1、Unit 1 international business CONTENTS Text ATEACHING AIMSAfter studying this unit,you are required to1.Have a general idea of the trade barrier and have a correct comprehension of it.2.Have a general idea of the CAFTA,and understand the functions of CAFTA well.3.Have a general idea of international
2、 business trend,and can tell the distinctions of free trade and faire trade.4.Master some new words,expressions and technical terms.TEXT A Dont Fence Me Out！QUESTIONS1.What do you know about trade barriers?Why do these trade barriers exist?2.What are the two major barriers of free trade?In todays wo
3、rld,the globalization is the main trend,so,what is your view on the existence of trade barriers?3.What are the definitions of tariff barriers,non-tariff barriers,quantitative and non-quantitative?TEXT A Preview The concept of comparative advantage makes a strong case for free,unrestricted trade amon
4、g nations.Meanwhile economists believe free trade will be mutually beneficial,yet,many barriers to trade exist today,namely,regulations and measures imposed by authorities that unduly impede trade in goods or services,in export or import.Loss of business opportunities is the most serious impact of a
5、 trade barrier,but even their minor effects may require extra time and trouble and cause additional expenses.The benefits of free trade are well known,but why do some people support the use of tariffs or quotas to restrict or stop the international flow of goods and services?In this text,We will foc
6、us on the tariff barriers,non-tariff barriers,quantitative and non-quantitative.TEXT A Reading Comprehension Read the following terms and match each with its proper definition.1.trade barrier 6.voluntary export parative advantage 7.ad valorem duty3.Subsidye 8.specific duty4.Quota 9.Tariff5.NTB 10.ta
7、riff rate quotaa a grant paid by a government to an enterprise that benefits the public btax figured as a percentage on the value of goods cartificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between countries,usually in the form of tariffs,subsidies,quotas or exchange controls.dduty or
8、tax laded on a specific commodity when it crosses national boundaries ea proportional share,as of goods,assigned to a group or to each member of a group;a limitation on imports fa situation that exists when a country can produce a good or service at much lower cost than any other country ga restrict
9、ion set by a government on the quantity of goods that can be exported out of a country during a specified period of time hnon tariff barrieri Quotas permitting a stipulated amount of goods to enter the nation duty-free or at a low rate,while charging a much higher duty for subsequent imports when th
10、e amount is reached.jtax relating to local currency per unit of goods based on physical measurements key1matchc2f3a4e5h6g7b8j9d10iTEXT A Notes 1.Trade barriers：Trade barriers are a general term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts international trade.The barriers can tak
11、e many forms,including the following terms that include many restrictions in international trade within multiple countries that import and export any items of trade.2.An ad valorem duty：An ad valorem tax(Latin for according to value)is a tax based on the value of real estate or personal property.It
12、is more common than a specific duty,a tax based on the quantity of an item,such as cents per kilogram,regardless of price.3.Specific rate duty：A specific rate duty is a tariff levied on imports,defined in terms of a specific amount per unit,such as cents per kilogram.By contrast,an ad valorem duty i
13、s a charge levied on imports defined in terms of a fixed percentage of value.4.Tariff-rate quota:A tariff-rate quota(TRQ)is a trade policy tool used to protect a domestically-produced commodity or product from competitive imports.5.Economic efficiency:In economics,the term economic efficiency refers
14、 to the use of resources so as to maximize the production of goods and services.An economic system is said to be more efficient than another(in relative terms)if it can provide more goods and services for society without using more resources In absolute terms,a situation can be called economically e
15、fficient.TEXT A New Words and Expressions1.unduly adv.过度地；不适当地；不正当地 Suppose you have to give a speech and you are unduly anxious about looking uncomfortable.假设你不得不去做演讲，你看上去不自在，你对此很焦虑。2.Impede vt.阻碍；妨碍；阻止 Heavy rain impeded our journey.瓢泼大雨阻碍了我们的旅行。3.subsidy n.补贴；津贴；补助金 Higher deposit rates increase
16、the budget costs of the subsidy program.存款利润较高，就增大了补贴规划的预算费用。4.quota n.配额；定额；限额 On the Quota menu,click Close.在“配额”菜单上单击“关闭.5.Trade barriers:关税壁垒 6.boundary n.边界；范围；分界线 Disk capacity is mismatched with the setting of Boundary Check.翻译是磁盘容量是不相符的设置“边界检查”。7.ad valorem 从价的8.specific duty 从量税9.exertive a
17、dj.费力的，使努力的10.revenue n.税收，国家的收入；收益 Thrift is great revenue.节俭是笔大收入。11.impose vi.利用；欺骗；施加影响 vt.强加；征税；以欺骗 People sense your strengths not impose on you.人们感觉到你的力量，不会欺骗你。12.unilaterally adv.单方面地 You cannot cancel the order unilaterally.你们不能单方面取消定单。13.bilaterally adv.双边地；双方面地 We will deal with it on the
18、 ground and also bilaterally with Pakistan.我们要就地采取行动，也会通过和双边努力来解决这个问题14.multilaterally adv 多边地 Trade can be restricted multilaterally by governments and companies from different countries acting in concert.贸易可以通过各个国家的政府和公司采取一致行动多方面地加以限制。15.voluntary export restrains（VERs）自动限制出 16.orderly marketing a
19、rrangements有秩序销售协定17.stipulate vi.规定；保证 vt.规定；保证 adj.植有托叶的 Total disarmament was stipulated in the peace treaty.全部裁减军备条款是和平协议的必要条件。18.burdensome adj.繁重的；累赘的；恼人的 Tradition is far from being inter or burdensome for the writer.对作家来说，传统决不是毫不生气的和累赘的19.pertinent adj.相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的 Making the question per
20、tinent is the toll the crisis will take on many people for some time to come.让这个问题变得有的放矢的是，未来一段时间这场危机将给许多人造成损害20.elimination n.消除；淘汰；除去 Observation of patients with clinical symptoms improve,the elimination of time.观察患者治疗前后临床症状改善、消除的时间。TEXT A Assignment Finish the rest of exercises of Text A Preview
21、 Text B Text B Bush Administration Seeks to Lower Trade Barriers with Latin AmericaQUESTIONS 1.After reading this text,can you summaries the definition and functions of the CAFTA?Do you think it can play an important role in the international businesses?2.The text said that“CAFTA would create the se
22、cond-largest U.S.export market in Latin America”could you give some your views on this sentence,and who do you think is the final winner?TEXT B Preview WASHINGTON-The Bush administrations drive to remove trade barriers to U.S.exports is working and needs to be expanded with a new free trade agreemen
23、t with six Latin America countries,Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez said Tuesday.Outlining President Bushs trade goals for his second term,Gutierrez said the administration planned to turn its attention to winning congressional approval for the Central American Free Trade Agreement.It covers the
24、Central American nations of Costa Rica,El Salvador,Guatemala,Honduras and Nicaragua as well as the Caribbean nation of the Dominican Republic.TEXT B Reading Comprehension Determine whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.Write T for true and F for false in the bracke
25、ts.1.Now the Bush administration is removing trade barriers to U.S.exports.(T)2.President Bush has long focused on winning congressional approval for the CAFTA in his first term (F)3.All the sales to Russia,India and Indonesia may not exceed those of the market CAFTA would create.(T)4.Neither of the
26、 exporters from the U.S.and the five Central American nations is charged by any duty.(F)5.The agreement would particularly boost the U.S.exports (T)TEXT B Notes1.Central American Free Trade Agreement:commonly called DR-CAFTA,is a free trade agreement(legally a treaty under international law,but not
27、under US law).Originally,the agreement encompassed the United States and the Central American countries of Costa Rica,El Salvador,Guatemala,Honduras,and Nicaragua,and was called CAFTA.2.Costa Rica:officially the Republic of Costa Rica:is a country in Central America,bordered by Nicaragua to the nort
28、h,Panama to the east and south,the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east.3.Caribbean nation:The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea,its islands(most of which enclose the sea),and the surrounding coasts.The region is located southeast of the Gulf of M
29、exico and North America,east of Central America,and to the north of South America.TEXT B Notes4.Dominican Republic：The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola,part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region.The western third of the island is occupied by the nation
30、 of Haiti,making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries.Both by area and population,the Dominican Republic is the second largest Caribbean nation(after Cuba),with 48,442 square kilometers(18,704 sq mi)and an estimated 10 million people 5.Congress.:The United States
31、Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States of America,consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington,D.C.6.Doha Round of trade talks：Is the current trade-negotiation round of the World
32、Trade Organization(WTO)which commenced in November 2001.Its objective is to lower trade barriers around the world,which allows countries to increase trade globally.As of 2008,talks have stalled over a divide on major issues,such as agriculture,industrial tariffs and non-tariff barriers,services,and
33、trade remedies.TEXT B New Words and Expressions1.expand vt.扩张；使膨胀；详述 vi.发展；张开，展开 They hope to expand their company.他们希望扩大公司的规模。2.administration n.管理；行政；实施；行政机构 Academic Administration and other job I think I can study hard.教务行政等一些工作我想我也可以努力学习3.outlining n.列提纲；描绘轮廓；提纲挈领 v.概括（outline的ing形式）；画的轮廓 Id su
34、ggest that all tattooing require a signed consent form outlining risksthe most obvious one being a major case of remorse.我建议所有文身操作都要求签署对所含风险的知情同意书最常见的主要风险之一就4.approval n.批准；认可；赞成 With one accord they shouted their approval.他们一致发出赞同的呼声。bine vt.使结合；使联合，使混合；合并 We shall combine the three departments.我们将
35、合并这三个部门。TEXT B New Words and Expressions6.tariffs:n.关税（tariff的复数）7.citing:n.引用，引证；举例 Most cases are found in urban areas,Yang said,citing medical studies on diabetes prevalence in Beijing and Shanghai.很多案例是在都市区域发现的，杨说，城市医学的糖尿病研究在北京和上海及8,estimate V.估计；预计；估算 We estimate the cost to be four thousand do
36、llars.我们估计费用(或成本)为4 000美元。9.potential n.潜能；可能性；电势 adj.潜在的；可能的；物势的 To help students develop their potential.协助学生发展个人潜能。10.boosting n.助推，局部通风；升压加力 v.推进（boost的现在分词形式 If you boost him up,he can just reach the top of the shelf.如果你托他一把，他正好能够到架顶。TEXT B New Words and Expressions11.manufacture n.制造；产品；制造业 vt
37、.制造；加工；捏造 vi.制造 This steel is manufactured from Swedish iron.这种钢材是用瑞典的铁炼制的。12.annually adv.每年；一年一次 My parents go to Hawaii for vacation annually.我的父母每年都会去夏威夷度假。13.despite prep.尽管，不管 n.轻视；憎恨；侮辱 I failed the test despite studying all night.尽管整夜学习，我还是考试不及格14.deficit n.赤字；不足额 Theory of Mind and Autism:A
38、 Specific Deficit?心理和孤独症理论：一个特异的缺陷？15.soaring adj.翱翔的；高耸的；猛增的 v.高耸（soar的现在分词形式）；高飞；猛增 Warm winds that flow in from the south make the mountain valley ideal for soaring.从南部吹来的温暖的风使得这个山谷成为了飞行的理想地点。16.sluggish adj.萧条的；迟钝的；行动迟缓的；懒惰的 n.市况呆滞；市势疲弱 Sluggish flowing the great river with sorrow and silence.缓慢
39、流动着悲伤与寂静的巨大河流。17.Democrats n.民主党；民主党人（Democrat的复数）She says most young Democrats want to end the war.她说大多数年轻的民主党人希望结束战争。18.subsidy n.补贴；津贴；补助金 Higher deposit rates increase the budget costs of the subsidy program.存款利润较高，就增大了补贴规划的预算费用TEXT B Assignment Finish the exercises of Text B Preview supplementi
40、ng reading.Supplementing The main idea of each part Part 1 Gains from lower trade barriers Reduced trade barriers have been key elements in the increased prosperity the world has seen in the post-1945 era.These lower barriers have allowed greater specialization of production,with consequent gains in
41、 cheaper goods enjoyed by all parties.Part 2 Drivers for liberalization Multilateral agreements under the GATT and WTO have been the leading arrangements bringing greater liberalization,but narrower agreements such as the European Union and Canada-US bilateral free trade have also been significant.P
42、art 3 Benefits of liberalization 1.increased competitive pressures on suppliers that previously went less heavily challenged in their home markets；businesses facing increased competition usually lift their performance to the benefit of consumers in all participating countries；2.a variation of the tr
43、aditional comparative advantage gains but one that takes advantage of the increased specialization of modern production and the increased number of stages through which materials are put prior to reaching the final consumer.Part 4 Fair trade More recently，some people have sought to use environmental
44、 or worker safety standards as conditions for permitting other countries to export to us.Although many championing such causes do so out of strong convictions，it means paternalistically imposing our own standards on other countries.Part 5 The way forward These policies deny European market access to
45、 efficient producers such as Australia.The EU guarantees its own farmers high prices which also bring massive surpluses in many agricultural products.These are dumped on world markets and depress prices.Unit 2 International Finance CONTENTS Text ATEACHING AIMSAfter studying this unit,you are require
46、d to1.Have a general idea of the stock market and have a correct comprehension of it.2.Have a general idea of the bank,and understand the functions of the bank well,especially in terms of international business and finance.3.Have a general idea of the foreign exchange,and can tell the factors that a
47、ffecting exchange rates.4.Master some new words,expressions and technical terms.TEXT A the Stock MarketQUESTIONS 1.Why do so many people like playing stocks in the stock market?In your opinion,how can people make money in the stock market?2.What do you know about the stock market?Can you give some e
48、xamples to illustrate its features and functions?TEXT A Preview A stock market is a place where the shares in publicly owned companies，the titles to business firms，are bought and sold.In 1996，the value of these titles was estimated at thirty trillion in the United States.Sales in a single year might
49、 total 3 trillion.The stock market is the hub of our corporate economy.The New York Stock Exchange is the main stock market，listing more than a thousand securities.Every large financial center has a stock exchange.Major ones are located in Tokyo，London,Frankfurt，Hong Kong，Toronto，Zurich（苏黎世），and，of
50、course，New York.A stock exchange is a critical part of modern market economies.When the countries of Eastern Europe decided to scrap their centrally planned systems and become market economies,one of their first acts was to introduce a stock market to buy and sell ownership rights in companies.TEXT
