1、Balancing Top and Bottom:Learner-Generated Texts for Teaching PhonicsLESLLA 2009Patsy VinogradovHamline University,University of MinnesotaAgenda Balanced Literacy Whole-Part-Whole method Ways to elicit student generated writing Specific activities to teach phonics and phonological awareness Q&ABalan
2、ced Literacy Instruction Both bottom-up and top-down instruction are necessary for students to achieve literacy.High interest,relevant,meaningful reading instruction should be included in contextualized lessons.At the same time,nurture bottom-up strategies like decoding and phonemic awareness.Whole-
3、part-wholeMethod of teaching reading that starts with a whole text(ex:vocabulary from thematic unit or a story)then pulls out specific parts to analyze for phonics/phonemic awareness skills,then goes back to the text to practice in context.Balanced Literacy with Adult Emergent Readers In every lesso
4、n,keep going up and down the ladder.Remember that phonics should only be one small part of a larger,meaning-based reading curriculum.Student-Generated Texts What are Student-Generated Texts?Why is this a good practice?Student-generated texts are derived from authentic learner language(written or ora
5、l)Types of Student-Generated Texts Shared experience Students newsletters Picture stories Responding to a visual Using a volunteer/higher level student as a scribe Transcribed taped conversations Journal entries Texts for wordless books Photo books Class posters Overheard student stories A few defin
6、itions Phonological awareness:“The ability to attend to the phonological or sound structure of language as distinct from its meaning.It includes word awareness,syllable awareness,rhyme awareness and phonemic awareness.”Phonemic awareness:One kind of phonological awareness.It is the“ability to focus
7、on and manipulate phonemes in spoken words.”Phonics:Teaching reading by emphasizing the relationships between letters and sounds.Fadumas Story:Coming to AmericaSame first letter soundF A M I L YF:family,Faduma,first,for A:am,America,apple,airplane M:money,month,my,motheretc.Sort words by soundsSomal
8、ia happy came monthmoney my country school husband S s schoolC c cameM mH hThe Nine Patch 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Nine Patch1.family2.daughter3.month4.from5.dont6.money7.first8.difficult9.my Letter tilesDictation Begin with first or final letter,then learners can attempt to write the whole word.The Lor Fa
9、mily This is the Lor family.There are 6 people.The grandmothers name is Blia.She likes milk and fruit salad.The fathers name is Xue.He likes to play music and play airplane with the baby.The mothers name is Angela.She likes to read books.The baby girl is Pa Nia.She is 1 year old.The older daughter i
10、s Phyu.She likes to play in the garden with the dog.The son is Too Aung.He likes to play basketball.The dogs name is Ow Nai.The Lors are very happy.Wheres the sound?beginning middle end/d/:/m/:/n/:dog milk sonold name airplanedaughter music namesalad motherreadManipulating sounds with large cardsB O
11、 O K C O O K L O O K M O T H E R B R O T H E R F A T H E-RFill in the missing soundsfa _ _ ermo _ _ ergrandmo _ _ erb _ byn _ meairpl _ ne_ lay_ eople_ a NiaSort words by sounds/lettersMmothermilkmusicBbooksbasketballbabyGgirlgardengrandmotherFfatherfamilyfruitEmergency!1.Its June.Ali has a stomacha
12、che.He says“Ouch”!2.Its September.Ali has a stomachache.He says“Ouch!”Alis sister says,“Go to the doctor.”3.Ali says,“No doctor.Too much money.”4.Its December.Ali has a very bad stomachache.He says“Ouch!Ouch!No doctor.Too much money.”5.Its January.Ali is in the ambulance.He goes to the hospital.6.It
13、s February.Ali is in the hospital sleeping.He has a big bill.Blend the wordj u n b i l h o s p i t a l Circle repeated words in the story Where do you see the name“Ali”in the story?Circle it.Where do you see the word“doctor”in the story?Circle it.Circle the word AliAllAlwaysbaddadbillhoneytummymoney
14、mothermoneyMondayWord families goes toes ouch couch grouch bad mad sad dad had glad bill fill hill pill will starts partsSame or differentbillpillouchcouchambulanceambulanceJunetunesheheDecemberDecembersayspaysCommunity Garden(Minnesota Literacy Council,Andrea Echelberger,instructor)Minnesota Litera
15、cy Council,St.Paul,MinnesotaHOT DAYToday is summer.Today is sunny.Today is hot.Today we are sweating.Today drink water.Today wear t-shirt.Beautiful GardenMr.Jerry tiller on the dirt.Many students clean the stones and grass.Dirt in the pot and plant tomatoes,chilies,cilantro,eggplants.Put in the stak
16、es and put in the fence.Plant broccoli,onions,green beans,flowers in the garden.Water the plants everyday.We like cucumbers,carrots,broccoli,onions,radishes.We feel happy.What kinds of phonics and phonemic awareness items can we work on from this text?What ideas do you have for such activities?Instr
17、uctors comments:“We wrote the stories as a group using the language experience approach,and then pulled specific words out of there to work on phonics with.We went through and practiced pulling the word apart and sounding out each of the phonemes,and then pushing it back together to say it fluently.
18、We looked at words that have similar sounds and groups circled words or wrote word lists.For a follow-up,I have alphabet tiles,and so I would say a word and they would have to move the tiles around to spell out the word.The higher learners were able to sound out most of it,and the lower and pre-lit
19、learners were doing really well with the initial onset and the final consonant sound.I didnt create any new resources for the phonics work,we just used the and the whiteboard,which made the activities much less prep-intensive for me.Its a lot of what weve talked about doing with phonics,but it was fun because it was our own story.Also,I always worried about learners getting bored with phonics and everyone in my class LOVED the activities,especially the word tile one.”Questions,comments?Thank you!
