1、高一培优精品班语法 4语法第二节 1.定语从句 3 2.状语从句 2 3 4 结果,时间,原因状语从句 2 while引导的表示对比的状语从句 3 although引导的让步状语从句 3 3.学习条件状语从句和让步状语从句 41.简单句的定义2.简单句的句型并列句简单句复合句1.并列句的定义2.复合句的分类2.并列句的特点1.复合句的定义简单句简单句的5大基本句式句型例句主语+动词I love主语+动词+宾语I love you!主语+系动词+表语You are my type.主语+动词+宾语+补语My words make your face red.主语+动词+间宾+直宾I give y
2、ou a peck on your face.定义：只有一个主谓结构的独立分句叫简单句句型例句主+动Birds fly.主+动+宾The early bird catches worm.主+系动+表They are birds of a feather.主+动+宾+补 I heard the birds singing merrily.主+动+间+直 She bought the bird a cage.并列句She is so beautiful;I am very handsome.特点：1.这些句子处于平等的、互不依从的并列地位。He is good at spoken English,
3、but I feel afraid of it.定义：含有两个或两个以上独立分句（简单句）的句子叫并列句。She is so beautiful;I am very handsome.2.英语并列句不能只用逗号隔开，需要用分号或者并列连词。英语并列句不能只用逗号隔开，需要用分号或者并列连词。复合句一逗到底He went to have lunch,then ran to a toilet,then rushed to the classroom.三点一线7复合句Complex Sentence 主从复合句一个主句（Main Clause)一个或一个以上的从句构成(Subordinate)从句从
4、句是相对主句而言，是一个句子成分不能单独成句、独立存在就像一个句子一样，它也有主语部分和谓语部分不同在于，从句须由一个关联词引导主句全句的主体通常可以独立存在引导词引导词英语所有的从句（包括一些特殊结构：非谓语），英语所有的从句（包括一些特殊结构：非谓语），都是为了让两句或者两句以上的话变成一句话。都是为了让两句或者两句以上的话变成一句话。从句从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句 时时 地地 原原 目目 结结 条条 让让 比比 方方状语从句状语从句 定语从句定语从句非名词性从句非名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句副词性从句副词性从句形容词性从句形容词性从句非、限
5、制从句非、限制从句关系代词、副词关系代词、副词定语从句名词性从句连接词连接代词连接副词非名词性从句之定从关系代词关系副词定语从句又被称之为关系从句，故关系词引导词pron.pronounadv.adverb代词就代词就是名词是名词主宾表定副词常副词常修动词修动词状语定语从句的引导词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词when where why=介词+which限制性/非限制性均可代替人 代替物只限制性定从代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whoseof whomwhoseof whichthat常可替代when,where,why(不掌握不掌握)as:关系代
6、词，可指人、指物，也可指整个关系代词，可指人、指物，也可指整个 句子。句子。可引导限从和非限从。限从时常和可引导限从和非限从。限从时常和the same,such(不掌握不掌握)功能作用what 和how 不能定语从句 定语从句所修饰的词He who laughs last laughs best.The boy who is laughing madly is a fool.先行词关系词/引导词所代替的词She is a climber who has achieved many firstclimbs.climberA climber has achieved many firstclim
7、bs.主语主语She is a climberA climber has achieved many firstclimbs.who普通代词：不从Please write about a player who you like.player you like a player a player you like?Please write about a player a player you like 宾语宾语whofor the job Im looking.That is the job that Im looking for.the jobThe job Im looking for.宾
8、语宾语That is the job.the job Im looking for.whichIm looking for the job.That is the job.that书上第一点the boys father is Li Gang.I love the boy whose father is Li Gang.the boysthe boys father is Li Gang.定语定语I love the boy.whose17The person he was 5 years ago.He was the person 5 years ago.He is no longer th
9、e person that he was 5 years ago.the personThe person he was 5 years ago.表语表语He is no longer the person.that关系代词做表语这块，不太常见！18in a place Lu Xun livedShaoxing was a place where Lu Xun lived .a placeLu Xun lived in a place a place Lu Xun lived?Shaoxing was a place.in a place Lu Xun lived状语状语whichLu Xun
10、 lived a place?whereShaoxing was a place.where：在哪里，在什么地方at a time there were many thinkers.It was a time when there were many thinkers.a timethere were many thinkers at a time.a time there were many thinkers.It was a time.at a time there were many thinkers.状语状语whichwhenwhen：在什么时候It was a time.for th
11、e reason he is unhappy.I dont know the reason why he is unhappy.The reasonHe is unhappy for the reason.The reson he is unhappy.for the reason he is unhappy.状语状语whichwhywhy：在什么时候I dont know the reason.I dont know the reason.定语从句本质 1.包含定语从句的这一句话，包含两层句子，实际也就是两句话 1 是主句层；2 是定语从句层。2.这两句话有一个共同的部分，而这个共同的部分可
12、以被一个关系代词或者关系副词代替。被代替后并合在一块后，一个主从复合句就形成了。3.定语从句就是这个从句扮演定语修饰一个简单句里的一个名词。She is a climber who has won many prizes.定从需注意 1.主谓一致（从句谓语动词受制于先行词）The boy who are laughing is my brother.2.定语从句的谓语动词如果是不及物动词，关系词就要选择关系副词！3.注意that 和 which在指物；that 和 who在指人时的区别！4.在定从中，关系词替代先行词，故在定从中不能出现相当于先行词的词。is除开书上4点This is the
13、right book that you are looking forit.用that不which1.先行词不定代词：all,much,little,few,something,none2.先行词是或者前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。3.先行词前有the only,the same,the very,the last 修饰时。4.先行词有两个或以上，且有人有物时。5.主句是一who或which开头的句子。6.主句是一here或there开头的句子。7.先行词是be后的表语或者关系代词本身做表语时。例句1.I did nothing that might hurt you.2.he is no
14、t the man that he was.3.the school is quite different from the one that it used to be.4.here is the book that you are looking for.5.chatting is the only thing that I am interested in.6.this is the best film that Ive ever seen.7.who is the person that is standing at the gate?8.she took pictures of th
15、e things and people that she was interested in.用which不that 1.先行词是：thatWhat is that which flashed in the sky just now?2.做介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。(介词+that不行)I am looking for a container in which I can put all the coins.用who不that 1.先行词是指人的不定代词，one,anyone,no one,nobody,anybody,none，those等。Those who have patie
16、nce can usually learn English well.2.当先行词指人，且在被分割的定从时。The boy was crying hard who lost his way in the street.练习 1.it is one of the most beautiful pictures I have ever seen.A that B which C what D whom 2.you can talk with anyone you think is friendly.A whom B who C that D which 3.have you found the i
17、nformation about the famous people you can use for the report?A which B who C what D whom 4.the doctor is leaving for Africa next month.A the nurse is talking to him B whom the nurse is talking C the nurse is talking to D who the nurse is talking 5.he showed me around the school he studied 3 years a
18、go.A that B where C when D on which 6.we admired him for the way he faced his difficulties.多选 A.that B.in that C.in which D./7.The place impressed us most during this travel to He Bei Province is the blue sea in Qinghuangdao City.A.where B when C which D what 8.As a child,Jack studied in a village s
19、chool,is named after his grandfather.2010全国 A which B where C what D that 9.I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault.A who B that C as D what 10.Stephen hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.2010福建 A that B where C wh
20、ose D which 11.I have become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English corner.2010湖南 A who B where C when D which 12.The newly built caf,the walls of are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work.2010江苏 A that B it C what D whi
21、ch 13.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister she should stay for an hour.A where B who C which D that 14.Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.2010上东 A that B which C whose D what 15.It was in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on
22、the moon.A that B when C which D in which 16._Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers I go.Its only 15.2010 天津 A as B which C where D that 17.This place is home to 1000 people,many of left their homes for a better life.2010浙江 A whom B them C which D those 18.
23、That tree,the branches are almost bare,is very old.A whose B of which C of which D on which 19.Is this the factory you visited last month?A that B where C in which D the one 20.The wolves hid themselves in the places couldnt be found.A that B where C in which D in that非限制性定从 vs 限制定从限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不可
24、或缺，去掉意思不明确补充说明，去掉不影响句意没有逗号有逗号分开可用that不可以用thatWhile at university,she wrote a screen play,which she is hoping to sell to a top film company.She plans to use the money from this to realize her dream,which is to set up and run a company!First,we can see that students put the most time-93 minutes into t
25、heir homework.Next is watching TV,which takes up 46 minutes.more harmoniously.The fire resulted from an electric stove,which was used to boil water and forgotten to be turned off.In my opinion,teachers should give less homework to students to finish so that they can have more time to do what they li
26、ke,which can help them develop their abilities.As you know,it always takes me a lot of time to practice and take part in games.As is known to all，Liuzhou is working hard to become one of the civilized cities in our country.As we all know,Liuzhou is working hard to become one of the civilized cities
27、in our country.Moreover,listening test is unfair to the students in the areas,where radio signals cannot be picked up effectively.，非限制性定从常见模板aswhich完整的句子 which从句可前面整个句子/一部分完整的句子，as从句(前面整个句子)As we all know=as is known to us all 就是非限定从就是非限定从as从句，完整的句子若which代一部分去逗就变限wherewhoa personwho的句子，谓语成分以地点结尾的一句话，where从句(前地点)，去逗就变限去逗就变限 结果结果,时间时间,原因状语从句原因状语从句 2while引导的表示对比的状语从句引导的表示对比的状语从句 3？although引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 3条件状语从句和让步状语从句条件状语从句和让步状语从句 4书本Thanks!
