1、直接引语变间接引语面面观直接引语变间接引语面面观张媛媛直接引语变间接引语面面观直接引语变间接引语面面观一、如何变人称：一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：主语的人称变化如：She said.My brother wants to go shopping with me.”She said her brother
2、wanted to go shopping with her.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate.How is your sister now?”He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直
3、接引语变间接引语时。如是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.二二.如何变时态：如何变时态：1.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句时态则无需变化。从句时态则无需变化。Hesays:“thatsallright.”Hesaysthatisallright.Hisfriendsays:“mymotherwillbring
4、meagift.”Hisfriendsayshismotherwilltakehimagift.2.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本原则是：往过去的方向推一时态。基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，1.Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.一般现在时一般现在时-（一般过去时（一般过去时）2.Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”She
5、saidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.一般将来时一般将来时-（过去将来时）过去将来时）Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”Shesaidshewasreadingabook.现在进行时现在进行时-（过去进行时过去进行时）直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时canmay过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成
6、时过去完成时couldmight1.Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.2.Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.3.Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.4.Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”Hesaidhe
7、getsupatsixeverymorning.5.(could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”(oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态 不变不变Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”
8、Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引语是直接引语是客观真理客观真理。Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引语中有具体的过去直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日某年、某月、某日作状语，作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.直接引语是直接引语是过去进行时过去
9、进行时，时态不变。，时态不变。He said,“I get up at six every morning。”He said he gets up at six every morning.直接引语如果是直接引语如果是一般现在时一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变（例：（例：could,should,would,might）The doctor said,“You should stay in bed for 2 days.”The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 d
10、ays.”如果直接引语中的如果直接引语中的情态动词情态动词没有过去时的形式不再没有过去时的形式不再变变例：例：ought to，had better,used to Peter said.You had better come here today.Peter said I had better go there that day.和已经是过去时的形式时，和已经是过去时的形式时，三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语时间状语由由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来”（例：（例：now变为变为then,yesterd
11、ay变为变为 the day before today变为变为 that day He said,”I want to go swimming now.”He said he wanted to go swimming then.地点状语地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，尤其表示方向性的，here 变变 there The teacher said,“You should come here at 7:00.”The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.指示代词指示代词修饰的状语，由修饰的状语，由“此此”改为改为“彼彼”例：例：this 改为改为that H
12、e said,This books is mine.“He said that book was his.直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语时间状语nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningthreedaysagothreedaysbeforeLastweektheweekbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextyearthenextyear地点地点状语状语herethere动词动词comego四、如何变句型：四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为
13、由that引导 的宾语从句。She said,Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由间接引语应改为由 whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句.He said,Can you swim,John?“He asked John if he could swim.Do you go to school by bus or by bik
14、e?He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序陈述句语序）。She asked me,When do they have their dinner?”She asked me when they had their dinner.She asked me,What was Jack doing when I come in?”She asked me
15、 what Jack was doing when she came in.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,order,beg等等)sb(not)to do sth.”句型句型。如：如：1.Dont make any noise,the teacher said to the students.She told(ordered)the students not to make any noise.2.“Open the door,please,said she.She asked him to open the door.直接引语如果
16、是以直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）动句词（或从句）”如如：He said,Lets go to the movies.He suggested going to the movies.或或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.直宾直宾-间宾间宾随堂练习随堂练习（答案：答案：.1-6CAABAB7-12BABDAB.1whatIshouldsay2.my,was3.whatIwasdoing4.thatIwas5.wouldgot
17、henext/followingday6.ifIliked7.hecouldntthat8.wherehiscame9.ifshewas10.toldtopasshim一道2009年山西省中考试题 How lovely the dog is！Can you tell me-A where did you get it？B where will you get it？C.where you got it？They asked me-during the May Day holidays.A.where had I gone B.where I had been C.where had I been
