1、M5 U2 Grammar and usage分词的用法分词的用法Step One:Revision(不定式复习）不定式复习）主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式to do to be doing to have doneto have been doing to be doneto have been done 用不定式的适当形式填空用不定式的适当形式填空:1._ the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.(complete)2.He hurried to the b
2、ooking office only_ that all the tickets had been sold out.(tell)3.They knew her well.They had seen her_ up from the childhood.(grow)4.The meeting _ tomorrow is important.(hold)5.She was the first woman_ the gold medal in the Olympic Games.(win)6.With two bad teeth _,my father has to see the doctor
3、tomorrow.(pull out)To completeto be toldgrowto be heldto win to be pulled outv一、分词分类v二、分词的性质及功能 具有_性质，可以再句子担任_。其中，现在分词表示主动的含义，或动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动含义，或动作已完成。现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词表语，定语，宾补或状语表语，定语，宾补或状语形容词或者副词形容词或者副词Step two：分词的用法：分词的用法分词的形式：分词的形式：现现 在在 分分 词词 主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been
4、done *过去分词过去分词 done(唯一形式唯一形式)*分词的否定式是在其结构前加分词的否定式是在其结构前加not形式形式与与句子主语句子主语的逻辑的逻辑关系关系与与句子谓动句子谓动时间先后时间先后doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donedone主谓关系（主动）主谓关系（主动）同时或基本同时发生同时或基本同时发生主谓关系（主动）主谓关系（主动）先于谓语动作的发生先于谓语动作的发生动宾（被动）关系动宾（被动）关系同时或基本同时发生同时或基本同时发生动宾（被动）关系动宾（被动）关系先于谓语动作的发生先于谓语动作的发生动宾（被动）关系动宾（被动）关系*
5、现在分词各种形式所表示的含义现在分词各种形式所表示的含义主语 表语 宾语 宾补 介宾 定语 状语不定式现在分词过去分词*分词的完成式不作宾补，不作定语分词的完成式不作宾补，不作定语v表语，定语，宾补或状语v1）定语va sleeping babyva baby who is sleepingva running dogva dog which is runningva broken glassv=a glass which is brokenva beaten teamv=a team which is beatenvThis is the problem discussed at the m
6、eeting.vThis is the problem which was discussed at the last meeting.vThe problem being discussed is very important.vThe problem which is being discussed is very important.v注意：v1.单个分词做定语，放在所修饰的名词之前。分词短语做定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。v2.分词做定语的句子一般能改写成定语从句。v3.区别现在分词做定语和动名词做定语v a sleeping carva sleeping babyva reading
7、roomva reading girlva swimming poolva swimming playerv动名词做定语，表示某种功能；现在分词做定语，表示动作正在进行。va hearing aid 助听器v2）表语v这个消息听起来令人振奋vThe news sounds exciting.v他们感到兴奋vThe got very excited.v他的父亲对他的成绩感到很满意。vHis father seems pleased with his score.v我的表不见了vMy watch is gone.v注意：vdo+ing 令人.vdo+ed 感到v(分词作表语具有形容词特征分词作表语
8、具有形容词特征,没有动作意义没有动作意义)v3）宾补v当我醒来的时候，我发现妈妈正坐在我旁边。vWhen I woke up,I found my mother sitting beside me.v我想找人秤这个包裹的重量。vId like to have this package weighed.v我听到铃在某个地方正在响起。vI hear a bell ringing somewhere.v我找人把牙给拔了。vI had a tooth pulled off.v我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。vI found the snake eating the eggs.v我看到蛇吃鸡蛋。vI found t
9、he snake(to)eat the eggs.v我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。vI found the eggs eaten by the snake.vHe heard someone calling him.v他听到有人正在喊他。vHe heard his name called.v他听到他的名字被叫。vI cant make myself understood because of my poor English.v因为我糟糕的英语，我不能让自己被理解。vI didnt make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall.v许
10、多人在大厅里喊叫，所以我不能让自己被听见。v注意：v1.后接宾语再接分词做宾补的常用动词：感官动词：hear see notice watch feel find 使役动词：make let have getv 2.动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词做宾补区别:动词不定式做宾补，表示动作全过程；现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词做宾补表示被动概念。分词作状语分词作状语1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.Her husband died ten years ago,leaving her three childre
11、n to look after.Reading carefully,youll learn something new.Traveling by car,we visited many places.He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.(时间、结果、条件、方式、伴随时间、结果、条件、方式、伴随)Not knowing her address,we couldnt visit her in person.Having found the cause,the doctors were able to treat the disease and cure i
12、t.Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.总结：总结：现在分词作状语时，其动作与谓语的动作同时或基现在分词作状语时，其动作与谓语的动作同时或基本同时发生时，用一般体，即用本同时发生时，用一般体，即用doing sthdoing sth.形式；如果分词形式；如果分词的动作先于谓语动作发生时，用完成体，即用的动作先于谓语动作发生时，用完成体，即用having donehaving done sth.sth.形式；如果是否定，在分词前加形式；如果是否定，在分词前加notnot，即用，即用not doing not doing sth.sth.
13、或或not having done sth.not having done sth.形式。形式。generally speaking（一般地来说）（一般地来说）judging from/by（根据（根据判断）判断）considering（考虑到）（考虑到）taking.into consideration（把（把.考虑进考虑进去）去）providing（如果），（如果），supposing（假设），（假设），Judging from his accent,he must be from the south.Considering your health,youd better have a r
14、est.2.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.The old man went into the room,supported by his daughter.(时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随)
15、总结：总结：过去分词作状语表示分词表示的动作与句子主语之过去分词作状语表示分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，如果是否定，用间是被动关系，如果是否定，用not done。分词作状语还可由连词引起，表示各种意义：分词作状语还可由连词引起，表示各种意义：1.Please take notes while listening to the report.2.When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.3.Though lacking money,the parents still managed to send their son
16、to college.4.Young people should go and work wherever needed.5.Once published,the book will become a best-seller.6.I wont attend his wedding party unless invited.v注意v1.分词做状语可以还原为状语从句。v2.运用此类句型时，前后主语要保持一致。随堂练习与巩固随堂练习与巩固高考高考英语语法分类汇编英语语法分类汇编-分词分词（09福建）1._not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set
17、out for the airport in a hurry.A.Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded (09四川)2._ many times,he finally understood it.A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Having been told（09安徽）3.The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A.produced B.being producedC.to be produced D.havin
18、g been producedBCD(09江西)4.The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forced B.forcing C.to be forced D.having forced(09上海)5.Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A.having held B.to
19、 hold C.holding D.hold(09浙江)6._and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A.to tire B.Tired C.Tiring D.Being tiredBCB(09湖南)7.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,_ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future.A.living;wondering B.lived;wonderin
20、gC.lived;wondered D.living;wondered(09江西)8._ the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.A.Giving B.Having given C.To give D.Given(09重庆)9.Michaels new house is like a huge palace,_with his old one.A.comparing B.compares C.to compare D.comparedADD1
21、.Faced with a bill for$10，000，_.A.John has taken an extra jobB.the boss has given John an extra jobC.an extra job has been takenD.an extra job has been given to John 3._to reach them on the phone，we sent an email,instead A.Fail B.Failed C.To fail D.Having failed4._around the Water Cube,we were then
22、taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shown D.To show2.He is a student at Oxford University,_for a degree in computer science.A.studied B.studying C.to have studied D.to be studying5.in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a docto
23、r.A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed6._from media reports,the result has been unclear.A.To judge B.Having judged C.Judging D.Judged7._out of the office building,suddenly a car stopped infront of me.A.To come B.Having come C.Coming D.The moment I came8.My cousin came to see me from the
24、country,_ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A.brought B.bringing C.to bring D.had brought Fill the passage with proper form Our English teacher,Miss Wang is friendly with us,_ _from Hunan province.We are _(interest)in her class,because her class is lively and _.(interest)Like many other teachers,she
25、devotes herself to _(work)and spends most of the time _(stay)with students._ _(consider)our poor English,she comes to our classroom almost every morning,_(watch)over the students _(read)English.She has a special way to deal with the students _(sleep)in class.She will ask these students _(answer)the
26、questions_ (give)by herself.She is busy with her job all the day._(finish)all the work,she goes home to have a rest.But it is very late in the day.Miss Wang is such a responsible teacher that all of us like her very inginterestedinterestingworkingstayingConsideringwatchingreadingsleepingto answergiv
27、enHaving finished难题解析难题解析1.When _ help,one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offeredD 解析：解析：本题考查分词作状语与连词的连用。解题关键是本题考查分词作状语与连词的连用。解题关键是判断动词判断动词 offer 与句子主语的关系，此处为被动关系，与句子主语的关系，此处为被动关系，故用过去分词故用过去分词 offered,补充完整该句子为：补充完整该句子为：When one is offered help,one o
28、ften says.难题解析难题解析2.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.openedD 解析：解析：本题考查分词作定语，解题关键是判断动词本题考查分词作定语，解题关键是判断动词open与被修饰名词与被修饰名词 the computer center 的关系，即被动，的关系，即被动，所以用过去分词，相当于一个非限制定语从句：所以用过去分词，相当于一个非限制定语从句：which was opened
29、 last year难题解析难题解析3.The manager,_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.A.who has made B.having made C.made D.makingB解析：解析：本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词make与主与主句主语是主动关系，且该动作发生在主语谓语动作之前，句主语是主动关系，且该动作发生在主语谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式故用现在分词的完成式：having done。A项应为：项应为：who had made难题解析
30、难题解析4._an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.(2013江苏高考）江苏高考）A.Based B.Basing C.Base D.To base B解析：解析：本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词base与主与主句主语是主动关系，词组句主语是主动关系，词组 baseon意思为意思为“将将基基于于”，故用，故用doing.句意：如果你做决定的时候更多的句意：如果你做决定的时候更多的基于情感而非理智，你早晚会后悔。基于情感而非
31、理智，你早晚会后悔。难题解析难题解析5.While watching television,_.A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings C解析：解析：本题考查现在分词作状语，与连词一起使用时，本题考查现在分词作状语，与连词一起使用时，主句主语要与从句保持一致。句子补充完整应该是：主句主语要与从句保持一致。句子补充完整应该是：While we were watching television,we heard the doorbell ring.谢谢 谢！谢！放映结束 感谢各位批评指导！让我们共同进步
