1、状语从句 状语从句是由从句来充当状语的句子，其在句子中可修饰谓语动词(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或整个句子。它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句引导词例句时间状语从句while(谓语动词必须 是延续性动词),when(谓语动词可以是终止 性的，也可以延续性的),as(当的时候，强调“一边一边”)Please keep quiet while/when others are studying.当别人正在学习时，请保持安静。When I went into the lab,the teacher was doing an experiment.(此处 wh
2、en 不能换成 while)当我走 进实验室时，老师正在做实验。As/When/While I was walking down the street,I noticed a police car.当我沿着大街散步时，我注意到一辆警车。till/until(直到),not.until/till(直 到才)They played volleyball until/till it got dark.(延续性动词)他们打排球直到天黑才结束。He didnt go to bed until/till his father came back.(非延续性动词)直到他父亲回来他才睡觉。一、状语从句的引导词
3、状语从句引导词例句 地点状语 从句 where,wherever Make a mark where you have a question.在你有 问题的地方标个记号。Sit wherever you like.坐在你喜欢的地方。条件状语 从句(真实/非真实)if(不能用whether替换),unless,so/aslong as,on conditionthat,so/as far as,ifonly(if)If he is not in the office,he must be out for lunch.如果他不在办公室，那一定是出去吃午饭了。You may borrow the b
4、ook so long as you keep it clean.你可以借这本书，只要你让它保持干净。原因状语 从句 because,since,as He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.昨天他必须待在家里，因为他病了。Since everyone is here,now lets begin.大家都 到齐了，现在开始。结果状语 从句 so that,so.that,such.that He was so excited that he jumped from the sofa.他如此激动以至于他从沙发上跳了下来。续表状语从句
5、引导词例句 目的状语 从句 so,so that,in order that,in case(以防，以免)Speak clearly,so that they may understand you.说清楚些以便他们都能听懂。He left early in case he should miss the train.他 早早地离开，以防误了火车。让步状语 从句 although,though,as,even if/though,however,whatever,whether.or,no matterwho/when/what.Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他
6、还是个孩子，他却知道很多。Whatever(No matter what)you say,Ill never change my mind.不管你说什么，我都不会改 变主意。比较状语 从句 than,so/as.as,themore.the more.I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.我犯的错误比你犯的多得多。The busier he is,the happier he feels.越忙他觉 得越快乐。方式状语 从句 as,as if/though,theway,rather than.You must do the exercise
7、 as I show you.你必须 按照我教你的去做练习。He acted as if nothing had happened.从他的举 止行为看，似乎什么也没发生过。续表状语从句讲解一、时间状语从句1when，while，as的特殊点(1)表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。(2)when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，突然”，常用于下列句式：be about to do-when;be doing-when;be on the point of doing-when;sb.had just done sth.when-(3)表达“随着”或“一边一边”
8、的含义时，一般用as。(4)as作“当时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。(5)while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。【例1】_ the days went on，the weather got worse.AWith BSince CWhile DAs答案D【例2】_ you are at home alone，please dont leave the door open.AUntil BWhile CBefore DAs答案B2表示“一就”的时间状语从句(1)as soon as常用一般现在时表将来。(2)hardly/scarcely.when.或no sooner.than.结
9、构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓语用一般过去时。把no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序(3)表 示 时 间 概 念 的 副 词 充 当 连 词，如：immediately，directly，instantly等。(4)“the瞬间名词”，如：the moment，the minute，the second等。【例3】Just use this room for the time being，and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.(2010安徽)Aas soon as Bunles
10、sCas far as Duntil答案A【例4】She had _ sat down _ the telephone rang.Ahardly；than Bhardly；whenCno sooner；when Dno sooner；as答案B【例5】I went to see him _ I heard from him.Awhen BwhileCas Dimmediately答案D3以time结尾的短语引导时间状语从句every/each time，(the)next time，(the)last time，the first time，any time，by the time等短语也可用
11、作连词，引导时间状语从句。【例6】I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.Afirst time Bfor the first timeCthe first time Dby the first time答案C【例7】I seem to remember that _ we met I did most of the talking.Athe last time Bevery timeCat the time DA and B答案D4since引导时间状语从句的用法(1)主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。(2)若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作
12、的终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。(3)固定句型：It is/has been段时间since一般过去时。【例8】Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society.Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined Djoined答案D【例9】What was the party like?Wonderful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince答案D【例10】Do yo
13、u smoke?_.Its three years since I smoked.AYes，I do BYes，I dontCNo，I dont DNo，I do答案C5until/till引导时间状语从句的用法(1)用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词是延续性的，表示相应动作结束的时间。如：He worked until five oclock.他一直工作到五点钟。(2)用于否定句中，主句的谓语动词一般是短暂性的，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到才”如：He didnt begin to work until five oclock.直到五点钟他才开始工作。【例11】A good storytel
14、ler must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.Auntil Bunless Cwhen Dafter答案A注：not.until可用于强调句或倒装句中。如：I didnt know it until he came back.It was not until he came back that I knew it.强调句Not until he came back did I know it.倒装句6once引导时间状语从句的用法once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味，译为“
15、一旦”。【例12】_ they decide which college to go to，s t u d e n t s s h o u l d r e s e a r c h t h e a d m i s s i o n procedures.(2010北京)AAs BWhile CUntil DOnce答案D7before引导时间状语从句的用法表示“在之前”。常用的句型：It will be some time before.意为“要过一段时间才”。It was long before-很久才 It wasnt long before-不久就-【例13】John thinks it w
16、ont be long _ he is ready for his new job.(2010陕西)Awhen Bafter Cbefore Dsince答案C【例14】Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.Awhen Buntil Cbefore Dafter答案C注：before的反义词是after，两者可以转换。如：We had stayed here four days before we went home.After we had stayed
17、here four days，we went home.8whenever的用法whenever表示“无论何时”，相当于every time/each time。【例15】_ I come to Beijing，I call at my teachers home.ABy the time BWhileCWhenever DWhen答案C/D二、条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的连词主要有if“如果”，unless“除非”(=if-not)，as/so long as“只要”，on condition that“只要”，supposing“假设”，providing/provided“倘若”等。
18、【例16】Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it?Well，that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.(2010江西)Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough答案A【例17】The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.(2010全国)Aor Bunless Cbut Dwhether答案B【例18】The bell is rung _ there is a fire.Aeven Bthat Ci
19、f Dalthough答案C2in case也可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，万一”。【例19】_ I forget，please remind me about it.AIn case BAs BUnless DThough答案A3.“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+简单句”句型，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Hurry up,or else youll be late.One step further,and the car will hit you.三、原因状语从句1because引导原因状语从句的用法(1)含有很强的因果关系，
20、回答why的提问，一般只用because。(2)在强调句型中，如强调原因状语从句，只用because引导这个从句。【例20】Why didnt he come yesterday?_ he had something important to do.ABecause BAs CSince DFor答案A【例21】It was _ I was ill that I didnt go to school.Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor答案A2since，as引导原因状语从句的用法表示已知或明显的原因，通常放于主句之前。since比as更正式一些，since“既然”，as“由于”。
21、【例22】_ everyone is here，lets begin.ABecause BSince CFor DBecause of答案B注：表示“既然”的连词还有now that/when等。【例23】_ you wouldnt like to go there，you might as well stay here.AEven if BSince CNow that DWhen答案B/C/D3for表示原因的用法for表示原因时属于并列连词，不能放在句首，有时表因果关系(此时可与because等换用)，有时不表因果关系，而是对前一分句的内容加以解释或推断(此时不与because等换用)。
22、【例24】(1)The ground is wet，_ it rained last night.(2)It rained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning.(3)It must have rained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning.Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor答案(1)A/B/C/D(2)D(3)D4在sorry，glad等表示“情感”的形容词后的连词在表示“情感”的形容词后由that引导原因状语从句。【例25】Im sorry _ I havent met h
23、im.Abecause Bsince Cas Dthat答案D四、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where“在的地方”，wherever“无论什么地方”。【例26】_ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend.AWhat BWhere CWhether DWherever答案D【例27】She found her calculator _ she lost it.是状语从句Athat Bwhere Cin which Dwhen答案B【例28】This is the factory _ her mother worked last year.
24、是定语从句Athat BwhereCin which Dwherever答案B/C五、目的状语从句1so that和in order that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语常用情态动词can(could)，may(might)，will(would)等。【例29】I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.Asince Bso thatCas if DUnless答案B【例30】He opened the window _ fresh air might come in.Asince Bsuch thatCin order that Das if答案C2in c
25、ase，for fear that也可引导目的状语从句，意为“以防”。【例31】John may phone tonight.I dont want to go out _ he phones.Aunless Bin caseCso that Dthough答案B六、结果状语从句1常用so that，so/such.that引导。2须注意这几种结构：soadj.a/an可数名词单数；sucha/anadj.可数名词单数；suchadj.可数名词复数或不可数名词。3结果状语从句中谓语常不用情态动词。【例32】She told us _ story that we all forgot the t
26、ime.Asuch an interesting Bsuch interesting aCso an interesting Da so interesting答案A【例33】It was _ that all of us went out for a walk.Asuch fine weather Bso fine weatherCsuch fine a day Dso a fine day答案A注：如果可数名词复数或不可数名词前有many，much，few，little(少)修饰时，用so而不用such。如：I have so few relatives that I feel lonel
27、y.我几乎没有什么亲属，(结果)我感到孤独。【例34】_ little children got _ little information.ASo；such BSo；soCSuch；so DSuch；such答案C七、让步状语从句1although/though引导让步状语从句的用法表示“虽然”，二者一般可通用。但用作副词(置于句末，用逗号隔开，意为“可是、然而”)时，一般只用though。【例35】_ she is young，she knows quite a lot.ABefore BHoweverCAlthough DUnless答案C【例36】We agreed to meet he
28、re.He hasnt turned up，_.Abut BhoweverCalthough Dthough答案D2as引导让步状语从句的用法as引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。(若是名词，其前一般不用冠词。)【例37】_，he cant know everything.AAs he is clever BAs clever he isCClever as he is DA teacher as he is 答案C【例38】Try _ I may，I dont think Ill succeed.Aas Beven ifCalthough Dth
29、ough答案A/D3even if，even though引导让步状语从句的用法表示“即使”，二者一般可通用。【例39】Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise.(2010湖南)Aif Beven thoughCunless Das long as答案B4“no matter疑问词”的用法no matter疑问词(who，which，what，when，where，how)引导让步状语从句时，表示“无论”，分别等于whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever，howev
30、er。【例40】Nobody believed him _ what he said.Aeven though Bin spiteCno matter Dalthough答案C【例41】_ troublesome the problem is，he faces it with patience.AHowever BDespiteCNo matter DAlthough答案A【例42】_ great difficulties the future may have in store for us，we will keep up until we finally achieve our goals
31、.AHowever BWheneverCWherever DWhatever答案D5whether.or引导让步状语从句的用法表示一正一反的概念，常译作“不管”，从句常用省略形式。【例43】_ sick _ well，she is always happy.ANeither；nor BEither；orCWhether；or DBoth；and答案C6when/while引导让步状语从句的用法表示“虽然”。【例44】They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.Aif BbecauseCwhen Dwhere答案C【例45】_
32、I admit that there are problems，I dont think that they cannot be solved.AUnless BUntil CAs DWhile答案D八、方式状语从句1as if/as though引导方式状语从句的用法表示“好像”，从句谓语有时用陈述语气，有时用虚拟语气。【例46】He treats me well _ I were his father.Aas Blike Cas if Deven if答案C【例47】She had a tense expression on her face，_ she was expecting tro
33、uble.Aeven though Bas thoughCso that Dnow that答案B2as引导方式状语从句的用法表示“像一样”；“照方式”等含义。【例48】We must live _ Lei Feng lived.Alike Bas Cas if Deven if答案B【例49】Do rememer that you must do everything _ you are told to.Awhat Bwhich Cas Dif答案C3what引导方式状语从句的用法what引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B
34、的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样”。【例50】Reading is to the mind _ food is to the body.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dof which答案A九、比较状语从句1as原级as(用于肯定句或否定句)；so原级as(用于否定句)。2比较级：more.than。3the more.，the more.。前面是从句，后面是主句。当主句是将来时时，从句须用一般现在时代替将来时。【例51】The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did.Aas faster as Bso faster thanCso faster as Das fast as答案D【例52】The longer the period _，the higher the interest rate _.Awill be；will be Bis；wasCwill be；is Dis；will be答案D
