1、A-Body-Paragraph-New-Hanover-County-Schools-26页PPT资料Where does a body paragraph fit into the research paper process?Brainstormthe topicMake it morespecificWrite downyour topicResearchSource cardsNote cardsMLA citationsWorks cited pageParenthetical citationsOutlineThesissentenceBodyparagraphsIntroduc
2、tory&concludingparagraphs23457101198131261Copy&paste workscited page to back of research paper14 A body paragraph is the basic paragraph of a research paper or an essay.Body paragraphs are all the paragraphs between the introductory paragraph and the conclusion.Body paragraphs support and prove your
3、 thesis.You learned about them in middle school:ConclusionIntroductionBody paragraph#1Body paragraph#2Body paragraph#3Were going to learn how to write an effective body paragraph for a research paper.The body paragraphs structure may remind you of a certain food.Which of these three is your favorite
4、?Support reason 1Support reason 2Support reason 3TopicsentenceConclusionTopic sentenceSupport sentence 1Proof sentence 1Support sentence 2Proof sentence 2Support sentence 3Proof sentence 3Concluding sentenceThe McParagraph logic:The McParagraphsentences:Topic Sentences Topic sentences state the main
5、 idea of the paragraph.The rest of the paragraph must expand on,describe,or prove what the topic sentence states in some way.A good topic sentence make a point and suggests the logical structure of the rest of the paragraph.Which are good topic sentences?Texas has 267,000 square miles.Texas is so bi
6、g that you can find many things to do.There are several ways of accurately telling how old fossils are.The animal dies and sinks to the sea floor.Topic sentenceSupport sentence 1Proof sentence 1Support sentence 2Proof sentence 2Support sentence 3Proof sentence 3Concluding sentenceNow well lookat sup
7、port andproof sentences A topic sentence is the first sentence in your body paragraph.A support sentence gives a reason in support of the paragraphs topic sentence.A proof sentence proves a support sentence by providing a detail or quotation from a source.A conclusion(one sentence)refers back to the
8、 topic,provides a logical closing,and may provide a transition to the next body paragraph.What makes each sentence in the following body paragraph what it is:a topic,support,proof,or concluding sentence?The political success of Lincolns speech-the last speech in a series sponsored by the Young Mens
9、Central Republican Union of New York that winter(Holtzer 13)-had something to do with timing and luck.A sizable number of Republican leaders were worried that the front-running candidate,New York Senator William Henry Seward,was perceived by the Northern electorate as too close to the unpopular abol
10、itionist movement(Holtzer 32).“Lincolns best ally in the winter of 1860 was his lack of association with the abolitionists in the mind of New Yorkers,”according to Holtzer(32).Republicans were worried also that Seward has little appeal in the West(Illinois,Ohio,etc.)(Burris 126).Burris asserts that“
11、Indiana and Illinois Republicans perceived Seward as an Eastern liberal”(127).Lincoln also benefited from the political machinations of the speech seriess sponsors.The Young Republicans planned the speech series ostensibly to introduce alternative candidates to Seward,but the real motivation of the
12、groups leader,James A.Briggs,was to damage Seward enough to promote his favorite alternative,Ohio governor Salmon P.Chase(Holtzer 34).The Republican partys soul-searching and the secret motivations of the series sponsors gave Lincoln the opening he needed.TopicSupportProofSupportProofSupportProofUsi
13、ng MLA Signal Phrases A signal phrase is how you introduce quotes in your paper.Heres a list of commonly used signal phrasesdisputesemphasizesendorsesgrantsacknowledgesaddsillustratesimpliesinsistsnotesobservespoints outadmitsagreesarguesassertsbelievesclaimscommentscomparesreasonsreportsrespondssug
14、geststhinkswritesconfirmscontendsdeclaresdeniesYou should integrate quotes as smoothly as possible but NOT make the quotes look like your words According to ornithologist Jay Shepherd,The bald eagle seems to have stabilized its population,at the very lease,almost everywhere”(96).In the words of rese
15、archer Herbert Terrace,“”(22).As Flora Davis has noted,“”(5).“.,”claims linguist Noam Chomsky.It is not always necessary to quote full sentences from a source.At times you may wish to borrow only a phrase or to weave part of a sources sentence into your own sentences structure.Brian Millsap claims t
16、hat the banning of DDT in 1972 was“the major turning point”leading to the eagles comeback(2).The ultrasonography machine takes approximately 250 views of each side.Mary Spletter likens the process to“examining an entire loaf of bread,one slice at a time”(40).When you quote more than four typed lines
17、,set off the quotation by indenting it ten spaces from the left margin.Desmond describes how Washoe,when the Gardners returned her to an ape colony in Oklahoma,tried signing to the other apes:One particularly memorable day,a snake spread terror through the castaways on the ape island,and all but one
18、 fled in panic.This make sat absorbed,staring intently at the serpent.Then Washoes was seen running over signing to him“come,hurry up”(42).Parenthetical DocumentationAuthor in Signal Phrase,Page Number in ParenthesisOrdinarily,you should introduce the material being cited with a signal phrase that i
19、ncludes the authors last name&/the title of the work:Flora Davis reports that a chimp at the Yerkes Primate Research Center“has combined words into new sentences that she was never taught”(67).The signal phrase”Flora Davis reports”provides the name of the author;the parenthetical citation gives the
20、page number where the quoted sentence may be found.Author&Page Number in ParenthesesIf the signal phrase does not include the authors last name,the authors last name must appear in parentheses along with the page number:Although the baby chimp lived only a few hours,Washoe signed to it before it die
21、d(Davis 42).Two or More Works by the Same AuthorIf your list of works cited includes two or more works by the same author,include the title of the work either in the signal phrase or in abbreviated form in the parenthetical reference:In Eloquent Animals,Flora David reports that a chimp at the Yerkes
22、 Primate Research Center“has combined words into sentences that she was never taught”(67).Flora David reports that a chimp at the Yerkes Primate Research Center“has combined words into sentences that she was never taught”(Davis,Eloquent 42).Writing the paragraphsIn order to understand the importance
23、 of Graduation Project,it is important to understand its beginning.Jane Doe created what was then called Senior Project as a means of reaching her senior English students who were bored with the usual selection of classic British literature selections(Senior 1).Additionally,Doe saw that many of her
24、students were,in her opinion,“wasting senior year with easy classes”(Doe 3).To illustrate this,Doe quotes one of her former students:“I saw that so many of my students thought that senior year would be an easy year;to me,that meant a meaningless year.I thought that a childs final year in high school
25、 should be more significant”(name 12).Doe thought that a project that students could relate to would help make senior year more meaningful.Once she started senior project,it quickly spread across California and the West Coast.By 2019,297 high school across the country had made Senior Project a part of senior English(Facts 22).Even though the project started out small,so many teachers,students,and community members recognized its potential that Senior Project quickly became a reality for countless seniors.
