1、 被动语态被动语态一、什么是语态?一、什么是语态?语态是英语动词的一种表现形式,用来说明语态是英语动词的一种表现形式,用来说明主语和主语和谓语动词之间谓语动词之间的关系。的关系。二、语态的种类:二、语态的种类:男孩男孩 吃吃 男孩是吃这个动作的执行者,它们之间的关系男孩是吃这个动作的执行者,它们之间的关系就是主动关系。就是主动关系。蛋糕蛋糕 吃吃 蛋糕是吃这个动作的承受者,它们之间的关系蛋糕是吃这个动作的承受者,它们之间的关系是被动关系。是被动关系。(1)主动语态)主动语态 (2)被动语态)被动语态 三、什么是主动语态?什么是被动语态?三、什么是主动语态?什么是被动语态?主动语态表示主语是动作
2、的执行者;主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。e.g.She often cleans the house.主动语态主动语态 The house is often cleaned by her.被动语态被动语态 cleaned 不是过去时,因为不是过去时,因为be动词和行为动动词和行为动词不可能同时存在。它是过去分词,表示被动词不可能同时存在。它是过去分词,表示被动的含义。的含义。Is是说明了此句为一般现在时。是说明了此句为一般现在时。四、被动语态的构成四、被动语态的构成:be+及物及物动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(PP)注意:注意:
3、被动语态中人称、数和时态的变被动语态中人称、数和时态的变化是通过化是通过be的变化表现出来的。的变化表现出来的。典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个主动语态变被动语态 方法:1、宾语变主语 2、谓语变被动形式 时态不变 3、主语变成by的宾语 不强调时可省略 We study English.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 English is studied by us.典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个 二、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由被动语态由助动词助动词be及物动词的
4、过去分词及物动词的过去分词构构成。成。人称、数和时态人称、数和时态的变化是通过的变化是通过be的变化的变化表表现出来的。现以现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。时态中的构成。时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在时一般现在时 speak/speaks一般过去时一般过去时 spoke一般将来时一般将来时 will/shall/be going to speakam/is/arespokenwas/werespokenwill/shall/be going to+be spoken典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个
5、背一个过去分词见一个背一个be+PP被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化考点一考点一:典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken一般现在时的被动语态:一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+PP典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个2.The lost boy _ at the str
6、eet corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般过去时的被动语态:一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+PP典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个3.More man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be sent up C.are sent up一般将来时的被动语态:一般将来时的被动语态:will+be+PPbe going to+be+PP典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾
7、过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built现在完成时的被动语态:现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+PP典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个5.Flowers _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词情态动词+be+PP典型例题典型例题
8、巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个课堂练习课堂练习(一)改写句子(一)改写句子1.We plant trees in spring every year._ by us in spring every year.2.She posted the letter yesterday._ by her yesterday.3.Mr Turner gave me a birthday present._a birthday present by Mr Turner.4.Mom
9、cooked a big meal for the party._ by Mom for the party.5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow._ by you tomorrow.6.She is going to write a letter._ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA big meal was cookedYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩
10、固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个1.A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China.A.must B.must be C.has D.have 2.His car _ tomorrow.A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个3.That kind of shirts _ cotton.A.is made from B.are
11、 made from C.is made of D.are made of4.My suit are made _ cotton and _ Shanghai.A.from,in B.of,in C.of,by D.from,by 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个5.What is this _ in English?A.Calls B.calling C.call D.called 6.They _ day and night.A.are made work B.are made to work C.made to be worked
12、D.are making to work 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个7.What _ the forest in China in the last 10 years?A.has happened to B.was happened C.has happened at D.has been happened to 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个8.Many bridges _ over the river since liberation.A.are built B.Have
13、 built C.built D.have been built9.The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city.A.be building B.build C.be built D.built典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个10.We cant use the bridge now,because it _.A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is being repaired 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练
14、习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个11.Many high buildings _ in our city since I came here.A.have been built B.have built C.has been built D.has built12.You can go out if your homework _.A.is done B.will do C.will be done D.are finished典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个13.If he_ enough time,he will
15、 come up with an idea.A.gives B.will give C.is given D.will be given14.A new film is going to _ this Sunday.A.show B.showing C.be shown D.be showing典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个15.The old man was quite weak after the accident,so he must _.A.be taken care B.take care of C.be looked aft
16、er D.look after 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个The Attributive ClauseThe Attributive Clause 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句定语从句。被定语从。被定语从句修饰的名词或词叫做句修饰的名词或词叫做先行词先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后,。定语从句必须放在先行词之后,对其先行词起限定作用。对其先行词起限定作用。This is Tom.Tom gave us a talk yesterday.This is Tom.Tom
17、 gave us a talk yesterday.This is This is TomTom who(that)gave us a talk yesterdaywho(that)gave us a talk yesterday.先行词先行词 定语从句定语从句 定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关关系代词系代词包括包括that,which,who(宾格(宾格whom,所有格,所有格whose)等,等,关系副词关系副词包括包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副等。关系代词和关系副词放在先
18、行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。的重要成分。典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个2.只能使用只能使用that,不用不用which 的情况:的情况:a.当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词,如,如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one等时。等时。如:如:All that can be done has been done.I didnt mean this one;I mean the
19、 one that was bought yesterday.b.先行词(指物的)前面有先行词(指物的)前面有only,few,one of,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时等词修饰时Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.Ive read all the books that can be borrowed here.c.先行词被序数词先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰等或形容词的最高级修饰时时This is the first letter that Ive written in Jap
20、anese.She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known.d.当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个1.He is the only person()knows the secret.2
21、.We went to the farm()was not far away from our school last month.3.The person()is talking to Mr.Li is Jims father.4.Do you know anyone()knows about the history of the Ming Tombs.5.They talked about the teachers and things()they remembered in school.选用适当的关系代词填空选用适当的关系代词填空(who,which,that)thatwhich/th
22、atwho/thatthat who/that典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个首先我们来看一个例句:首先我们来看一个例句:The cartoons I like have lots of jokes.Attributive clause先行词先行词这个句子中定语从句的引导词被省略这个句子中定语从句的引导词被省略了。这句话完整的应该是:了。这句话完整的应该是:The cartoons(that/which)I like have lots of jokes.引导词在从句中作宾语引导词在从句中作宾语典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习
23、回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个为什么引导词作宾语可以省略呢?为什么引导词作宾语可以省略呢?因为省略后的从句仍然是完整的,因为省略后的从句仍然是完整的,有主语、谓语,我们仍然可以分辨有主语、谓语,我们仍然可以分辨出哪部分是定语从句。出哪部分是定语从句。但是,但是,如果引导词在从句中作主语如果引导词在从句中作主语就不能省略。就不能省略。典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个如:如:Id love to have a teacher who was a cartoonist.He could make lessons that are
24、usually boring more interesting.Attributive clause引导词在从句中作主语引导词在从句中作主语Attributive clause引导词在从句中作主语引导词在从句中作主语典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个2.Join the sentences with which,that or who,if necessary.1 Tintin is a boy reporter.He has lots of adventures all around the world.Tintin is a boy r
25、eporter_ _.2 The writer is David.He has written many wonderful characters.The writer _ _ is David.who has lots of adventures all around the world who has written many wonderful characters典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个3 The cartoon is called Havoc in Heaven.It tells the story of a monke
26、y.The Cartoon_ _is called Havoc in Heaven.4 Mr Black did a lot of study.The study can be found in his drawings.The study_ can be found in his drawings.which/that tells the story of a monkey that/which Mr Black did典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个学习关系代词学习关系代词whosewhose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系代词关系代
27、词whosewhose表示表示“的的”,是关系代词,是关系代词whowho、whichwhich的所有格,因此既可指人,也可指物。的所有格,因此既可指人,也可指物。在从句中,在从句中,whosewhose作定语修饰名词,被修饰词可以作定语修饰名词,被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。He is the He is the boyboy whose pen I borrowed whose pen I borrowed yesterday.yesterday.They cleaned the house They cleaned the house whose
28、whose windows windows face south.face south.The gentleman,with The gentleman,with whosewhose daughter I daughter I worked,looked down upon women.worked,looked down upon women.典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个Complete the instructions for the games,using who or whose4.wants to go to a spor
29、ts school.1._ favourite hobby is watching TV.2.favourite exercise is running.3.never eats junk food.Find someone in the class5._ father is a good cook.Someone who/whoseiswhosewhosewhowhowhose典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个单项填空单项填空1.-Do you know the man _is talking with your fathe?-Yes,h
30、es our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom2.This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it 3.Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it 4.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agr
31、ees B.who agreeC.who agrees D.which agree课时训练课时训练BCAC典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个前缀、后缀构词法前缀、后缀构词法Word Formation(Prefix and Suffix)词词根根re-in(m)-un-dis-意意义义再再/又又不不/无无不不/无无不不/无无例例子子rewrite incorrectuneasy dislikereuseimpossibleimpoliteuntrue disagree典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分
32、词见一个背一个词词根根anti-ableful-less意意义义反对反对/防防止止能够能够充满充满少的少的/没有没有例例子子anti-pollutionmovablehelpful carelessanti-wareatable hopefulusefuluseless典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个词词根根-ness-(t)ion-er/or-ly-al意意义义构成构成名词名词构成构成名词名词构成构成名词名词构成构成副词副词构成形容构成形容词词例例子子kindnessinventionteachercarefullynationalha
33、ppinesspollutionvisitorquicklynatural拓展:拓展:典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个Have you ever seen these words before?1.readread_ teachteach_ inventinvent_ visitvisit_ 2.healthhealth_ luckluck_ hopehope_ use-use_ 3.carefulcareful_ wonderfulwonderful_ 4.discussdiscuss_ pollutepollut_ kindkind_
34、 seriousserious_ 5.interestinterest_ worryworri_ Can you learn something from these words?GrammarNumbers数词数词在英语中,对于万以上的数字,我们在英语中,对于万以上的数字,我们改如何表达呢?这就要记住英语数字改如何表达呢?这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例:读法特点。以下面一个数字为例:6,500,431,729hundredthousandmillionbillion注意每三个数为一个单位,按照百、注意每三个数为一个单位,按照百、十、个向下读。十、个向下读。6,500,431,
35、729seven hundred and twenty-nine thousandmillionbillionsix billion,five hundred million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,hundredArticles典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个 名词前需加定冠词名词前需加定冠词the 特指特指 the girl,the picture on the wall 独一无二的事物独一无二的事物 the sun,the moon,the world 序数序数/最高级最高级 the
36、 first day,the most important 乐器乐器 play the piano 专有名词专有名词 the Great Wall 习语习语 in the classroom 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个 零冠词(零冠词(名词前不加名词前不加the)代词代词/冠词(不同时用)冠词(不同时用)my book,a book,an apple 学科学科/球类球类/三餐三餐/四季四季 English,football,have lunch,in spring 复数表泛指复数表泛指 doctors 颜色颜色/乘坐交通工具乘坐交通
37、工具 in red/by bus,by bike 专有名词专有名词 China,Beijing 称呼语称呼语/习语习语 Tom,at school,on duty 典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过去分词见一个背一个过去分词见一个背一个 如何判断?如何判断?1.先看单词首字母先看单词首字母(1).辅音辅音 用用a a boy,a girl(2).元音元音(a,e,i,o,u)用用an,2.再看首字母的发音再看首字母的发音 发发元音元音用用an an apple 发发半元音(半元音(j,w)用用a a usual thing,a useful man,a university1.
38、Write a,an or the Where necessary.Mina lives in a-big city.She is(1)_ eighteen-year-old girl.Shes got.(2)_ brother and(3)_sister.Mina is(4)_ oldest child in(5)_ family.(6)_city where she lives is very big.(7)_ population is more than 10 million.Mina doesnt have(8)_education.She has(9)_job working in
39、(10)_factory.She hopes that one day she will have(11)_chance to go to(12)_school.anaathetheThe The anaaa/1.No news _ good news.I think hell be back soon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.Maths _ my favourite subject.A.are B.is C.amD.be3.Half of the class _ most of the work.Some of the work_ really difficult.A.h
40、ave done,is B.has done,are C.has done,is D.have done,are4.In our class _ of the students _girls.A.three fifth,are B.three fifths,are C.third fifth,is D.three fifths,is5.Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now.A.is not B.am getting C.are gettingD.is getting6.Are there any fish in the lake now?No._ any water in it in winter.A.There isnt B.There arent C.It isnt D.They arent9.Twenty minutes _ not enough for you to finish it.A.were B.has C.are D.is10.There _ an apple and some oranges on the table.A.is B.are C.has D.have