倭患。与其他抗倭将领消灭了福建、广东地区的倭寇。,2.抗倭战争是一场_的战争，戚继光是我国历史上一位伟大的_。,1405,七,明朝,台州,反侵略,民族英雄,1433,前期 国力强盛,中后期 国力衰微,葡萄牙攫取在澳门的居住权,课堂小结,郑和 下西洋,戚继光 抗倭,随堂练习,（2018山东德州）“万众一心兮，群山可撼；惟忠与义兮，气冲斗牛上报天子兮，下救黔首；杀尽倭奴兮，觅个封侯！”这首豪迈雄壮的凯歌的作者应是（ ） A.岳飞 B.郑成功 C.戚继光 D.康熙帝,1.,C,（2018江苏连云港中考）史载，郑和船队在占城时，“其买卖交易，使用七成淡金或银。中国青瓷盘碗等品甚爱之，则将淡金换易”。这反映了郑和下西洋（ ） A.加强了经济交流 B.发展了航海技术 C.树立了明朝国威 D.促进了政治交往,2.,A,
