1、Chinese TPRS Training Lan-jy Duke Comparison different learning/teaching 2nd language methodologies比较学习比较学习/教导教导第二语言不同的教学法第二语言不同的教学法 Reflection 省思*How do you think about your English speaking,listening,reading,and writing abilities?你认为你英语的听说读写的能力为何？Comparison different learning/teaching 2nd language
2、 methodologies比较学习比较学习/教导教导第二语言不同的教学法第二语言不同的教学法 Reflection省思*How do you learn English as a 2nd language?你怎么学英语的？Comparison different learning/teaching 2nd language methodologies比较学习比较学习/教导教导第二语言不同的教学法第二语言不同的教学法 Reflection 省思*What is your major goal at your teaching?你教学最主要的目标是什么？Comparison different
3、learning/teaching 2nd language methodologies比较学习比较学习/教导教导第二语言不同的教学法第二语言不同的教学法 What do you think as a teacher the effective strategies for students to learn Chinese?逆向思考！Herd the CATS or CATTLES?语言取得与学习的对比Acquisition v.s.Learning Language is acquired through comprehensible input.It is an unconscious
4、process;it happens when the learner is focused on the meaning of the message rather than the language.能理解的能理解的 无意识过程无意识过程 强调信息的含义而非语言本身强调信息的含义而非语言本身语言取得 Acquisition语言取得 Acquisition An important difference between classroom acquisition and“baby acquisition”is:Students have greater cognitive ability t
5、han babies.However,they have significantly less time in the language than babies do.Teachers must make the best use of precious classroom time.语言取得 Acquisition Classroom language must be repetitive,interesting,and varied.重复性，趣味性，多样化 Without these elements,we are not using class time in the best way
6、possible.语言取得 Acquisition Our challenge is making the language comprehensible while at the same time making it repetitive and interesting.语言取得 Acquisition Acquisition means relying on what sounds right.重复性、趣味性、可理解、个人化、安全环境 重复性。Repetition！趣味性。Interesting！可理解。Comprehensible!个人化。Personalized!安全环境。Safe
7、Environment！学习Learning Language“learning”refers to understanding how language works.Learning is enhanced by study.学习Learning Learning enables a student to edit language for accuracy.学习Learning In order to use learned rules in speech,three conditions must be met:o The speaker must know the rule.o The
8、 speaker must be focused on the rule.o The speaker must have sufficient time to edit.理解性输入Comprehensible Input 沒有输入，無法输出沒有输入，無法输出。学生应能理解所听到的或所呈学生应能理解所听到的或所呈现給他们的主要訊息。现給他们的主要訊息。No input,no output.Students should be able to understand the essence of what is being said or presented to them.理解性输入Compreh
9、ensible Input 透过上下文內容或視觉線索，透过上下文內容或視觉線索，或透过问题澄清，学生可加或透过问题澄清，学生可加強他们对所学習语言的知识。強他们对所学習语言的知识。By using context or visual cues,or by asking for clarification,students enhance their knowledge of the target language.Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling透过阅读与说故事教导流利语言透过阅读与说故事教导流利语言透过阅读与说故事教导
10、流利语言透过阅读与说故事教导流利语言Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling完全肢体反应说故事完全肢体反应说故事 Total Physical Response Storytelling Blaine Ray(TPRS)James Asher(TPR)Stephen Krashen(Comprehensive Input)透过阅读与说故事教导流利语言透过阅读与说故事教导流利语言 Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling透过阅读与说故事教导流利语言透过阅读与说故事教
11、导流利语言 Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling Samples of TPRS Chinese instructor:Linda Li Samples of TPRS Chinese classroom The three steps of TPRS Storytelling TPR Storytelling tool:Questioning Experience TPR Storytelling from the vantage point of a student Shane要买披萨。Mike饿了。Harry 要咖啡。
12、Samples of TPRS Chinese instructor:Linda Li John是苏格兰人。Yoda是苏格兰人。Samples of TPRS Chinese ClassroomTPRS的三步奏的三步奏The 3 Steps of TPR Storytelling 建立词义。建立词义。问故事问故事/个人化问题。个人化问题。大声朗读给学生听。大声朗读给学生听。Building Meaning Ask a story/PQA Read passage aloud to them步奏一：建立词义步奏一：建立词义 Step One：Build Meaning 在白板上写中英文词汇。在白
13、板上写中英文词汇。Written on the board in L2 and English.利用手势、动作来教导每个词汇。利用手势、动作来教导每个词汇。Pronounce and teach a gesture for each phrase.观察学生的动作或手势查看他们对每个词汇是否观察学生的动作或手势查看他们对每个词汇是否了解。了解。As you say the phrases,watch students gestures to see if they recognize the phrases.步奏一：建立词义步奏一：建立词义 Step One：Build Meaning 利用上下
14、文中的词汇。（学生不懂时，就很简单利用上下文中的词汇。（学生不懂时，就很简单指着板上的词汇或利用该词汇的手势动作来协助指着板上的词汇或利用该词汇的手势动作来协助了解。）了解。）Use the phrases in context.(When a student needs help in understanding,simply do the gesture or point to the board.)步奏一：建立词义步奏一：建立词义 Step One：Build Meaning利用学生作为对话的主题利用学生作为对话的主题（PQA）Use your students as the topic
15、 of conversation:Ask questions such as“Rachel,do you have a dog?”Talk about the students,using circles to reinforce the words.“Does Rachel have a dog?”“Does Rachels dog run fast?”(circle)“Does Rachel run fast?”(compare and contrast)步奏一：建立词义步奏一：建立词义 Step One：Build Meaning利用学生作为对话的主题利用学生作为对话的主题（PQA）Us
16、e your students as the topic of conversation:Build on what you have learned about a student so that you can talk about that student.“Class,Rachel has a big brown dog.Rachels dog is named Al.Al runs very fast.”步奏二：问故事步奏二：问故事/个人化问题个人化问题 Step Two：Ask a Story/PQA利用学生演员（或布偶、玩偶、图片）利用学生演员（或布偶、玩偶、图片）Using a
17、ctors(or puppets or dolls or pictures).Once again,use your students as the topic of the story.Circle each statement that contains one of the lessons focus phrases.步奏二：问故事步奏二：问故事/个人化问题个人化问题 Step Two：Ask a Story/PQA(选项选项)不用学生演员重述故事不用学生演员重述故事Retell the story without actorsYou may take the place of the
18、actors or you may have everybody in the class act at the same time!You may slightly change or embellish the story to keep interest high.步奏二：问故事步奏二：问故事/个人化问题个人化问题 Step Two：Ask a Story/PQA(选项，可为家庭作业选项，可为家庭作业)学生看图说故事或写故事。学生看图说故事或写故事。Students tell or write the story from illustrations.In class,they tell
19、 to partners.As homework,they tell to their parents.步奏三：大声朗读给学生听步奏三：大声朗读给学生听 Step Three：Read Passage Aloud to Students老师朗读时，学生安静地听老师朗读时，学生安静地听Students follow silently while listening让学生翻译故事。让学生翻译故事。Invite students to translate the story.TPR Storytelling tool:questioning 每句陈述问十二个问题。每句陈述问十二个问题。Make 12
20、 questions from one statementYes/No questionsEither orquestionsWho,Where,How,Why,When 加入新细节，在重复问问题。加入新细节，在重复问问题。Add new details and circle questioning.一次说一句故事一次说一句故事问问10-12個问题個问题 讓全體讓全體学生一起回答学生一起回答（讓学生表演故事）（讓学生表演故事）再提供新句再提供新句问问10-12個问题個问题 讓全體讓全體学生一起回答学生一起回答（讓学生表演故事）（讓学生表演故事）讓学生提供故事細節讓学生提供故事細節把学生所提供細
21、節加把学生所提供細節加入故事中入故事中 原则原则:重复、循環性问题重复、循環性问题1.2)是非题：是不是？是非题：是不是？2.3)二选一：二选一：A还是还是B？3.4)思考型问题：什么？为什么？怎么？哪思考型问题：什么？为什么？怎么？哪里？做什么？里？做什么？4.5)加入怪异或学生没有预期的事件。加入怪异或学生没有预期的事件。Principal:Repeated and Circling Questions Yes/no questions Either or questions High-level thinking questions Include an unexpected event
22、阅读阅读 Reading 把自己所说的与学生所提供的细节把自己所说的与学生所提供的细节写成故事，让学生阅读。写成故事，让学生阅读。出版社的故事书。出版社的故事书。简化翻译众说皆知的故事，如小红简化翻译众说皆知的故事，如小红帽、三只小猪帽、三只小猪。Write what you told and include what students provide for them to read.The published stories.Translate famous/popular stories such as Three Little Pig。反向课程设计Backward Planning 选
23、择适当趣的且趣味性高的阅读（内容）。选择适当趣的且趣味性高的阅读（内容）。从中先挑选所需教导的单字。从中先挑选所需教导的单字。自编迷你故事来教单字。自编迷你故事来教单字。当故事约有当故事约有90%的可理解性时，让学生阅读故的可理解性时，让学生阅读故事。事。Choose an appropriate high interest reading;Select the vocabulary you will need to teach;Create mini-stories to teach the vocabulary;Read the text when it is 90%comprehensi
24、ble.如何编故事How do I create a story?先挑选想要教导的单字先挑选想要教导的单字 编阅读故事编阅读故事 学生有一个麻烦学生有一个麻烦 试着解决麻烦试着解决麻烦 三个地点三个地点 麻烦在最后一个地点解决。麻烦在最后一个地点解决。Select the vocabulary you want to teach Edit the reading Student has a problem Tries to solve the problem Three locations Problem is solved in last location阅读与讨论阅读与讨论Read and
25、 discuss 老师大声读，老师大声读，让学生一次翻译一段（或一个段落），让学生一次翻译一段（或一个段落），问问题，问问题，让学生表演所读的内容，让学生表演所读的内容，在阅读时遇到文法，才简单说明文法或用法。在阅读时遇到文法，才简单说明文法或用法。Have a student translate one paragraph at a time;Ask questions;Have students act out scenes;Pop up grammar.写作Writing3-5分钟写作时间：分钟写作时间：让学生自由写作，可以使用笔记。让学生自由写作，可以使用笔记。让学生编他们的故事。让学生编他们的故事。让学生写日记。让学生写日记。3-5 minutes writing Student writing their own stories.Journal writing.
