1、20081ChapterChapter 8 Lathe 8 Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathe Vocabularies and terms:work 机件机件;作业作业;工件工件;工作工作;功功;劳劳;著作著作traverse【数学】横截线；【机械工程】横动；【数学】横截线；【机械工程】横动；【计算机】穿程；【法律】否认，反驳，抗辩；【计算机】穿程；【法律】否认，反驳，抗辩；【炮】炮口的转动。【炮】炮口的转动。indebted adj.负债的负债的,感恩的感恩的bed【
2、机械工程】底座；衬；机床床身【机械工程】底座；衬；机床床身headstock 车头箱，车床头车头箱，车床头,主轴箱主轴箱tailstock 机机尾架尾架,尾座尾座,顶针座顶针座,2008239.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathesaddle【机械工程】凹座，轴鞍，鞍座板；滑动座架；【机械工程】凹座，轴鞍，鞍座板；滑动座架；滑板；锅炉座滑板；锅炉座driving motor 主动主动驱动驱动电动机电动机switch gear 开关开关bearing 承托部分承托部分;方位方位;支撑点支撑点
3、;支承支承;支承面支承面;支座支座lubricate【机械工程】涂油，上油；使润滑；润【机械工程】涂油，上油；使润滑；润;润润滑；俚语滑；俚语(为了使事情进行顺利些等目的为了使事情进行顺利些等目的)劝酒；行劝酒；行贿，收买贿，收买toothed gearing 齿轮传动齿轮传动gearbox 变速器变速器;齿轮箱齿轮箱;进刀箱进刀箱;进给箱进给箱2008339.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Latheintegrate 结合结合gearing 齿轮传动齿轮传动housed 封装的封装的reli
4、eved 卸；释卸；释pull 拖拖;拖曳拖曳;牵牵;牵引牵引;拉拉;拉手拉手;曳曳;吸引吸引;扳扳ways【机械工程】【机械工程】(车床等的车床等的)导轨导轨poppet 随转尾架随转尾架;提升头提升头;下水支架下水支架2008439.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathehandwheel 手轮手轮,驾驶盘驾驶盘screw 螺杆螺杆rest 静止静止;静止静止;剩余剩余;剩余部分剩余部分;停止停止apron【机械工程】【机械工程】(防护防护)挡板；挡板；(机床刀座下机床刀座下的的)拖板箱
5、拖板箱actuate 开动开动(机械等机械等)；驱使，激励；驱使，激励(人等人等)feed 进给进给;进料进料;原料原料;饲料饲料;送料送料;馈给馈给;馈送馈送;给料给料;供片供片;装料装料;喂养喂养;走刀走刀;加料加料;加载加载lead-screw nut 定向螺母定向螺母2008539.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathespurpinion 正小齿轮正小齿轮engaging 连接；进入；结合；啮合；连接；进入；结合；啮合；rack【机械工程】齿条，齿轨；饲草架，马【机械工程】齿条，齿
6、轨；饲草架，马槽槽split nut 开口螺母；开口螺母；nut and bolt(NAB)螺母螺母及螺栓及螺栓interlocked 联锁联锁;互锁互锁cross 四通四通;杂交杂交;横的横的;十字形十字形;交叉交叉;直角器直角器swivel 转环转环;转体转体2008639.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathedial 钟面钟面;数字盘数字盘;示数盘示数盘;标度盘标度盘;标度盘标度盘;表盘表盘;拨号拨号盘盘;调节控制盘调节控制盘;针盘针盘;分度盘分度盘;分划分划;号码盘号码盘;号盘号盘
7、;度度盘盘graduate 给给(量杯等量杯等)标上刻度；在标上刻度；在(表、尺等上表、尺等上)分度分度backlash 名词名词 反击；后座；反击；后座；(政治方面政治方面)强烈的反响；强烈的反响；(任何任何)对抗性的反应；【机械工程】轮齿隙；齿隙游移；对抗性的反应；【机械工程】轮齿隙；齿隙游移；钓丝缠结钓丝缠结Graduations(pl.)表示经纬度的线表示经纬度的线;刻度刻度;分划，分度分划，分度remark 表示表示;评语评语;批注批注;注视注视;注意注意2008739.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of
8、 Typical Lathetool post 刀架刀架to be geared 把齿轮装上把齿轮装上(机器等机器等)，使，使扣上齿轮；开动扣上齿轮；开动(机器等机器等)2008839.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathe The lathe is a machine in which work is held so that it can be rotated about an axis while the cutting tool is traversed past the work
9、from one end to the other thereby forming it to the required shape.2008939.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheClearly any section by a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation will be circular.The lathe is probably the oldest but is still the most important of
10、all machine tools.20081039.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheA good example of a modern precision lathe is shown in Fig.59.It is the Mode lC No.10,built by Messrs.Holbrook Machine Tool Co.Itd.,Stratford,London,to whom the author is indebted for the loan of photog
11、raphs and for technical information.20081139.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheThe lathe consists essentially of a bed,headstock,tailstock,and saddle.The bed is a box casting with machined“ways or“shears on its upper surface and is bolted to a heavy base casting
12、which provides a tray to20081239.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathecatch any cutting fluid that may be used and also serves to house the driving motor and electrical switch-gear.The headstock A is secured to the bed and carries the bearings in20081339.Brief Descr
13、iption of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathewhich the spindle B rotates.These bearings are automatically lubricated by a mechanical pump and are designed to work satisfactorily under extreme conditions of low speeds with heavy20081439.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Descri
14、ption of Typical Lathecuts and high speeds with light cuts.Twelve different spindle speeds are provided ranging from 23 to 2,000 r.p.m.These speeds are obtained partly by electrical means-the driving motor being a20081539.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathethree-s
15、peed one-and partly by toothed gearing.One gearbox,providing two speeds,is built integral with the motor unit and is controlled by the lever C,while gearing housed in the headstock and motor controlled20081639.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Latheby lever D provides
16、 two further changes.The speeds are controlled by lever E and the drive up to the spindle is through V belts,the spindle being relieved of the belt pull.20081739.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheThe tailstock F is free to slide along the bed ways but can be lock
17、ed in any position by the lever G;it carries the“poppet which can be adjusted in and out by the handwheel H1 and a screw.The poppet is locked by lever J.20081839.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheThe saddle K is free to slide along the bed ways and carries the co
18、mpound slide rest L,M,N while the saddle apron P carries the gearing giving the self-actuating feeds and also the lead-screw nut.The20081939.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathesliding of the saddle along the bed is done by means of a spurpinion carried in bearings
19、 in the apron and engaging the rack Q fixed to the bed.The spurpinion can be turned either20082039.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathemanually by the handwheel R or mechanically by the feed shaft S,this latter drive being engaged and disengaged by the lever T.The
20、feed shaft S is driven20082139.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathefrom the headstock spindle through gearboxes V and W which provide a range of feeds from 0.003 up to 0.020 in.per spindle revolution.For screw cutting the20082239.Brief Description of Typical Lathe3
21、9.Brief Description of Typical Lathesaddle is traversed by the lead-screw which,like the feed shaft,is driven from the spindle through the gearboxes V and W.A split nut carried in the apron can be engaged with the lead screw by20082339.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typica
22、l Lathemeans of the lever Y which is interlocked with the levers T and Z to prevent the nut being engaged while the feeds are in use.20082439.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheThe compound slide rest consists of the cross-slide L,swivel M,and top slide N.The cros
23、s-slide is free to slide across the saddle perpendicular to the bed ways and is operated by a20082539.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathescrew either manually by a handwheel or mechanically b y the feed shaft,this drive being engaged by the lever Z.A dial,graduate
24、d in thousandths of an inch,is carried by the20082639.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathecross-slide screw and enables accurate adjustments to be made.Because of backlash between the nut and screw the dial graduations can only be relied on if the adjustment is alw
25、ays made in the same20082739.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Lathedirection,in or out;if the slide is moved just a little too far it must be brought back and then forward again,or vice versa.This remark applies to practically all machine adjustments.The swivel M ena
26、bles the top slide to be set20082839.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical Latheat any angle from 0 to 90 degrees with the spindle axis.The top slide carries the tool post b in which the tool is held and is traversed by a screw that is geared to the handle c.20082939.Brie
27、f Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheA lever d carried by the apron controls the driving motor switch through a shaft and enables the motor to be stopped,started,or reversed.20083039.Brief Description of Typical Lathe39.Brief Description of Typical LatheThe tailstock is made in two parts,the upper portion being adjustable at right angles to the bed ways relatively to the lower part;the two parts can be locked togather after adjusting.
