1、应用文体的翻译信函信函广告广告契约契约/合同合同（自学）（自学）演讲演讲规则、指南和说明（自学）规则、指南和说明（自学）证明书与通知（自学）证明书与通知（自学）英语信函的特点和翻译方法英语信函的特点和翻译方法1、英语信函的组成部分、英语信函的组成部分 1）heading 信头 2）inside address 收信人地址 3）salutation 称呼 4）body 正文 5）complimentary close 信尾套语 6）signature 写信人签名 7）enclosure(encl)附件 8）postscript(P.S.)再启/又及n Office Box 1507 Depart
2、ment of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing,China July 9th,2019The Registrar of AdmissionThe Graduate SchoolThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity park,Pennsylvania 16802u.S.ADear Sir/Madam,Having graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Nanjing University in Jun
3、e,2019,I am deeply interested in your graduate school in the Department of Mechanical Engineering.I would now like to apply for admission and a tuition scholarship at your university for the spring term of 2000.I would appreciate your sending me catalog and application forms.As soon as I receive you
4、r letter,I shall forward you all my supporting documents.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.Respectfully yours,Wang LiHeadingInside Adress SalutationComplimentary Closesignature2.Type of English Letters 1.社交信函社交信函/私函私函Goodwill correspondence/personal letters：invitatio
5、n;congratulation;acknowledgement;apology condolence,etc.2.事务信函事务信函/公函公函 official matters business correspondence;job applications;recommendation diplomatic letters，etcInformal StyleFormal Style3、英语信函的语言特点、英语信函的语言特点:Four Cs原则原则 Clearness Conciseness Correctness Courtesy Warm-up:Dec.6,2019Dear Mr.Wang
6、,I acknowledge receipt of your invitation for the 15th November and regret to inform you that I shall be unable to attend due to a projected trip to Australia and the Far East.yours sincerely Alden Ade4、英语信函的翻译原则：、英语信函的翻译原则：1）用词准确）用词准确 Accuracy2）言简意赅）言简意赅 Clarity&Brevity3）含蓄有礼）含蓄有礼Courtesy4）多数英文书信用语
7、多数英文书信用语庄重庄重，翻译时，翻译时不可译成口不可译成口头语。头语。酌情使用一些常用酌情使用一些常用文言词语文言词语，如：贵，如：贵，乞谅，承蒙，为盼，赐复等。乞谅，承蒙，为盼，赐复等。5）传达原文的）传达原文的文体色彩文体色彩：如写信人和收信人关：如写信人和收信人关系系密切密切，则选词造句向，则选词造句向非正式非正式靠拢，靠拢，反之反之向向正正式式靠拢；靠拢；6）体现不同英语信函的）体现不同英语信函的个体风格个体风格：如贺信的亲：如贺信的亲切热情，感谢信的真诚恭敬，吊唁、慰问信的切热情，感谢信的真诚恭敬，吊唁、慰问信的慎重含蓄。慎重含蓄。Editing your first draft.
8、Dec.6,2019Dear Mr.Wang,I acknowledge receipt of your invitation for the 15th November and regret to inform you that I shall be unable to attend due to a projected trip to Australia and the Far East.yours sincerely Alden Aden 王先生：n 参加十一月十五日活动的邀请函已经收到。由于我已预定前往澳大利亚和远东地区一行，恕届时不能前往，谨表歉意。n n 你诚挚的,n 奥尔登.艾德
9、n 2019年12月6日nDear Gloria,n I am most grieved to hear the news of the passing away of your beloved grandfather.Heartfelt sympathy and much love to you,dear friend,as you go through this time of grief.n Stan was one of those extraordinary people who will never be forgotten.His life was like a sunbeam
10、that lit up the world around.Now we can bask in the rainbow of the memories that well nurture in the years ahead.n No,it wont be the same without him by any means,but we will go on as best as we can and look forward to the day we will meet again in eternity.n love,n Bonnien亲爱的格劳莉亚：n 获悉你深爱的爷爷去世的消息，我万
11、分难过。在历经悲痛的时刻，亲爱的朋友，请接受我深切的问候。n 斯坦是个了不起的人，我们永远不会忘记他。他的一生就像一束阳光，照亮了他周围的世界。在未来的岁月里，让我们在记忆的彩虹里永远珍藏着对他的怀念。n 确实，没有他的生活无论如何都不会再是原样，但我们一定要尽可能努力地生活下去，并期望在天国有重逢的一天。n 爱你的，n 邦妮Dear Sir/Madam,Having graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at University in June,2019,I am deeply interested in your
12、graduate school in the Department of Mechanical Engineering.I would now like to apply for admission and a tuition scholarship at your university for the spring term of 2011.I would appreciate your sending me catalog and application forms.As soon as I receive your letter,I shall forward you all my su
13、pporting documents.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.Respectfully yours，Wang Li 亲爱的先生/女士:我于2019年6月毕业于大学机械工程系，久慕贵校研究生院机械工程系之大名，现拟申请贵校2019年春季入学许可及奖学金，如蒙惠寄有关简章和申请表，则不胜感谢。收到贵校的复信后，我会立即寄上所有证明材料。急盼早复。您真诚的，王丽 Dec.6,2019Dear Sirs,I am applying for a position with your compan
14、y in any responsible capacity.I have had a college education and have fiddled around in research and development.Occasionally we have come up with some moneymaking ideas.I would be willing to start off at a minimal salary to prove my value to your firm.Sincerely yours,Edward Kase 敬启者：您好！我现申请到贵公司担任任何
15、职务。我受过大学教育，做过研究和开发工作。我们有时还出一些赚钱的主意。我愿从最低薪金干起，以证明我对贵公司所起的作用。此致 敬礼 爱德华.凯斯 2019年12月6日Discussion:Which form do you prefer?保留原文的固定格式、组成部分和约定成俗的套语，不套用汉语的信函格式，特别是不套用“此致、敬礼”之类的客套用语。or 翻译过程中要进行书信格式的转换，使之符合目的语信函的行文格式和表达习惯。亲爱的先生/女士:我于2019年6月毕业于大学机械工程系，久慕贵校研究生院机械工程系之大名，现拟申请贵校2019年春季入学许可及奖学金，如蒙惠寄有关简章和申请表，则不胜感谢。收
16、到贵校的复信后，我会立即寄上所有证明材料。急盼早复。您真诚的，王丽敬启者：您好！我现申请到贵公司担任任何职务。我受过大学教育，做过研究和开发工作。我们有时还出一些赚钱的主意。我愿从最低薪金干起，以证明我对贵公司所起的作用。此致 敬礼 爱德华.凯斯 Experts Point of View1.我们一般要保留英语原文的固定格式、组成部分和约定成俗的套语，不可套用汉语的信函格式，特别是不可套用汉语的“此致、敬礼”之类的客套用语。-华先发，2019：226（华中师范大学 教授）2.由于英文信函和中文信函在格式上具有一定的差异，翻译过程中要进行一定的转换，使之符合目的语信函的行文格式和表达习惯。-彭萍
17、，2019：204 （联合国教科文组织译员，北外大 副教授）3.在翻译书信中，可用“敬启者、谨、此、于”等文言词，既简洁，又给译文增添了几分庄重典雅的色彩。不过，这样做也得注意分寸，文言词用得过多，也会破坏原文的异国情调和时代气息。比如，sincerely一词译作“诚挚的”也挺好，不一定非要归化成汉语的“敬启”。-孙致礼，2019：204(解放军外国语学院首席教授)（将军级）Business correspondence 商务信函的翻译商务信函的翻译Warm-up Activity 翻译下列选自商务信函的句子，并指出这些句子的特点及翻译难点。1.We acknowledge receipt o
18、f your favour of the 10th,July,and thank you for the order you have given us.2.But much to our regret we have to inform you that we have found that one of the cases of your consignment is in badly damaged condition.3.You are kindly requested to provide us with all possilbe information on your market
19、.1.We acknowledge receipt of your favour of the 10th,July,and thank you for the order you have given us.2.But much to our regret we have to inform you that we have found that one of the cases of your consignment is in badly damaged condition.3.You are kindly requested to provide us with all possilbe
20、 information on your market.1.贵公司7月10日函收悉，对本次订货，我公司不胜感激。2.但非常遗憾地通知您，贵方货物中有一箱货物严重破损。3.烦请告知贵方的市场详情。英语信函的特点英语信函的特点:Four Cs Clearness Conciseness Correctness Courtesy商务信函的功能nInformation Function 信息功能nVocative Function 祈使功能(Suggest the other Party into action)商务信函的分类：nEstablishment of Business Relations建
21、立业务关系nCredit Inquiry 资信查询函nOffers and Counter-offers 发盘,还盘函nPurchase 订购函 nPayment 支付结算函nPacking and Shipment 装运通知函nInsurance 保险函n Complaints and Claim 索赔函商务信函的结构nHeading 信头 （写信人的地址、日期）ninside address 信内地址（收信人的地址）nreference 文档号nattention 收函方主办人nsalutation 称呼nsubject 事由nbody 正文ncomplimentary close 结束语
22、/函尾套语 nsignature&printed name 发信人签名和打印姓名nposition 发信人职务nEnclosure 附件nPostscript 附言/又及事项1117 High Road Austin,TX78730 6 June,2009Mr.David Patricks 3005 West 29th Suite 130Waco,TX77663Our Ref:RI0606 文档号Attention:International Trade Manager 收函方主办人Dear Mr.Patricks 称呼Subject:Heating Registers Location事由标
23、题I received your June 6th letter requesting consultation and am providing my recomendation in the following.First,let me review my understanding of your inquiry.Sincerely Jane A.McMurryEngineering Manager信头信内地址complimentary closesignatureposition中英文商务信函的文体特点对比及其翻译一、词汇特点及翻译1）用词庄重规范：商务信函不是私人活动，而是有关双方组
24、织以及组织与公众利益的事与活动，有明确的公关目的和经济目的。所以商务信函多用书面语、谦词、敬语等，体现了公事公办的特点。如:常使用here,there,where加上after,by,uner,to,with,from,in 等组成的复合副词：hereafter,hereby,thereafter,thereby 等古体词，以显示其行文的严肃性和法律性。再如下表：商务信函用语商务信函用语日常用语日常用语中译文中译文in accordance with according to根据in advance of/prior tobefore.之前informtell通知duplicatecopy副本
25、dispatch send发货otherwise or否则thereforeso因此in connection with about鉴于.n汉语商务信函词汇的庄重规范多表现在使用文言词语，如：“兹”、“获悉”、“随函”、“承蒙”、“有关.一事”、“鉴于”等。n例：We are sending you herewith our quotation sheet for tablecloth Article Nos.510 and 514.The respective quantities available for prompt shipment are indicated therein.n随函
26、附上桌布产品第510和514号的报价单，单中包括两种产品可立即装货的数量。2）英文中有些普通词汇在商务信函中有了商务专业词义，如下表：词汇词汇普通含义普通含义商务信函中的含义商务信函中的含义ceiling 天花板 最高费用coverage 覆盖 险种，险别document 文件 单据，单证 draft 草稿 汇票 offer 提议 报价，发盘 quotation 引用，引文 报价 against 反对 凭.call at 访问（船）停靠 n例：We shall write and ask for their ceiling for the advertising project and the
27、n we can budget accordingly.n我们将写信询问他们广告项目的最高费用，然后相应作出预算。Practice Enclosed please find the quotation sheet.All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.注：hereof=of the quotation sheet 翻译时一般要重复here 或 there 代表的名词，本例中译为“本报价单”。随函附上报价单，所有报盘和销售均应以本报价单背面所印
28、条件为准。3）用词礼貌客气：关系成败得失，体现自身素质和企业形象 英语商务信函中谦词较少，但也会使用一些表示礼貌的词汇，如：welcome,please,appreciate，或副词如：sincerely,faithfully,fully,kindly等；同时还有一些套语，如告知不利于对方的消息时使用much to our regret,Im sorry to tell.等，告知有利于对方的消息时使用much to our delight,Its a pleasure for me to.,I would like to inform 等。译文中可使用“贵、尊、敬、垂询、惠存、谨、赐覆、为盼”
29、等古体词。-In reply to your enquiry of May7,I respectfully offer our latest quotation herewith.兹回复贵方5月7日来函，_。兹回复贵方5月7日来函，特随函奉上我方最新报价。二、语法特点及其翻译1）英语商务信函句式完整,多用复杂句、陈述句、肯定句，少用否定、祈使句，以示礼貌；而中文商务信函多用祈使句。-We cannot fill your order because you failed to send your check.()-We shall be glad to fill your order as s
30、oon as we receive your check.一旦我方收到贵方支票，会马上填写订货单。-We should be obliged for your immediate amendment of L/C(信用证)to enable us to make timely shipment.敬请立刻修改信用证以便我方及时发货。Practice-Probably through an oversight,the check was not signed,and we are returning it to you for your kind signature.可能因一时疏忽，支票还未签名，
31、现寄还贵方，烦请补签。2）多用套语(polite formula)nWe are in receipt of your letter 贵函收悉nWe are pleased to inform you./Notice is hereby given that.特此函告nIn reply to your letter of.兹回复贵方（某日）来函nYour prompt reply would be appreciated.敬请速回复。nLooking forward to your(affirmative)reply.盼复。nEnclosed please find 随函附上.nWe are
32、grateful for 对.深表感激nHave the kindness to 慧请.nWe offer you.兹报盘.3)英语商务信函中被动语态是一种非常重要的语言手段，显得所说出的话不是强加给对方的，这样更加委婉、礼貌；而汉语很少使用被动语态。July 15,2019 Dear Sirs,I am requested by the Procuremen Department of our company to inform you that the stainless steel ordered from your company has not yet been delivered.
33、I am informed that on May 5th the Department received assurance by telephone from your dispatch office that the steel was about to be delivered.Will you be so kind as to institue enquires concerning this non-delivery as our construction work is being seriously delayed?Yours sincerely,Nancy Westwood
34、International Affairs Assitant July 15,2019 Dear Sirs,I am requested by the Procuremen Department of our company to inform you that the stainless steel ordered from your company has not yet been delivered.I am informed that on May 5th the Department received assurance by telephone from your dispatch
35、 office that the steel was about to be delivered.Will you be so kind as to institue enquires concerning this non-delivery as our construction work is being seriously delayed?Yours sincerely,Nancy Westwood International Affairs Assitant 敬启者：我公司采购部请我通知贵公司，我方从贵公司订购的不锈钢至今未见发货。采购部通知我，他们已于5月5日接到贵公司发货部电话，告
36、知钢材即将发货。由于我方施工工作因此而受到严重延误，恳请您过问一下此事宜为盼。谨此 南希.伍德 (国际事务助理)2019年7月5日 July 15,2019 Dear Sirs,I am requested by the Procuremen Department of our company to inform you that the stainless steel ordered from your company has not yet been delivered.I am informed that on May 5th the Department received assura
37、nce by telephone from your dispatch office that the steel was about to be delivered.Will you be so kind as to institue enquires concerning this non-delivery as our construction work is being seriously delayed?Yours sincerely,Nancy Westwood International Affairs Assitant 敬启者：我公司采购部请我通知贵公司，我方从贵公司订购的不锈
38、钢至今未见发货。采购部通知我，他们已于5月5日接到贵公司发货部电话，告知钢材即将发货。由于我方施工工作因此而受到严重延误，恳请您过问一下此事宜为盼。谨此 英语信函的翻译原则：英语信函的翻译原则：1）用词准确）用词准确,注重细节注重细节 Correctness （如价格、货物量、日期等数字）2）言简意赅）言简意赅 Conciseness3）含蓄有礼）含蓄有礼,语气贴切语气贴切 Courtesy (多数英文书信用语庄重，翻译时不可译成口头语。酌情使用一些常用文言词语，如：贵，乞谅，承蒙，为盼，赐复等)。Homework Nov.11,2009 Dear Mr.Li,We are consideri
39、ng providing each of our sales representatives with a pocket calculator.We saw your Model AMB displayed at Guangzhou Commodities Fair last month and found that it would fill our needs very well.We know that AMB costs US$36.2 each,but we wonder whether there is a trade discount for fairly large quantities.Our first order would be 200.Besides the price information,we also need complete details about your sevices,warranties,carrying case,battery-any information that may help us in making the purchase decision.Your prompt reply would be appreciated.Sincerely yours,Max Wolf Deputy Manager
