1、在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语或状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语或是整个句子。是整个句子。状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,the moment,before,when,while,as,the moment,before,a
2、fter,till,until,since,as soon as after,till,until,since,as soon as 等。等。I will tell him when he comes back.I will tell him when he comes back.连接词连接词when的用法小结的用法小结1.when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词 可以是可延续可以是可延续 也可以是表短暂性动作的动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性非延续性)。如如When the film ended,the people went back.When I live
3、d there,I used to go to the seashore.2.可用作并列连词，其意义为可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时那时，这时”，相当于，相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：。常用于下列句式：(刚要刚要这时突然这时突然)记忆记忆 Sb.was doing something was about to do sth +when was on the point of doing sth.had just done sth I was walking along the street,when I met himI was about to f
4、all asleep when my sister came in.3.还可以表示原因还可以表示原因“既然既然”，相当于，相当于since;considering that。如：。如：Why do you walk when you have a car?既然你有车为什么要步行呢？.1 when1 when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词可以是延续性动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性非延续性)。When the film ended,the people went back.When the film ended,the
5、people went back.When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore.When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore.2 2 whenwhen表示表示“就在这时就在这时”在下列结构中，表示某件在下列结构中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。be about to do whenbe about to do whenbe doing whenbe doing whenhad done whenhad done whenWe were a
6、bout to start when it began to rain.We were about to start when it began to rain.I was playing computer games when mom I was playing computer games when mom came in.came in.1.while1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，在引导的动作必须是持续性的，在期间，期间，往往指一段时间。如：往往指一段时间。如：While we were talking,he came in.Please dont talk so loud w
7、hile others are working.2.while2.while作为并列连词，意为作为并列连词，意为“而，却而，却”，侧重，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。主句动作和从句动作相对比。We are cleaning the classroom while We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the footballthey are playing the football.3.while3.while可表示尽管，相当于可表示尽管，相当于althoughalthough。while 含义：While I was wal
8、king down the street,I came across an old friend.(while=_)He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.(while=_)While I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.(while=_)While there is life there is hope.(while=_)whenalthoughas long as but1 1whilewhile引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续
9、的，可延续的，而而whenwhen引导的时间状语从句的谓语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也动词是可延续的，也 可以是表短暂性动作的动词。可以是表短暂性动作的动词。When/While he was eating his breakfast,he When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.When I stopped my car,a man came up to m
10、e.(不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用whenwhen，不，不可用可用while)while)2 2表示表示“随着随着”，连词用，连词用asas，不用，不用whenwhen或或whilewhile。AsAs the day went on,the weather got worse.the day went on,the weather got worse.3 3如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，行的动作时，when,while when
11、,while 与与as as 可互换使用。可互换使用。When/While/As When/While/As I was walking down the I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.street,I came across an old friend of mine.4.4.从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用whenwhen引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用asas或或whilewhile。WhenWhen you have finished y
12、our work,you may have you have finished your work,you may have a rest.a rest.WhenWhen the children had gone to bed,she began to the children had gone to bed,she began to prepare her lessons.prepare her lessons.We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.We hadnt run a mile before he f
13、elt tired.Please write it down before you forget it.Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.“才”“不到就”“趁”“还没来得及”BeforeBefore从句中谓语不用否定式从句中谓语不用否定式 Before they reached the station,the train Before they reached the station,the train had gone.had gone.句型句型It will be/wasIt will be/was一段时间一段时间beforeb
14、efore“还还要过多久才要过多久才”句型句型It will be/was notIt will be/was not一段时间一段时间beforebefore“多久就多久就”It will be two years before he leaves the It will be two years before he leaves the country.country.It wasnt two years before he left the It wasnt two years before he left the country.country.在在it is/has been+it i
15、s/has been+段时间段时间+since+since从句中，时间从句中，时间的计算从的计算从sincesince从句的动作完成或状态结束时从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。算起。It is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I began to smoke.It is three years since I began to smoke.我不吸烟有三年了。我不吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了。since在it is
16、/has been+段时间+since从句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：It is three years since she was in our class.It is three years since he lived here 她离开我们班有三年了。他不住这儿有三年了。比较 it is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I began to smoke.我不吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了No sooner than-No sooner than-一一就就He had no
17、 sooner arrived than he went He had no sooner arrived than he went away again.away again.No sooner No sooner had he arrived thanhad he arrived than he went away he went away again.again.no sooner than no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装用于句首要求倒装Hardly whenHardly whenScarcely whenScarcely when1.until/till引导时间状语从句
18、用于肯定句时，主句的动词引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到 until/till所表示的时间，意为所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时某动作一直延续到某时 间点才停止间点才停止”。We waited until he came.We waited until he came.2 2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句词，从句 为肯定，意为为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”He wont go to bed till/until she
19、 He wont go to bed till/until she returns.returns.3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。可以。如：如：4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说句型中的强调和倒装说法：法：Until you told me I had no idea of Until you told me I had no idea of it.it.It was not until you told me that I had It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.any idea
20、 of it.Not until you told me did I have any Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.idea of it.It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.A.since B.when C.as D.that2.It was nearly a month _I received the It was nearly a month _I received the managers reply.managers r
21、eply.3.It was nearly 9 oclock It was nearly 9 oclock _ _ _I received the I received the managers reply.managers reply.4.It was nearly at 9 oclockIt was nearly at 9 oclock _I received the _I received the managers reply.managers reply.beforewhenthat 考点考点:易混淆句型易混淆句型 it is+时间时间+since before when that It
22、 is five years _he finished his research.It was five years _he finished his research.It was five years later _he finished his research.It was 5 oclock _ he got home.It was at 5 oclock _ he got home.whenthatsincebeforethatOnce you see him,you will Once you see him,you will never forget him.never forg
23、et him.Once -Once -一但一但就就引导状语从句的连接词有引导状语从句的连接词有:If,unless,as long as,in case,If,unless,as long as,in case,provided that,on condition provided that,on condition thatthatIf-如果如果If you dont hurry up,you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow,the flight will be canceled.If you leave at 6 oclock tomorr
24、ow morning,youd better get to bed now.Unless-如果不如果不,除非除非=if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight=We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.He will not join us unless he changes his mind.As long as-只要只要W
25、e will succeed as long as we keep on trying.You cant play games as long as you remember the rules.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.As(so)far as-据据所知所知As far as I know,he speaks English very well.As/So far as I know,he is an expert on DNA.In case-假使假使,如果如果 万一万一The plane cannot take
26、 off in case it rains.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.Provided that 如果如果,有时省略有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.On condition t
27、hat-条件是条件是He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.注注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时则主句用将来时,从句用一般从句用一般现在时。现在时。If he arrives tomorrow,I will be waiting
28、 for him at the airport.He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverWhere-在地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands,there used to be some low,deserted houses.Where there is a will,there is a way.Wher
29、ever-无论哪里无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are,I will be right there waiting for you.在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most.我
30、们应该到最需要我们的地方去。原因状语从句原因状语从句 because,as,since,now that,和和considering that,for,seeing that 这六个连词都用这六个连词都用于表示表示原因于表示表示原因,但在语气上但在语气上一个比一个弱一个比一个弱.Because-因为因为,通常从句放在通常从句放在主句后主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.b
31、ecause 和和for的区别。的区别。for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。表示原因时，可位于句首。【误误】For he did not obey the rules,he was punished.【正正】Because he did not obey the rules,he was punished.As-因为因为,通常放在句首通常放在句首As it is quite windy today,he decidesAs he is honest and modest,a
32、ll his friends like him.Since-既然既然 因语气较弱因语气较弱,常常译为既然译为既然Since everybody has come,we can set off.Since the purser didnt tell us what to do,we can relax.Now that-既然既然Now that you are here,you can join us.Now that all airlines offer discount prices,we should do the same.considering that-顾及到顾及到 Consider
33、ing that they are just beginners,they are doing quite a good job.seeing that-由于由于 Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided toput the meeting off.结果状语从句结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,so that,sothatsuchthatSo that-太太以至于以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词后面应用形容词或副词,有时有时省略省略so只用只用thatBoeing 747 is so l
34、arge that people like to call it jet bomb.The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.So that-因而，以便，为了因而，以便，为了 有时有时so 可以省去可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.
35、Such that-太太以至以至于于 用法与用法与sothat相同，但相同，但such 后面应用名词。后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词引导目的状语从句的主要连词有有:that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lestLets take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.(So)that-以便以便,从句中常
36、常使从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等等 in order that-为了为了,与与so that 相同从句中常常使用一相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that-生怕生怕;为了防止为了防止(某事发生某事发生)He took the name down for fe
37、ar that he should forget it.The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.in case -万一万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case i
38、t rains.Lest-以防万一以防万一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time.比较状语从句比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：引导比较状语从句的连词有：Asas,not so(as)as,.than,the more the more.Asas-Asas-像像一样一样If yo
39、u dont want to miss the flight,you If you dont want to miss the flight,you need to be at the airport as early as need to be at the airport as early as possiblepossible.My grandma told me that her eyesight was My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as as good as 10 years before10 years befo
40、re.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the bodyfood for the body.Not so(as)as-Not so(as)as-不像不像The job is not so difficult as The job is not so difficult as I thought it would I thought it would bebe.The flight was not so/as harmful as The f
41、light was not so/as harmful as the captain the captain predictedpredicted.than-than-比比怎么样，用于事物间的比怎么样，用于事物间的比较，较，more more 后面用形容词或副词后面用形容词或副词People believe that being a stewardess is People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.better than most of the other jobs.I pers
42、onally think that the American movies are I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese onesmore interesting than Chinese onesThe more,the more-越越 越越The more he listened to that song,the less he enjoyed it.The more things a man is ashamed of,the more respectable he is
43、.必背：常见的比较句型。His father is twice double as old as he(is).His father is two times older than he.他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。Our new school is three times bigger than the old one.我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。Our new school is four times as big as the old ne.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。Our new school is fo
44、ur times the size of the old one.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。8.让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whetherAlthough,though-虽然虽然 although 和和though 可以互换，可以互换，但但although 常放在句首。常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。可以用于倒装。Although it was raining,the
45、 plane managed to take off.Although it was not his fault,he took all the blame.Though he did his best,he didnt succeed.Child though he was,he did quite well.As-尽管尽管 as 引导让步状语从引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。互换。Busy as he is,he never misses a football match.Hard as she works,she makes little
46、 progress.Even if/even though-即使即使Even if you dont like your boss,you should do your work.Even if you are not fond of flowers,you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.Even though I might be wrong,I will go my way.Even though his dean didnt mean it,he still felt embarrassed.However-不论，不论，howeve
47、r 引导让步状语从句时，句子引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装通常倒装He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.N o matter(what,when,where,how)-无论（什么，何时，无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）何地，怎样）The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result n
48、o matter when you get it.He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.I will find you no matter where you hide.Whatever-不管不管Whatever other people may say,she wont change her mind.Whatever you do,it wont affect our plan.While-尽管尽管While I have sympathy for you,I cant help you.While its none o
49、f my business,I will watch you.Whether-不管，常与不管，常与or not 连用连用Whether he is good or not,the company decided to send him abroad.Whether his proposal is practical or not,the department plans to adopt.9.方式状语从句方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由方式状语从句常由:as,as if,as thoughas-与与 一样一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do.Leave things as
50、 they are.as if,as though-仿佛仿佛,由由as if或或 as though引导的从句中可引导的从句中可用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting forsomeone.1._ you decide to take up,you should try to make it a success.A.If B.Whenever C.Unless D.Whatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily walk to the sta
