1、1Chemistry I Chapters 15&16Chemistry I HD Chapter 15ICP Chapter 22SAVE PAPER AND INK!When you print out the notes on PowerPoint,print Handouts instead of Slides in the print setup.Also,turn off the backgrounds(ToolsOptionsPrintUNcheck Background Printing)!23Parts of a Solution SOLUTE the part of a s
2、olution that is being dissolved(usually the lesser amount)SOLVENT the part of a solution that dissolves the solute(usually the greater amount)Solute+Solvent=SolutionSoluteSolventExamplesolidsolidsolidliquidgassolidliquidliquidgasliquidgasgas45Example:Saturated and Unsaturated FatsUnsaturated fats ha
3、ve at least one double bond between carbon atoms;monounsaturated means there is one double bond,polysaturated means there are more than one double bond.Thus,there are some bonds that can be broken,chemically changed,and used for a variety of purposes.These are REQUIRED to carry out many functions in
4、 the body.Fish oils(fats)are usually unsaturated.Game animals(chicken,deer)are usually less saturated,but not as much as fish.Olive and canola oil are monounsaturated.Saturated fats are called saturated because all of the bonds between the carbon atoms in a fat are single bonds.Thus,all the bonds on
5、 the carbon are occupied or“saturated”with hydrogen.These are stable and hard to decompose.The body can only use these for energy,and so the excess is stored.Thus,these should be avoided in diets.These are usually obtained from sheep and cattle fats.Butter and coconut oil are mostly saturated fats.6
6、1.Evaporate some of the solvent carefully so that the solute does not solidify and come out of solution.7891011Its Time to Play Everyones Favorite Game Show Electrolyte or Nonelectrolyte!1213.Molarity(M)=moles soluteliters of solution14155.00 g 1 mol237.7 g=0.0210 mol0.0210 mol0.250 L=0.0841 M=0.084
7、1 M1617Learning CheckHow many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 400.mL of 3.0 M NaOH solution?1)12 g2)48 g3)300 g1819m of solution=mol solutekilograms solvent2021conc(molality)=1.00 mol glycol0.250 kg H2O 4.00 molal%glycol =62.1 g62.1 g+250.g x 100%=19.9%22Learning CheckA solution contains 15 g
8、Na2CO3 and 235 g of H2O?What is the mass%of the solution?1)15%Na2CO32)6.4%Na2CO33)6.0%Na2CO323Using mass%How many grams of NaCl are needed to prepare 250 g of a 10.0%(by mass)NaCl solution?24Try this molality problem 25.0 g of NaCl is dissolved in 5000.mL of water.Find the molality(m)of the resultin
9、g solution.m=mol solute/kg solvent25 g NaCl 1 mol NaCl 58.5 g NaCl=0.427 mol NaClSince the density of water is 1 g/mL,5000 mL=5000 g,which is 5 kg0.427 mol NaCl 5 kg water=0.0854 m salt water252627Propylene glycolEthylene glycol deadly to small animals28Which would you use for the streets of Bloomin
10、gton to lower the freezing point of ice and why?Would the temperature make any difference in your decision?sand,SiO2Rock salt,NaCla)Ice Melt,CaCl2293031Substance Kb benzene 2.53 camphor 5.95 carbon tetrachloride 5.03 ethyl ether 2.02 water 0.52 Substance Kf benzene 5.12 camphor 40.carbon tetrachloride 30.ethyl ether 1.79 water 1.86 32 33343536 3738
