1、2022-8-51词的翻译n词义的选择n词义的引申2022-8-52词义的选择n英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义现象。一词多类指一个词属于几个不同的词类，具有几个不同的词义。一词多义指一个词在同一个词类中有几个不同的词义。q根据词类选择词义 q根据上下文选择词义 q根据词的联立关系确定词义q根据词的使用场合2022-8-53根据词类选择词义(1)n首先弄清这个词在句子中的词性，然后再确定它的词义。qAn electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of
2、 an atom.电子是围绕围绕原子核转动转动的带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）qThe earth goes round the sun.地球围绕围绕太阳运动。（介词）2022-8-54根据词类选择词义(2)qRound surface reflector is a key unit for the solar energy device.弯曲弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。（形容词）qThe tree measures about one meter round.这棵树树围树围约一米。（副词）qThis is the whole round of knowledge。这就是全部的知
3、识范围。（名词）2022-8-55根据上下文选择词义nThe electronic microscope possesses very high resolving power compared with the optical microscope.与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨分辨率率（分辨能力）。nPower can be transmitted over a long distance.电力电力能远距离传输。nA car needs a lot of power to go fast.汽车高速行驶需要很大的动力动力。2022-8-56根据词的联立关系确定词义nUnivers
4、al meter 万用表nUniversal motor 交直流两用电动机（通用式）nUniversal valve 万向阀nUniversal contact 万能接头 nUniversal constant 普适常量nUniversal rules 普遍规律2022-8-57根据词的联立关系确定词义nLow damping弱阻尼nLow limit下限nLow life下层社会生活nLow key低音调键nLow brake低速制动nLow order低位2022-8-58使用场合的提示nOperational order 操作指令nOrder of a differential equa
5、tion 微分方程的阶nTechnical order 技术规程nOrder of connection 接通次序nOrder of poles 极点的重数nWorking order 工序nOrder for 订单nOrder of magnitude 数量级2022-8-59词义的引申n在翻译时，经常会发现某些词在字典上找不到适当的词义。如果生搬硬套，译文则生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至有时造成误译。这时，我们应根据上下文的语义及逻辑关系，将词义适当地加以引申。n引申是汉译表达过程中的一种再创造。掌握这种方法，可使译文生动、准确。n引申词义要从该词的基本词义出发从该词的基本词义出发，以其
6、基本词义作为引申的基准点。n词义引申的基本方法q基本词义专业化q基本词义概括化或抽象化q基本词义具体化或形象化2022-8-510词义的引申(续)n基本词义专业化q Whichever way the two two-way switches are left,one of the wires is“alive”and the other is dead.无论这两个双路开关合在哪一边，两根导线中总有一根是带电带电的，一根是不带电不带电的。q The adjustment screw has stops at both sides.调整螺钉的两端设有档块档块。2022-8-511词义的引申(续)
7、n概括化或抽象化引申The plan for launching the man-made satellite still lies on the table.发射人造卫星的计划仍被搁置搁置。Military strategy may bear some similarity to the chessboard(棋盘)but it is dangerous to carry the analogy too far 打仗打仗同下棋下棋可能有某些相似之处，但如果把这 两者之间的类比搞过了头则是危险的。2022-8-512词义的引申(续)n概括化或抽象化引申qThe book is too high
8、-powered for technician in general.high-powered：马力大的，大功率的。这本书对一般技术人员来说内容太深奥内容太深奥。qIndustrialization and environmental degradation seem to go hand in hand.Hand in hand:携手，密切合作 工业化发展似乎总伴随伴随着环境的退化。2022-8-513词义的引申(续)n具体化或形象化引申qThe shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is precision c
9、asting.把原料加工成成品的最直接最直接的方法是精密加工qThe foresight and coverage shown by the inventor of the process are most commendable.这种方法的发明者表现出的远见卓识和渊博知识渊博知识，使人印象深刻。2022-8-514词义的引申(续)n具体化或形象化引申qWhile this restriction on the size of the circuit holds,the law is valid.只要电路尺寸符合上述限制，这条定律就适用这条定律就适用于该电路于该电路。qThis suggest
10、s that matter can be converted into energy,and vice versa.这就是说物质可以转换为能量，能量也可以转能量也可以转化为物质（反之亦然）。化为物质（反之亦然）。2022-8-515词义的引申(续)n名词的词义引申 IPC took over an immense range of tasks from workers muscles and brains.工控机取代了工人大量的体力体力和脑力劳动n副词的词义引申 The thicker the wire,the more freely it will carry current.导线越粗，就越易易导电
