1、专题三 形容词和副词高考英语（课标专用）高考英语（课标专用）()()()()()()“ly”形容词的基本用法形容词 形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则 形容词构词法 副词的基本用法副词 副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 形容词构成副词的规则网络清单网络清单一、形容词的基本用法一、形容词的基本用法 考点一 形容词、副词的基本用法考点清单考点清单功能例句定语前置定语These are valuable suggestions.这些是宝贵的建议。后置定语He is the happiest person alive.他是世上最快乐的人。(表语形容词作后置定语)Do you have anything imp
2、ortant to tell me?你有重要的事情要告诉我吗?(形容词修饰复合不定代词,作后置定语)This is a book suitable for children.这是一本适合孩子们的书。(形容词短语作后置定语)表语His suggestions are very valuable.他的建议很有价值。宾补I consider his suggestion very valuable.我认为他的建议很有价值。状语He returned home,safe and sound.他回到了家,安然无恙。(结果状语)He is standing there,full of fear.他站在那里
3、,充满了恐惧。(伴随状语)二、副词的基本用法二、副词的基本用法1.副词的句法功能副词的句法功能2.频度副词及频度副词及enough作状语的位置作状语的位置题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive (attract)to young people.The book provides valuable (value)information on recent trends.Im truly (true)sorry that things had to end like this.We are all
4、 entirely (entire)responsible for our actions.There have been some problems but basically (basic)its a good system.考点二 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则1.规则变化规则变化注意:词尾为“元音字母+-y”时,y不变,直接加-er或-est。有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most common
5、clevercleverer/more clevercleverest/most cleversimplesimpler/more simplesimplest/most simple在形容词原级之前加less,least而构成的比较级与最高级称为“较低级”与“最低级”形式。kindless kindleast kindusefulless usefulleast useful一些复合形容词的比较等级well-knownbetter-knownbest-known有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,故没有比较级和最高级。如:right正确的,wrong错误的,excellent
6、最好的,final最后的,last最后的,possible可能的,first第一的,east东方的,empty空的,wooden木制的,impossible不可能的。题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空The more he talked,the angrier (angry)he became.This film is more interesting (interest)than any other one that I have ever seen.He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less (little)beer.
7、二、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则二、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则1.1.规则变化规则变化:与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则相同。与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则相同。2.2.不规则变化不规则变化一、构成形容词的常见后缀一、构成形容词的常见后缀1.1.名词名词+-al/-ual+-al/-ualculturecultural文化的agricultureagricultural农业的naturenatural自然的 physicsphysical物理学的,身体的,物质的 musicmusical音乐的practicepractical实际的,实用的nationnational国家的 techn
8、iquetechnical技术的 industryindustrial工业的考点三 形容词、副词构词法actactual实际的2.名词名词+-icelectronelectronic电子的 basebasic基础的atomatomic原子的energyenergetic精力充沛的sciencescientific科学的3.名词名词+-ishfoolfoolish愚蠢的childchildish幼稚的womanwomanish女人气的,娘娘腔的4.名词名词+-fulcarecareful仔细的powerpowerful强大的teartearful充满泪水的 beautybeautiful美丽的h
9、opehopeful充满希望的wonderwonderful精彩的,绝妙的harmharmful有害的useuseful有用的frightfrightful可怕的5.名词名词+-lesscarecareless粗心的hopehopeless无希望的useuseless无用的homehomeless无家可归的wirewireless无线的endendless无休止的selfselfless无私的valuevalueless微不足道的6.名词名词+-aryrevolutionrevolutionary革命的elementelementary基本的,初级的7.名词名词+-enwoodwooden木制
10、的goldgolden金色的woolwoolen羊毛的8.名词名词+-erneasteastern东方的westwestern西方的9.名词名词+-ysunsunny晴朗的funfunny有趣的cloudcloudy多云的 shineshiny有光泽的,光亮的windwindy多风的rainrainy多雨的lucklucky幸运的saltsalty咸的hillhilly多小山的healthhealthy健康的sleepsleepy困的mudmuddy泥泞的wealthwealthy富有的noisenoisy嘈杂的10.名词名词+-ousdangerdangerous危险的famefamous著
11、名的envyenvious羡慕的;妒忌的nervenervous紧张的poisonpoisonous有毒的mountainmountainous多山的humorhumorous幽默的11.动词动词+-iveactactive积极的 expenseexpensive昂贵的impressimpressive印象深刻的talktalkative健谈的comparecomparative比较的relaterelative有联系的12.动词动词+-edexciteexcited感到激动的learnlearned有知识的tiretired疲劳的surprisesurprised感到奇怪的13.动词动词+-
12、inginterestinteresting有趣的movemoving动人的14.名词名词/动词动词+-able/-iblevaluevaluable有价值的reasonreasonable有道理的comfortcomfortable舒服的countcountable可数的enjoyenjoyable令人愉快的horrorhorrible可怕的terrorterrible可怕的15.名词名词/动词动词+-sometroubletroublesome令人烦恼的,讨厌的 tiretiresome烦人的16.名词名词/动词动词+-ant/-entpleasepleasant令人高兴的differen
13、cedifferent不同的insistinsistent坚持的distancedistant遥远的convenienceconvenient方便的二、形容词二、形容词+-ly构成副词的规则构成副词的规则情况构成例词一般情况加-lyquickquicklybravebravelyimmediateimmediately以辅音字母+-y结尾将y改为i再加-lyeasyeasilyhappyhappilyheavyheavilybusybusily以-le结尾去e加-ysimplesimplygentlegently以元音字母+-e结尾去e加-lytruetruly以-ll结尾只加-yfullfu
14、llydulldully以-ic结尾加-allybasicbasicallyscientificscientifically温馨提示1.注意以下形容词变副词的拼写wholewholly 完全地shyshyly害羞地drydryly/drily干燥地goodwell 好地2.注意以-ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的lovely 可爱的lively充满活力的lonely 孤独的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly每年的daily每日的weekly每周的题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空Anyone,whether he is an official or a bus dri
15、ver,should be equally (equal)respected.The numbers are particularly (particular)high in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou.考点四 易混形容词、副词的用法1.表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系题组训练题组训练单句改错Many a glad day have come in my life.havehas There is a plenty of evidence of poverty.去掉a You can take as much boo
16、ks as possible.muchmany 题组训练题组训练用ago,before填空I was asked to make a speech a month ago .I called him up last night,but his mother told me he had left for Wuhan two days before .Have you seen this film before?题组训练题组训练用possible,probable,likely填空Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from ba
17、ck prob-lems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.It is very late.I will come back as soon as possible .It is likely/possible/probable that they will meet with some opposi-tion.题组训练题组训练用 ever,once填空Have you ever been to Beijing?I once lived in Beijing.题组训练题组训练用 latter,later,late
18、,lately,latest填空He is often late for school lately ,and nobody knows the reason.A month later ,he handed in the latter part of his essay.Sara has all the latest pop records.题组训练题组训练用either,too,also,as well 填空He speaks English and Spanishas well .Healso speaks Spanish.He speaks Spanish,too .I dont li
19、ke the red shirt and I dont like the green oneeither .7.nearly,almost,hardly(1)almost 可以与any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配,但nearly 却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any,hardly anybody 来代替almost no,almost nobody。Almost nobody came to the party.=Hardly anybody came to the party.几乎没人来参加这个聚会。You can find the meaning
20、 of almost any word here.在这里你可以找到几乎任何一个词的意思。(2)否定词not 可放在nearly 之前,构成not nearly结构,意为“一点儿也不,相差甚远”,但没有not almost结构。She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.她一点儿也没有她妹妹漂亮。(3)almost 和nearly 都可用于修饰具有极端之意的形容词,但不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词。That is a(n)almost/nearly perfect plan.那几乎是一个完美的计划。Almost none of us could solve the math problem,for it is too diffi-cult.I must be getting fatI can hardly do my trousers up.There isntnearly enough time to learn all these words.题组训练题组训练用nearly,almost,hardly填空注意:对于so,such的相近用法见专题六中的结果状语从句。
