1、PPT模板下载： 15BASUnit 16标题八Objectives To understand what a signaling system is.To know the development of urban rail signaling.To understand the functions and importance of signaling.标题八Class Hour2 hours标题八SentenceSection A Question:What can a metro signaling system do?Metro signaling is a complicated
2、and amazing system.UK has a longer history of metro signaling than any other country.Metro signaling has similarities with railway signaling.To prevent any train delays,accidents,even casualties,it is important that a signaling system operated by a group of well trained people.标题八 The most critical
3、role that signals play in the metro system is to locate the whereabouts of trains and to protect trains from collisions.The most important components in a metro signal system are its electromechanical relays.If a metro signal fails,the signaling light will go to red and the train will stop until the
4、 failures are resolved.Most of metro signals have Green on top,Yellow in the middle and Red on the bottom.标题八DialogueSection B Question:What does a metro signaling system consist of?What is the relationship between signaling system and ATC?Lin:Do you know how many systems are included in a metro sig
5、naling system and what they are?Peter:It contains six systems,moving block system,train testing system,automatic train protect system,automatic train operation system and automatic train supervising system.Lin:What is the relationship between ATC and signaling system?Peter:ATC system has three subsy
6、stemsATO,ATP,and ATS.They are part of a metro signaling system,and ATC supports signal system and signaling system controls ATC.标题八 Lin:That means metro signaling system has the same functions as ATC?Peter:Yes,It is not only safe for metro operation,but also convenient for passengers.Lin:Passengers
7、can read the information display on the platform.Peter:You can learn what time next train will arrive,route and direction,etc.Also,some more information like weather report,road conditions are available.Lin:How powerful the system is.标题八PassageSection c Question:Do you know what a metro signaling sy
8、stem is?Metro Signal Signaling and operation on metro system involves train control,train signal,signage and train length,etc.Today,metro train control is done by an Automatic Train Control system(ATC),which is a combination of three sub systems,ATO,ATP and ATS.ATP separates train,ATS routes trains,
9、and ATO gathers information from both ATS and ATP to directly control the trains.标题八 The metro signaling lights work just like traffic lights for cars.Red means stop,and green means advance.The signaling lights are automatically controlled by the location of the trains.As one of the trains moves alo
10、ng the track,it relays on the track to send the signal of its location to the lights.A red light stays on until a leading train has moved a safe distance.标题八 Before,metros ran four car and six car trains.However,there are no more four car trains used in the system after year 2000.Even eight car trai
11、ns are in service nowadays.The train length decides the safe distance programmed in the metro signal system.标题八 complicated kmplketd adj.难懂的，复杂的 signaling snl n.发信号；打信号 similarity smlrti n.类似；相似点 casualty kulti n.意外事故；伤亡人员；急诊室 critical krtkl adj.批评的，爱挑剔的；决定性的；评论的 whereabouts werbats n.下落；行踪；所在之处 adv
12、.在何处；靠近什么地方 collision kln n.碰撞；冲突；（意见，看法）的抵触 resolve rzlv n.坚决；决定要做的事 v.决定；分解；决心 relay rile n.继电器；接替 v.转播；接替Words&Phrases标题八Extensive ReadingSection DText AText A Help Point Innovation Project:Help Point Communication System Also known as:Help Point标题八 What it is:The Help Point Communication System
13、is a new technology pilot program that puts metro customers in touch with Transit personnel via an interactive communications device.Each Help Point device has two buttons,a green INFORMATION button to ask for travel information and a red EMERGENCY button to be used only in an urgent situation.Benef
14、its:Help Point devices:Have an instantly identifiable design.Are clearly labeled and easy to use.Offer two types of assistance at one location.Allow customers to speak with a Transit representative about metro service by pressing the green INFORMATION call button.标题八 Whom customers speak with:NYC Tr
15、ansit Station Agents answer metro service inquiries;personnel from NYC Transits Rail Control Center(RCC)respond to emergency calls.History:Help Point,which began testing in 2011,is a more sophisticated version of the Customer Assistance Intercoms(“call boxes”),currently in many metro stations.You ma
16、y also be interested to know:A Help Point is on exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art(MoMA).Source:http:/www.mta.info/标题八Text BText B Railroad Signaling Basic Differences(UKUS):Signal Meanings On railways all over the world,signals are used to indicate to the driver of a train how he should proceed.Th
17、e way this is done in the US(and most of Europe except Spain and Norway)is quite different compared with the UK.In the UK(and other countries using UK based systems),signals 标题八are designed to show the driver the state of the road ahead.For example,a signal will show that the line is clear ahead and
18、 will also say how far ahead it is clear.The driver,using his knowledge of the line and of the train he is controlling,will make a judgment about how fast he can safely let his train go and will proceed accordingly.In the US,signals show drivers the speeds they are allowed to go.They do not actually
19、 need to know how far ahead the line is clear.The speed they are allowed to do will depend on the type of train the driver is controlling.标题八 ABS and Interlockings In the US,like the UK,signals are classified into two general types.In the UK they are referred to as automatic and controlled,in the US
20、 they are known as Automatic Block Signals(ABS)and Interlocking signals respectively.The two classifications are similar in that automatic signals work without manual controls while controlled or interlocking signals usually cover junction areas and require some form of additional controls operated
21、by a signal tower(signal box in UK)or control room.标题八 Overlap or Safety Block Another feature of US railroad signals is that they do not have the 200 yard overlaps that are normal in the UK.The usual method of providing a safety margin beyond a stop signal in the US is to allocate the whole of the
22、next block as the overlap.This is similar to the principle adopted on metros which use ATP.Bi Directional Signaling Many US lines are equipped with full bi directional signaling.You will often see a block boundary with two signals,one facing in each direction.The signaling operates exactly the same,
23、regardless of the direction of running.标题八 US Signal Layouts A train passing along a signaled route will see an arrangement of signals which will appear somewhat as described in the following paragraphs.Every 2 miles or so the train will pass an Automatic Block Signal(ABS).All ABS signals for all tr
24、acks and both directions are located right next to the block entrance at the insulated rail joint(IRJ).So,as the engineer(driver)passes from block to block its almost like passing through a pane of glass.This is enhanced by the fact that for the most part there isnt much along the wayside but at a b
25、lock limit he will see signals,relay boxes and rail joints.标题八 OK,the engineer is passing block after block and all the signals have one head but then he gets to a block limit where the signal in his direction has two heads.These are the distant signals for an interlocking.They are still automatic a
26、nd still retain a number plate that IDs them as automatic.After proceeding a little farther down the line the engineer reaches the interlocking entrance.Across all tracks,in his direction only,is a line of signals.These signals have two or three heads and no number plate,which IDs them as absolute(s
27、top)signals.If there is a proceed indication,the train crosses the boundary defined by the IRJ and signals and enters the interlocking.The train then rumbles over the points,it passes the signal tower or relay shed,rumbles over some more points and 标题八reaches the“exit”signals.The exit signals actual
28、ly have no bearing on this train what soever because they are all facing the opposite direction for incoming trains.The entrance signals not only govern the interlocking,but also the next block.However,the exit signals and associated IRJ define another boundary and,after the train completely passes
29、this boundary,is it out of the interlocking,free of dispatcher control and under automatic signal rules.Note that,while any part of the train is between the Home(entrance and exit)signals,it is working under interlocking rules.Once it crosses the boundary defined by the Home signals it is under rule
30、 251 or 261 operation.标题八 The train continues on to complete the same steps through each interlocking.Every so often a train will pass from one interlocking right into another(some interlockings also have sub interlockings that are completely independent).The first ABS limit the train reaches will b
31、e the distant for operation in the other direction.Source:http:/www.railway sig.shtml标题八Objectives To know the definition and functions of BAS.To introduce the system of metro BAS.To understand the advantages of BAS.标题八Class Hour2 hours标题八SentenceSection A Question:What is BAS?What is metro BAS?BAS(
32、Building Automation System)is mainly used in commercial HVAC control systems and energy management system.BAS is not limited to just HVAC applications.It also has the ability to meter electricity,gas,water,steam,hot water,chilled water and fuel.BAS engineers select the proper HVAC control system and
33、 programs to control the various types of HVAC systems in different metro stations.标题八 To be more effective,the BAS system should be installed and tuned properly A building controlled by a BAS is often referred to as an intelligent building,a metro station controlled by a BAS can be referred to as a
34、 smart station.Many BAS can be accessed from any location with an internet connection.标题八DialogueSection B Question:What does a metro BAS consist of?(Trainer Lin is checking whether students still remember the knowledge learned in the last lesson.)Lin:Peter,what did we talk about last class?Peter:It
35、s BAS.Lin:What is the full name of BAS?Peter:Its Building Automation System.Lin:Can you tell me its basic components?Peter:It has four basic parts,big system,small system,water system and tunnel ventilation system.标题八 Lin:What is the difference between big system and small system?Peter:A ventilation
36、 and air conditioning system in a public station area is called big system,the system in a station equipment house is called small system.Lin:How does BAS work?Peter:There are many sensors connected to each system.The sensors measure their surrounding environment from different locations,then collec
37、t physical data and send them to the BAS computer.BAS computer will calculate and analyze the data to control the whole system.Lin:That is correct.Good job,Peter.Next time we are going to talk about FAS.标题八PassageSection C Question:Do you know the functions and advantages having BAS in a metro syste
38、m?BAS BAS(Building Automation System)itself is an energy and comfort management system.It integrates the different systems in a building like HVAC,lighting,vertical transportation,fire safety and security in order to provide coordinated control of the buildings functions.BAS in a metro station can c
39、ontrol the station temperature to maximize energy savings,providing optimum comfort and safety for passengers.标题八 BAS joins mechanical and electrical systems and equipment with microprocessors,communicating with each other.In a fire emergency,a BAS can respond quickly to control the ventilation syst
40、em to minimize the spread of smoke.It also coordinates all of the functions in a metro,such as shuting down elevators in the affected area,activating fire suppression system in the fire location,and opening security and emergency doors for passengers and emergency personnel.BAS should offer the abil
41、ity to send alarms via email and telephone to alert station masters or engineers of system problems and failures.标题八 commercial kml n.商业广告 adj.商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的 tune tjun n.曲调；和谐；心情 v 调整；使一致；调音 intelligent nteldnt adj.智能的；聪明的；理解力强的 access kses n.进入；使用权；通路 v.使用；存取；接近 physical fzkl n.体格检查 adj.物理的；身体的；物质的
42、 spread spred n.传播；伸展 v.传播，散布；展开Words&Phrases标题八 maximize mksmaz v.最大化；对极为重视；达到最大值 minimize mnmaz vi.最小化；减到最少；极度轻视 electromechanical lektrmknkl adj.电动机械的，机电的 vertical vtkl n.垂直线，垂直面 adj.垂直的；头顶的 optimum ptmm n.最佳效果；最适宜条件 adj.最适宜的 microprocessor makroproses n.微处理器 activate ktvet v.刺激；使活泼；产生放射性 suppres
43、sion spren n.抑制；压抑 via va prep.渠道，通过；经由Words&Phrases标题八Extensive ReadingSection DText AText A A Brief History of Air Conditioning on the New York Metro One of the nice things about New York City in the summertime,aside from all the people fleeing elsewhere,is the reliable comfort of air conditioned
44、metro cars.“It wasnt always like this,”Benjamin Kabak of the transit blog 2nd Ave.Sagas recently reminded us.In a great retrospective that deserves its annual bump to the front page,Kabak guides us through the“turbulent”history of how New York finally controlled the temperature on its metro trains.标
45、题八 Kabak brings the story back to 1955 and a trial run that fared pretty well.The citys transit authority outfitted a metro car with an air conditioning system and measured the temperature inside at 68 to 73 degrees.The authorities didnt pick the best day for such a testoutside it was just 62 degree
46、sbut they declared their effort a success anyway.The air conditioned car was hotter than the city streets,but it was still about 15 degrees cooler than the other cars.标题八 Still it wasnt until 1967 that the city found a long term solution to its air conditioning problem,with The New York Times callin
47、g the new cooling systems on the F train“a hit”.It would be many more years before the entire fleet caught up with the new standard.In the meantime riders employed various tricks to determine which cars on each train carried the luxury.Some looked for a small grill on the roof of the car;others look
48、ed for closed windows.标题八 Kabak leaves off in 1983,when only half of the citys metro cars were air conditioned,but the next decade saw enormous progress.By 1993 roughly 99 percent of New Yorks 6,000 metro cars were air conditionedwith 7 train riders the unlucky 1 percent.Today every car is temperatu
49、re controlled and if its cooling system doesnt work then transit officials arent supposed to add it to a train.Of course sometimes they do,like when Mayor Bloomberg found himself in a sweltering car back in August of 2002.标题八 In fact many attempts to cool down New Yorks metro carsif not technically“
50、air condition”themcame well before 1955.One early effort,from back in August of 1910,equipped an I.R.T.train with four electric ceiling fans.The fans were pretty modest devices,operating at one twelfth of one horsepower,and even the superintendent in charge of the new system admitted to the Times th
