1、2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题 科目名称及代码：基础英语 612 适用专业（领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考试需带的工具： 考生注意事项：1所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效； 2按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。I. Paraphrase（20 points, 2 points each）Write your answer on the answer sheet1. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.2. Serious looking men s
2、poke to each other as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.3. Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instance.4. The case had erupted round my head.5. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied- a cosmos.6. They are cattle in the fields, b
3、ut we sit down to beef.7. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalists and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A.8. Conversation is not for making a point.9. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.10. Mark Twain digested the new Americ
4、an experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.II. Vocabulary and Grammar（20 points, 1 point each）Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. _dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top exe
5、cutive.A Although B whatever C As D However2. If only I _play the guitar as well as you!A would B could C should D might3. The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by which B for which C to which D at which4. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.A stopped B had to
6、stop C shall stop D stop5 The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend.A has found B was finding C had found D would find6. Arent you tired? I _ you had done enough for today.A. should have thought B. must have thoughtC. might have thought D. could have thought
7、7. It seems that she was there at the conference. The sentence means thatA. she seems to be there at the conference.B. she seemed to be there at the conference.C. she seems to have been there at the conference.D. she seemed to being there at the conference.8. Which of the following adverbs can NOT b
8、e used to complete _ everybody came?A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost9. In How much do you think he earns? how much is _ of the sentence.A. the subject B. the adverbialC. the object D. the complement 10. The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer has all the following possible mea
9、nings EXCEPTA. the man who has prepared the documents.B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents.D. the man who will prepare the documents.11.Keepthisreferencebook;itmaycomein_oneday.A.handy B.useful C.convenient D.helpful12.Thequestionsthatthespeakerra
10、isedwerewell_theaverageadult.A.past B.on C.beyond D.through13.Teachersinthisschoolwereencouragedtousedramaasa(n)_oflearning.A.design B.instrument C.agency D.tool14.First,weneedtofindoutwhathisschemeis,andthenact_.A.sensitively B.imaginatively C.efficiently D.accordingly15.AtfirstJimwasnotquiteclearw
11、hathewasgoingtodoafteruniversity,butnowheseems_onbecomingacomputerprogrammer.A.fit B.set C.disposed D.decided16. Developing countries should adopt labor-intensive technologies to _ their comparative advantage of abundant labor.A. use B. exploit C. employ D. explore17. The tests show the earlier in l
12、ife a person hears a sound the longer it is .A. retained B. preserved C. remained D. reserved18. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever .A. understated B. undertaken C. undergone D. underneath19. Good relationship between partners are the rudders which steer joint venture
13、s through waters.A. troublesome B. troubled C. troublous D. disturbed20. The lack of manners and common politeness is not to business deals. Its a social blank.A. exclusive B. inclusive C. elusive D. impassiveIII. Cloze (30 points, 1.5 points each）Decide which of the choices given below would best c
14、omplete the passage in the corresponding blanks. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. In Japan, most people still feel that a womans place is in the home; and most women willingly accept their 1 role as wife, leaving the business of making a living
15、 2 their husbands. For those who do want a 3 of their own, opportunities are limited, and working women usually have to 4 for lower wages, fewer promotions, less responsible 5 .In America, on the other hand, most women, 6 wives and mothers, work most of their lives. But 7 , few have had real careers
16、. As in Japan most fields are 8 by men and opportunities for women have been 9 , salaries low, chances for advancement 10 . American women work mainly because they 11 ; in these days of inflation and luxury living, 12 income per family is simply not enough to 13 . So American women actually have two
17、 jobs; one nine to five position outside the home, and 14 round- the- clock in the-home job 15 wife. Housemaid, cook, and nurse. One of the main goals of the modern womens liberation movement, which started 16 , was to eliminate sex discrimination in the work force, and to 17 careers for women that
18、were previously 18 for men. And though there is still a long way to 19 , a lot of progress has been 20 .1. A) conservative B) usual C) traditional D) unhappy2. A) for B) with C) up to D) away with3. A) job B) career C) profession D) post4. A) settle B) request C) ask D) search5. A) titles B) status
19、C) assignments D) positions6. A) concerning B) including C) containing D) involving7. A) at present B) until recently C) recently D) not until recently8. A) owned B) kept C) led D) dominated9. A) restricted B) bounded C) reduced D) prohibited10. A) small B) inadequate C) rare D) scarce11. A) should
20、B) ought C) like D) have to12. A) one B) single C) only D) the one 13. A) live B) live on C) feed on D) support14. A) another B) one C) other D) the other 15. A) such as B) like C) as D) acting16. A) in the early 1960s B) in early the 1960sC) early in the 1960 D) in the early 196017. A) lead to B) o
21、pen up C) offer D) set up 18. A) preserved B) observed C) concerned D) reserved19. A) go B) travel C) strive D) pull through20. A) made B) taken C) covered D) completedIV. Reading（40 points, 2 points each）Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice
22、 and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News. He has done exposes of New York Citys welfare hotels, the over-pricing of prescription drugs, and
23、 drug abuse. In 1971, he received the Associated Press Broadcaster of the Year award for the program Drug Crisis in East Harlem. He received the award again in 1972 for the program Migrants, Dirt Cheap.His most famous expose however was done on the horrible conditions at Staten Islands Willowbrook S
24、tate School. It is the worlds largest institution for the mentally disabled. His investigation began when he and his camera crew gained access to one of the building. Geraldos emotionally charged reports exposed the unsanitary conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of the patients. He c
25、ried over what he discovered, and he made his viewers cry, too. The programs created a public plea for reform, and changes were made. Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York restored $20 million to the schools slashed budget. The programs-Willowbrook earned him the Scripps-Howard Award, an Emmy，and
26、the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award.Geraldo Rivera has continued working for the mentally disabled. He founded One-to-One, a charity that provides small group homes for the care of the mentally disabled in the community. He hosts huge outdoor festivals for the mentally disabled in New York Citys
27、Central Park. He also wrote a book about some of the courageous people he has met as an investigative journalist. It is called A Special Kind of Courage. As he himself says, “I make no pretense of objectivity. But Im not just in the business of making people cry. Im in the business of change.”1. Ger
28、aldo Rivera is working as a(n)_A) news reporter for a newspaper in New YorkB) investigative reporter for a special TV programC) investigative officer of the New York governmentD) philanthropist for the welfare of the mentally disabled2. How many awards did Rivera receive for his work?A) Two B) There
29、 C) Four D) Five3. Riveras investigation and expose on the conditions at Willowbrook State School led to _.A) the public concern and request for changes.B) the improvement of the conditions there.C) a considerable increase in the schools budgetD) all of the above4. The term “One-to-One” in the 3rd p
30、aragraph refers to_.A) an organization in the community that helps take better care of the mentally disabledB) a device that helps the mentally disabled behave themselvesC) an organization that provides homes for the mentally disabledD) a hospital that helps cure the mentally disabledPassage 2 In th
31、e same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes
32、by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning.” This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with ha
33、ppiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning.” This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to d
34、o things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day, w
35、e grow and have new experience. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this
36、person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.5. The aut
37、hors main purpose in writing the passage is to_A) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionsB) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningC) give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through learningD) discuss with psychologi
38、sts how positive and negative feelings are produced6. If you jokes often find a ready echo in a person, you will learn through _that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presenceA) classical conditioning B) operant conditioningC) neither of
39、 them D) some other sorts of conditioning7. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through_A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning
40、C) both of them D) neither of them8. In the third paragraph, the author is .A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayB) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning C) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and
41、 so on D) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning Passage 3A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female adul
42、t rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he s
43、tabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follo
44、w the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers care, the pups died. The experiments ve
45、rified that in overpopulated communities, Mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological.The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by over population. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their an
