1、 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 1231被动语态翻译技巧被动语态翻译技巧华东理工大学化工学院华东理工大学化工学院 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 1232 英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛,尤其是在科技英语中,被动语态几乎随处可见,凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态,因此,掌握被动语态的翻译方法是极为重要的。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12
2、33 在汉语中,也有被动语态,通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来,但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围,因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 1234 对于英文的被动结构,我们一般采取下列方法一、翻译成汉语的主动句二、翻译成汉语的被动语态 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 1235一、翻译成汉语的主动句 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Te
3、chnology 1236 英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 1237 英语原文的主语在译文中任做主语 在采用此方法时,我们往往在译文中使用“加以”,“经过”,“用来”等词来体现原文的被动含义。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 1238 例:1.Only a very limited range of products was manufactured 只有很少的产品经过制造 2
4、.At each stage of these operations value is added to the product.在每一个阶段那些操作价值都用来加在产品上 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 1239 3.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging,boring holes,artificial explosions,or similar operations which ma
5、ke them available to us.换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12310 .将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语,同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)做主语。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12311例:1.These products are purchased because 人们购买那些产品是因为2.Thus chemicals are sold
6、 for 因此,大家购买化工产品是因为 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12312另外,下列结构也可以通过如下方式翻译:另外,下列结构也可以通过如下方式翻译:It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为 It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知)It will be said 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说 華東理工大學East Chin
7、a University of Science and Technology 12313 .将英文原文中的by,in,for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语,而英文原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12314例:1.Computers are very widely used for all sorts of applications.各种应用都广泛的使用了计算机。2.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一
8、种合适的燃料 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12315.翻译成汉语的无主句 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12316例:1.It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution.据说其始于工业革命。2.It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals.注意那些都是无机化工产品。華東理工大學East
9、China University of Science and Technology 12317另外,下列结构也可以通过如下方式翻译:另外,下列结构也可以通过如下方式翻译:It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出 It wil
10、l be seen from this that 由此可见 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12318.翻译成带表语的主动句 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12319例:1.We are all aware of the major contribution which the pharmaceutical sector of the industry has made to help keep us all healthy.我们都知道,为了
11、使我们身体健康,工业制药部门做了很大的贡献。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12320二、翻译成汉语的被动语态 華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12321 英语中许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为所”,“使”,“由”,“受到”等表示。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12322例:1.Many intermediate to products which may be used directly as consumer goods.很多的产品中间体都被直接用来作为消费品。華東理工大學East China University of Science and Technology 12323THANK YOU!