1、专四语法总结及练习虚拟语气第1页，共36页。二 虚拟语气1.主从句谓语动词的时态主从句谓语动词的时态(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:主句从句与现在事实相反would/情态动词过去式+dowere(不分人称)/did与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+havedonehaddone与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+doshoulddo/weretodo第2页，共36页。1.WouldyouhavebeensurprisedifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?(04年)与过去事实相反2.Allofuswoul
2、dhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreiftherehadntbeenquitesuchacrowdpeoplethere.（00年）与过去事实相反第3页，共36页。(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelas
3、telection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)IfIwereyou,Iwouldnthavemissedthefilmlastnight.第4页，共36页。(3)识别事实和假设混合句：Yourmathsinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehosp
4、italhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)第5页，共36页。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可省略，而将were,should,had等词置于句首。如：nShouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。nWereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。nHadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldha
5、vehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了第6页，共36页。2.名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉：(1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：（表示建议、要求、命令、决定等意念的词）desire,advise,recommend,command,direct,order,ask,demand,request,require,insist,maintain,move,propose,prefer,ur
6、ge,vote。如：Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.Imovethathebedischargedforhisseriousmistake.第7页，共36页。(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：advisable,desirable,insistent,preferable,urgent,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory,possible,pro
7、bable,proper,vital,advised,arranged,commanded,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,required,suggested。如：Theboarddeemiturgentthatthesefilesshouldbeprintedrightaway.Itisessentialthatallthesefiguresbecheckedtwice.第8页，共36页。真题举例：1.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliamcontinuehisstudyinspi
8、teofsomelearningdifficulties.(07,65)2.Itisimperativethatthegovernmentattractmoreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.(06.59)第9页，共36页。(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中动词用虚拟形式：insistence,preference,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,motion,desire,requirement,request,order,necessity,importance,regulation,rule,r
9、esolution,understanding。如：JohnWagnersmostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit beanalyzedinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.第10页，共36页。3.含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达，而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉：(1)连词but,butthat,or,orelse；副词otherwise,unfortunatel
10、y等表示转折假设。如：Asafetyanalysiswould have identifiedthetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.Victorobviouslydoesntknowwhatshappened;otherwisehe wouldnt havemadesuchastupidremark.第11页，共36页。(2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without,butfor,undermorefavorableconditions等。如：But foryourtimelyadvice,Iwould neve
11、r have knownhowtogoaboutthework.（94年）(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如：Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.(4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如：Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidnt.第12页，共36页。n注意：wouldrather接动词原形，指
12、现或将来时间，表示一种主观愿望nIdratherdoittoday.n接不定式完成式表示过去的某种选择不恰当。nIdrathernothavetoldherthenews.Sheissuchagossip.n接从句，用虚拟语气，为一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时，表示一个过去的愿望。nIdratheryoupaidthemoneyyourself.(现在）nIwouldsoonershepaintedthewallgreennexttime.(将来）nIdrathershehadntdonethat.（过去）第13页，共36页。4.常用虚拟形式的句型常用虚拟形式的句型(1)从句中
13、动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型：would rather would sooner It is(high)time that(从句中动词只用过去式)Itshightimewestoppedcuttingdowntherainforests.(06,54)第14页，共36页。表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构n过去had+过去分词；n现在过去时(be用were)n将来过去时(be用were)n例如：nIdratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。nIdratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿。nWedratheryouw
14、entheretomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那儿。第15页，共36页。(2)Ifitwerenotfor(与现在事实相反)Ifithadnotbeenfor(与过去事实相反)相当于butfor。如：Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butforhishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.(3)Ifonly谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。如：Ifonlythecommitteewould approvetheregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.Ifonlythepatienthad receiv
15、edadifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.(07,54)IfonlyIcould playtheguitaraswellasyou!(06年)第16页，共36页。(4)lest/forfearthat/incase从句谓语用(should+)动词原形。如：Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein.forfearthat,ino
16、rderthat,sothat:should,could,might都可以Lest:should第17页，共36页。n5)whetheror有时谓语用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法经常采用倒装结构。如：nChurchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,betheyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.nThebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.第18页，共36页。让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
17、让步状语从句中的虚拟语气Though,if,evenif,eventhough,whatever,however,grantedthat等连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，但是主句一般用直陈语气。Eg:Howeverdangerousitmightbe,Iwouldhaveatry.Wewontchangeourplaneveniftherumorbetrue.第19页，共36页。n1、Ifabettermaterial_,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.being
18、usedD.usingnAn虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could,should,might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would（或could,should,might）+havedone结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if从句用should（或wereto）加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。第20页，共36页。n2、Hadtheweatherbeengood,thechildren_outforawalk.A.hadgoneB.couldha
19、vegoneC.wouldgoD.wentnB与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were,had,should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。第21页，共36页。n3.Thegeneralscommandwasthatthesoldiers_theirfortandcarryoutmoreimportanttask.A.wouldleaveB.leaveC.leftD.haveleftnBnsuggest（suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise（advice）demand,insist,order,request,require,recommend,des
20、ire,ask,decide等。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略第22页，共36页。n4.Itsdesiredthatshe_toteachusatleasttwiceaweek.A.comesB.willcomC.comeD.maycomenCn在Itisdesired（或desirable）,Itisimportant等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。第23页，共36页。n5.Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyou_nextmonthforadinner.A.comeB.wouldcom
21、eC.cameD.havecomenCnwouldrather后面的从句中，动词用过去式。第24页，共36页。n6.Hetalksasifhe_everythingintheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldhaveknownBn在asif/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。第25页，共36页。n7.Peterwishesthathe_lawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege。A.cou
22、ldstudyB.studiedC.hadstudiedD.wouldstudynCn表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。第26页，共36页。n8.Dontyouthinkitistimeyou_smoking?A.giveupB.gaveupC.wouldgiveupD.shouldgiveupnBn在在It is（high）time后边的后边的that从句中，动从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了词用过去式，表示该做某事了第27页，共36页。n9.Iamsurprised_thiscityisadullplacetoliveIn.nA.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywh
23、atyouarethinkingnC.thatyouwouldthinknD.withwhatyouwerethinkingnAnShould+动词原形表示虚拟语气第28页，共36页。n10.Sheaskedthatshe_allowedtoseehersoninpolicecustody(1993:50)nA.wouldbeB.couldbeC.beD.wasnCnShould+动词原形表示虚拟语气第29页，共36页。n11.Ifyourcar_anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealernA.shallneedB
24、.shouldneednC.wouldneedD.willneednBn与将来事实相反的虚拟语气nEg:Ifitshouldrainagain,whatelsecouldIdo？第30页，共36页。nIfyourcar_anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.A.shall,needB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneed_you_furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.
25、Should,haveD.Incase,had第31页，共36页。n13.Ifonlythepatient_adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.nA.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.Werereceiving第32页，共36页。n15._,Illmarryhimallthesame.A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor第33页，共36页。n16
26、.Muchas_,IcouldntlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidnthavethatmuchsparecash.A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.IwouldliketohaveC.IshouldhavetolikeD.Ishouldhavelikedto第34页，共36页。17._forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.na.Haditnotbeenb.Hadntitbeenc.Wasitnotd.Wereitnot第35页，共36页。nWecould_himwithadetachedhousewhenhecame,buthehadspecificallyaskedforasmallflat.na.provideb.haveprovidedc.notprovided.nothaveprovided第36页，共36页。
