1、Usage of The Past Participle 非谓语动词指在句中表示一个动作但不能非谓语动词指在句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的词。充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的词。v-ing表主动，表进行表主动，表进行 v-ed表被动，表完成表被动，表完成 to do不定式表将来，表目的不定式表将来，表目的 The vase is broken.Hearing the news,he showed a surprised look.Directed by Hanhan,the movie is really popular.Tom finally had the book
2、 finished.Predicative(表语)Adverb(状语)Attribute(定语)Object complement(宾语补足语)v-ed 作表语作表语v-ed 作宾补作宾补v-ed 作定语作定语v-ed 作状语作状语v-edv-ed作表语 表示主语的某种性质或状态。表示主语的某种性质或状态。She was really touched beyond words.They are satisfied with their work.某些过去分词作表语用来表示人物所处的心某些过去分词作表语用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语一般是人，这类理状态或情感变化，其主语一般是人，这
3、类过去分词如：过去分词如：delighted,devoted,discouraged,astonished,frightened,excited,worried等可以等可以看做形容词。看做形容词。v-ed作定语 spoken English written exercises fallen leaves the advanced countries a used stamp a broken coin 英语英语口语口语 书面书面练习练习 落落叶叶 发达发达国家国家 一枚一枚用过的用过的邮票邮票 一枚一枚破损的破损的硬币硬币 v-ed表被动和完成v-ed表完成v-ed表被动v-ed表被动和/或完
4、成Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.terrified peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma pleased winnerpeople terrified of(cholera)seats reserved for water polluted by a room crowded of a winner pleased at children astonished at/by a vase broken by a door closed by the
5、 audience tired by an animal trapped in/byastonished childrena closed door the tired audience a trapped animal a broken vase 单个单个过去分词作过去分词作前置前置定语；定语；过去分词过去分词短语短语作作后置后置定语定语 v-ed作定语相当于定语从句。作定语相当于定语从句。He was a teacher respected by all his students.He was a teacher who was respected by all his students.
6、I dont know the girl who was caught in the snow storm.I dont know the girl caught in the snow storm.The boy who was knocked down by the car was crying.The boy knocked down by the car was crying.Translation 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊!How I regretted the hours_!How I regretted the hours _!我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服
7、。我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。I like wearing clothes _ I like wearing clothes _.在树林浪费的这种布料做的wasted in the woodsmade of this kind of clothwhich were wasted in woodswhich are made of this kind of cloth 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。The books _are popular 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Well go to visit the bridge _ 鲁迅写的书建于几百年前
8、的建于几百年前的written by Lu Xun built hundreds of years agov-ing与v-ed作定语的区别1.语态不同语态不同 v-ing表主动、进行；表主动、进行；v-ed表被动、完成表被动、完成an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的鼓舞人心的演说演说the inspired audience 受鼓舞受鼓舞的听众的听众the falling leaves 落叶落叶（正往下落的）（正往下落的）the fallen leaves 落叶落叶（已落到地面的）（已落到地面的）2.时间关系不同时间关系不同v-ing 表表“正在正在 进行进行”或或“与谓语动词与
9、谓语动词同时进行同时进行”或或“经常性经常性”。v-ed 表动作表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。先于谓语动词表示的动作。Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?The woman selling vegetables has gone.the changing worldthe changed world（正在变化的）（正在变化的）（变化了的）（变化了的）boiling waterboiled water（正在沸腾的（正在沸腾的)（已经沸腾过的）（已经沸腾过的）fading flowers faded flowers(正在凋谢的正在凋谢的)（已经
10、凋谢的）（已经凋谢的）a developing countrya developed country(发展中的发展中的)（发达的）（发达的）3.及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动可表示被动,但但v-ed表示一个完成了的动作表示一个完成了的动作,而而being done多表示一个正在进行的动作。多表示一个正在进行的动作。The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us.The problem being discussed now has something to do wi
11、th us.The building being built is our library.v-ed作宾补 作宾语补足语的过去分词一般来自及物动词，作宾语补足语的过去分词一般来自及物动词，表示表示被动和完成被动和完成的意义。过去分词作宾补时，的意义。过去分词作宾补时，和它前面的宾语构成和它前面的宾语构成“宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词”的的复合结构，在这种结构中，宾语与过去分词复合结构，在这种结构中，宾语与过去分词之间的逻辑上的之间的逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系。直接宾语直接宾语（名词或（名词或代词）代词）宾语宾语补足语补足语某些及物动词某些及物动词（如（如make）宾语补足语的宾语补足语的10种表示
12、法：种表示法：1.His father named him Doming.2.They painted their house white.3.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.4.Nobody noticed him enter the room.5.We saw her entering the room.(名词名词)(形容词形容词)（不定式）（不定式）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）(现在分词或其短语现在分词或其短语)6.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.7.We take Engl
13、ish as a useful tool for research work.8.Whenever you may go,you will find him at work.9.Let the fresh air in.10.The plant has its own name.You cannot call it what you will.(过去分词过去分词)（用（用as引出）引出）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）（副词）(从句从句)英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的
14、意义完整。整。1.在表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如在表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,think,find等后面作宾语补足等后面作宾语补足语。语。I was glad to see the child well taken care of.When he arrived,he found all the work finished.She heard the door shut with a bang.She felt a great load taken off her mind.2.表示使役的动词：表示使役的动词：get,let,make,ha
15、ve,keep等。等。He made it known to everyone that he was right.He kept windows shut all the year round.They got their telephone put in only yesterday.You must get your article finished before going home.3.在表示在表示“希望希望”“”“愿望愿望”等意义的动词，等意义的动词，如如want,wish,like,expect等后面作宾语补足等后面作宾语补足语。语。The teacher expected al
16、l the students well prepared for the exam.He wants his composition read by every classmate.4.做介词的宾补，主要用于做介词的宾补，主要用于“with/without+复合结构复合结构”中。中。They left without a plate untouched.With the problem settled,he felt quite happy.5.“have+宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”的几种含义的几种含义 在在“have 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分结构中，过去分词作宾补，也可用词作
17、宾补，也可用 get。有以下几种含义：。有以下几种含义：1)意为意为“主语请别人做某事主语请别人做某事”。He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.2)意为意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的 事情事情”。Be careful,or youll have your hands hurt.3)意为意为“使完成某事使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做，事情既可以是别人做 完，也可以由主语参与完成。完，也可以由主语参与完成。He had the walls painted this morning.v-ing,v-ed,to
18、 do作宾补的区别 语态语态 v-ed与宾语之间是被动关系，与宾语之间是被动关系，v-ing表主动，表主动，to do和宾语也是主动关系。和宾语也是主动关系。时间关系时间关系 v-ed表完成，表完成，v-ing表进行，表进行，to do强调动作发强调动作发生的全过程。生的全过程。We found the trees planted.We found many people planting trees there.I saw him go into the dining room.I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into t
19、he classroom.I saw her taken out of the classroom.He managed to make himself _(understand)with his_(break)English.Theres a hole in your bag.I know,Im going to have it _(mend)I have often heard the ABC Song _(sing),but I have never heard Alice _(sing)it.When I put my hand on his chest,I could feel hi
20、s heart still _(beat).Please get the work _(do)as soon as possible.understoodbrokenmendedsungsingbeating done1.They woke up,finding everything around changing.2.The gate remained locking and we had to wait outside.3.Youll see many problems to be settled in this way.4.The murderer was brought in,with
21、 his hands being tied behind his back.changedsettledlocked改错tied1.We have got the house mended now.2.You look different today.Have you had your hair cut?3.Do you want to have the dictionary delivered to your house or would you prefer to the shop for it?4.A:Could I have a look at the photographs you
22、took when you were in Europe?B:Sorry,I havent had the film developed yet.Answers to Ex.2 on Page 13.5.On my way to the station my car broke down.When I got there to the repair shop I found it closed.6.The computer doesnt seem to work well.Youd better get it repaired?7.Jill and Eric got all their mon
23、ey stolen while they were on holiday.8.The listening text might be easier for the students if you have it divided into two parts.9.At yesterdays meeting Tony had some of his points clarified.10.Chris had some flowers sent to Sarah on her birthday.Then Chris asked Sarah to marry him and they had it a
24、nnounced in the newspaper.They had no time to arrange their own wedding,so they had it organized by a company.v-ed作状语 过去分词作状语，表示动作发生的背景，在意过去分词作状语，表示动作发生的背景，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，其义上相当于一个状语从句，其省略的主语（也省略的主语（也称逻辑主语）与主句的主语保持一致称逻辑主语）与主句的主语保持一致。逻辑主逻辑主语与语与过去分词间存在过去分词间存在动宾关系。动宾关系。过去分词在句过去分词在句中作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴中作状
25、语可表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等。随等。Worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.作原因状语 Tired by the trip,he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip,he soon fell asleep.Because it was done in a hurry,his homewo
26、rk was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.作时间状语 Seen from the hill,the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen form the hill,the city looks like a garden.When ice is heated or taken into the warm room,ice soon changes into water.(When)Heated or taken into the w
27、arm room,ice soon changes into water.作条件状语 Given more time,I would have worked out the problem.If I had been given more time,I would have worked out the problem.If they are grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.Grown in the rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.作伴随状语 The teacher came in,followe
28、d by some students.The teacher came in and was followed by some students.1.Frightened by the loud noise,I went to see what was happening.2.Hit by the lack of fresh air,he got a bad headache,3.Tired after the long journey,I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station4.Frightened by the nois
29、e outside,the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.Combine these sentences using the past participle as the adverbial.(Ex2,Page 21)5.Built in 1910,the museum is almost 100 years old.6.Given some advice by the famous scientist,the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more
30、.7.Exhausted after a days work,George took some tablets to help him feel better.8.Very astonished by the amount of work in the new timetable,Lucy decided to leave her job immediately.1.Following the old man,we went upstairs.(跟着那个老人跟着那个老人,我们上了楼我们上了楼)2.Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.(被那个老人跟着
31、被那个老人跟着,我们上了楼我们上了楼)比较下面的每组两句话。比较下面的每组两句话。3.从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen4.从太空看从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut could not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.SeenBAHaving been done&done1.作状语时，作状语时，having been done更强调
32、动作发生更强调动作发生在谓语动词之前；而在谓语动词之前；而done则不强调此含义。则不强调此含义。Not having been invited,he felt unhappy.Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.2.done可作定语，而可作定语，而having been done 一般不能一般不能作定语，通常用定语从句。作定语，通常用定语从句。The girl who has won the race is my desk mate.They are problems left over by history.3.如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式(having been done)所表示的动作往往是在谓语所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生过多次动作之前发生过多次 Having been bitten twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up Having failed three times,he didnt want to try again.
