1、专题十一专题十一 数词和主谓一致数词和主谓一致热点考向一数词的基本用法1.数词的分类2.“数词普通名词形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。a threeyearold boy一个三岁的男孩a twomilelong walk一段两英里的路程3.在表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分数的分子超过“1”时，分母须加s。如one tenth(1/10)，three tenths(3/10)。4.英语中表示年代时，直接在年份前面加定冠词the，再在年份后面加s或s，如“20世纪80年代”，可表示为the 1980s或the 1980s。5.年龄表达法(1)基数词(years
2、 old)(2)at(the age of)基数词(3)in ones twenties在某人二十几岁时(4)of基数词a boy of five(5)与基数词合成的定语，名词要用单数a fiveyearold boy(6)基数词名词合成复合形容词，作前置定语，名词用单数形式。a fiveyear plan一个五年计划6.dozen和score的用法(1)dozen表示：一打，十二个；score表示：二十；(2)当dozen与数词或many，several等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词前常省去“of”；score则不然。two dozen pencils两打铅笔two score of b
3、ooks四十本书dozens of people scores of people许多人(3)当后面的名词前有these，those或为代词them，us等时，dozen后应加“of”。a dozen of these peopletwo dozen of them热点考向二主谓一致1.就近一致原则(1)由or,either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。Either you or he is to go.要么你去，要么他去。Are neither you nor I fit for the w
4、ork?你和我都不适合这份工作吗？“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老师和学生们在
5、图书馆里阅读。(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词用单数的情况由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。“n o/e a c h/e v e r y/m a n y a 单 数 名 词 a n d no/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。Every man and
6、 every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。Each boy and each girl has been invited to the teaparty.每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶话会。非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Reading often means learning.读书常意味着学习。To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大声朗读英语
7、对你有许多好处。Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。(2)谓语动词用复数的情况由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。What they need
8、are books.他们需要的是书。1.Generally,students inner motivation with high expectations from others_(be)essential to their development.答案：is解析：句意：一般来说，学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。本题考查主谓一致。本题中由with连接两个成分，即A with B，谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致，所以本句谓语动词应该和students inner motivation保持一致，用单数。本句说的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时态。2.The famous m
9、usician,as well as his students,_(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.答案：was invited解析：句意：那位著名音乐家和他的学生应邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上演出。本题既考查主谓一致又考查动词的时态。题干中的主语是The famous musician，是单数形式，与invite是被动关系。根据the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知谓语动词需用过去时态。3.The university estimates that liv
10、ing expenses for international students _ around$8,450 a year,which_a burden for some of them.(be)答案：are;is解析：句意：这所大学估计留学生一年的生活费用大约是8,450美元，这一点对于他们中的一些人来说是个负担。本题考查主谓一致。第一空：因为主语是living expenses，是复数，所以谓语动词要用复数形式are；第二空：主语是which，用来替代前面的句子，所以谓语动词要用单数形式is。4All the scientific evidence _(show)that increasi
11、ng use of chemicals in farming _(be)damaging our health.答案：shows;is解析：考查主谓一致。evidence作“证据，证明”讲时是不可数名词，故第一空用shows；increasing use of chemicals in farming是动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数，故第二空用is。5Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，_(keep)some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through S
12、aturdays.答案：keeps解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，部分店从星期一到星期六24小时营业。根据句中的“is”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为Walmart，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。6The basketball coach,as well as his team，_(be)interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.答案：was 解析：考查主谓一致及时态。句意：因有出色的表现，篮球赛一结束，这个篮球教练以及他的队员就被采访了。主语后接由with，except，as well as，no less than，rather than，besides，together with，like，including，in addition to等构成的短语时，谓语与主语保持一致；事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
