1、【COPD英文精品课件】COPD Chronic Obstructive Lung DiseaseOverviewWhat is COPD?How do I know if I have COPD?How common is it?General populationMining populationWhat increases my risk of developing COPD?How can I prevent getting COPD?How is COPD treated?What is COPD?A set of lung diseases that limit air flow
2、and is not fully reversible.COPD patients report they are“hungry”for airUsually progressive and is associated with inflammation of the lungs as they respond to noxious particles or gasesPotentially preventable with proper precautions and avoidance of precipitating factorsSymptomatic treatment is ava
3、ilable Two Major Causes of COPDChronic Bronchitis is characterized byChronic inflammation and excess mucus productionPresence of chronic productive coughEmphysema is characterized byDamage to the small,sac-like units of the lung that deliver oxygen into the lung and remove the carbon dioxideChronic
4、cough*Source:Braman,S.Update on the ATS Guidelines for COPD.Medscape Pulmonary Medicine.2005;9(1):1.Primary SymptomsChronic BronchitisChronic coughShortness of breathIncreased mucusFrequent clearing of throatEmphysemaChronic coughShortness of breathLimited activity levelNormal versus Diseased Bronch
5、iEmphysemaHow common is COPD?About 13.9%of the U.S.adult population(25+years)have been diagnosed with COPD*An estimated 15-19%of COPD cases are work-related*24 million other adults have evidence of troubled breathing,indicating COPD is under diagnosed by up to 60%*Braman,S.Update on the ATS Guidelin
6、es for COPD.Medscape Pulmonary Medicine.2005;9(1):1.*CDC programs in Brief Workplace Health and Safety-Work-related Lung Diseases.www.cdc.gov/programs/workpl18.htm*COPD Fact Sheet.Oct 2003.www/lungusa.orgCOPD-A Major Cause of Hospitalization&DeathCOPD was the:Leading cause of hospitalizations in the
7、 U.S.in 2000Fourth leading cause of deathCOPD in the Mining IndustryStudies show:An increased number of cases of chronic bronchitis in coal&gold miners Long-term exposures to low levels of silica may lead to the development of chronic bronchitis&emphysema Chronic exposure to coal dust,particularly h
8、igh levels,may lead to severe respiratory impairment(emphysema)*Hnizdo&Vallyathan Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust:a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence.Occup Environ Med 2003;60:237-243.COPD Death Rates in Mining Industry 1999Coal min
9、ing was at the top of a list of industries with a significantly elevated death rate from COPDNon-metal and metal mines were also in the top 5 industries for elevated COPD death rateTop 5 occupations for elevated COPD death rate included:Helpers,mechanics and repairersMining machine operatorsWhat can
10、 cause COPD?Smoking is the primary risk factorLong-term smoking is responsible for 80-90%of cases Smoker,compared to non-smoker,is 10 times more likely to die of COPDProlonged exposures to harmful particles and gases from:Second-hand smoke,Industrial smoke,Chemical gases,vapors,mists&fumesDusts from
11、 grains,minerals&other materialsOther Risk Factors for COPDHistory of childhood respiratory infectionsGenetic makeupIncreasing ageWays to prevent or slow the progression of COPD Stop smokingStop smoking,if you smoke,to prevent further damage to your bodySmoking cessation is critical for all severiti
12、es of COPDAvoid or protectAvoid or protect yourself from exposures toSecond-hand smoke andandOther substances such as chemical vapors,fumes,mists,dusts,and diesel exhaust fumes that irritate your lungsHow is COPD Treated?COPD can be managedcan be managed,but not curedTreatment is different for each
13、individual and is based on severity of the symptoms Early diagnosis and treatment canSlow progress of the diseaseRelieve symptomsImprove an individuals ability to stay activePrevent and treat complicationsImprove quality of lifeWhen should you see your doctor?If smoker,see doctor for baseline evalua
14、tion of your lungs When first experiencing shortness of breath or having other lung symptoms When your symptoms get worse Seek emergency medical treatment if:Breathing suddenly becomes more difficult If diagnosed with chronic bronchitis,emphysema or COPD,see doctor 1-2 times yearly to review your tr
15、eatment planWhat medications are used to treat symptoms?Bronchodilators Relaxes muscles around airwaysSteroids Reduces inflammationOxygen therapy Helps with shortness of breathWhat medications are used to prevent complications?Annual flu vaccine Reduces risk of flu and its complicationsPneumonia vac
16、cineReduces risk of common cause of pneumoniaResources&ReferencesAmerican Lung Association.Breathing hazards at work,Workplace exposures can generate breathing hazards,accessed 11/02/06 American Lung Association.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)Fact Sheet,2003 www.lungusa.orgCenters for Di
17、sease Control,DHHS,CDC Programs in Brief-Workplace Health and Safety-Work-Related Lung Disease,2005 www.cdc.gov/programs/workpl18.htm National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute,NIH.Global strategy for the diagnosis,management,and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Executive Summary,Updated 2003National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute,NIH.COPD-Key points and How is COPD treated?January,2006 http:/www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health
