Unit 4 Reading and Thinking (ppt课件+视频)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.rar

Unit 4Unit 4UNIT 4 UNIT 4 UNIT 4 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERSDescribe a natural disasterToreadnewsreportaboutTangshanearthquake.Tousecontexttounderstandnewwordsandexpressions,predictingbeforereading,summarizingthemainideaofeachparagraph.Todescribeandtalkaboutanaturaldisaster.List the natural disasters you know.earthquaketornadowildfiredroughtlandslidetsunamifloodvolcaniceruptionAtleast1,419peoplehavediedafterapowerfulmagnitude-7.3earthquakestruckHaitionSaturday,14,August.Thepowerfulquakealsodestroyedmorethan37,000homes,officialssaid.Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake.Acitycanbedamagedinanearthquake.Theelectricitycangodown.Thewatercanbeunsafetodrink.Firescanstart.Peoplecanpanicorgetseverelyinjured.THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPLook at the title and photos on page 50,guess what the text is about.THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPWhatdoweknowfromthephotos?Whatdoesthetitlemean?Doestheearthsleepasyoudo?Whoarethesepeople?Whataretheydoing?Whatmighthappenonthenight?Whatdoyouthinkthetextismainlyabout?Guess what the text is mainly about.A.Itsastoryaboutadisaster.B.Itsastoryaboutgreatchanges.C.Itsastoryaboutasleeplessnight.D.Itsastoryaboutthebuildingofanewcity.Part1(para._)Part2(para._)Part3(para._)12-34-5RevivalaftertheearthquakeSignsbeforetheearthquakeDamageduringtheearthquakeSkim the passage and match the main idea of each part.Skim and find out the topic sentences.ParagraphTopicsentence12345StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedas if theworldwerecomingtoanend.Therewasnothingbutruins.Buthopewasnotlost.Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.好像好像v.复活复活Listen and read the text carefully and then write down the main idea of each paragraph.Para1:Warningsighsbeforetheearthquake.Para2:Para3:Para4:Para5:Thehappeningofthebigearthquake.Theimmediateeffectsoftheearthquake.Therescuework.Therevivalofthecity.Scan the text and find the words below.Guess what they mean from the context.ruinbricktrapburyUse context to understand new wordsWhenyouseeawordyoudonotknow,donotstopandlookitupinadictionary.Ifyoucontinuereading,thecontextwillprobablyhelpyouunderstandwhatitmeans.n.语境语境;背景背景利利用语境猜测词义用语境猜测词义。一一、生词所在句子或段落中出现的其它词汇的意、生词所在句子或段落中出现的其它词汇的意思；二、文本的主题知识；三、生思；二、文本的主题知识；三、生词在词在句子中的语法结构知识。下句子中的语法结构知识。下面面看看看如何利用语境猜测看如何利用语境猜测ruin和和brick的词义。的词义。第第二段二段ruin上上下下文提取信文提取信息：息：comingtoanend,deadlyearthquakes,damage,crack,cutacross,riversofdirt,dead,injured,withoutparents,killed,badlyinjured。描。描述述了毁了毁灭性的画灭性的画面：面：thelargecitywasdestroyedcompletely，可，可以猜以猜测测ruin“毁坏，破坏毁坏，破坏”。第第三段三段brick上上文文About75percentofthecitysfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone及该词所在句及该词所在句coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway可知，工厂、建筑物、房子、医院等消失不见了，风没能可知，工厂、建筑物、房子、医院等消失不见了，风没能吹走的红色物体遍地都是吹走的红色物体遍地都是，可，可以推以推测测brick“砖，砖块砖，砖块”。n.Itdescribesthecitystraightaftertheearthquake.Inashorttime,alotofdamagewasdone,soitmustdescribeaplacethathasbeenbadlydamaged.brickruinruinbricktrapburyn.Itisusedtodescribethebuildingsthathavefallen.Theyareredlikeleaves,butalsoheavy,becausethewindcannotmovethem.Theysoundliketheredclayblockscommonlyusedtobuildbuildings.Imagine a natural disaster has struck here.Write sentences using the words above.trapburyruinbricktrapburyv.Itisusedtodescribepeoplewhoarenotdead,buttheyneedhelptobedugout,soitmustmeantheycannotmovebecausetheyarestucksomewhere.v.Itisusedtodescribewhathappenstothedeadbodies.Theyareoftenputintothegroundandcovered,sothatcouldbewhatthismeans.Read the sentences describing what happened after a huge earthquake.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the new words and phrases from the text.1.Thehugeearthquakeleftnearlythewholecity_.2.Everyonewas_,thinkingtheworldmustbecomingtoanend.3.Millionsofpeoplewereleftwithoutwater,foodor_.inruinsinshockelectricity4.Soldiersandvolunteersworkedashardastheycouldtopullaway_androcks,andrescuethosewhowere_undertheruins.5.Somewerefoundalive,thoughtheyweresufferingfromterribleinjures,butothershadalreadystopped_whentheywerediscovered.6.Afewbuildingswerestillstanding,butpeoplewereafraidtousethemasshelters,worryingtheywouldbe_ifthebuildingsfell.breathingburiedbrickstrappedv.遭受遭受;受苦受苦()ItevencauseddamagetoBeijingwhichismorethan150kilometersaway.()Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturybegan.()Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain,makingwaterandfoodhardertoget.()Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandwaterways.()Sandfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.21453Read paras 2-3,put the sentences into the right order.Fill in the following chart.THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDNTSLEEPTimeWhathappenedPeoplesreactionTheresultBeforetheearthquakeThewellwaterroseandfell,wellwalls1._,andsomesmellygascameout.Chickenandpigsweretoo2._toeat,anddogsrefusedtogo3._buildings.Miceranoutofthe4._andfishjumpedoutofthewater.5._wereseenintheskyandloudnoiseswereheard.Peoplepaidnoattentiontothemanddidnothing.Peoplewere6._asusual.crackednervousinsidefieldsBrightlightsasleepTimeWhathappenedPeoplesreactionTheresultDuringtheearthquakeEverythingbegantoshake.Alargecitylayin7._.Another8._shookTangshanagain.Peoplewere9._.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeador10._.ruinsbigquakeinshockinjuredTimeWhathappenedPeoplesreactionTheresultAftertheearthquakeThearmysentsoldierstorescue,doctorsandnursescametohelpandworkersbuilt11._forsurvivors.Thecitybeganto12._again.Tangshanbeganto13._itselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.Peoplewerehopefuland14._.Peopleunifiedandusedtheir15._torebuildanewTangshansheltersbreatherevivepositivewisdomEarthquakescarednervousshockeddamageslivesinruinsrescuemedicalteamhelicoptersheltereventsSanFranciscoTangshanWenchuanbuildingscracksComplete the mind map with key words related to the earthquakes that you know.evacuatingBaliislandfeelings1.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!明明喻喻simile是是用另一种事物比喻要说明的事物，通过比用另一种事物比喻要说明的事物，通过比喻词将两者联系起来。常见的比喻词有喻词将两者联系起来。常见的比喻词有like,as,asif,asthough,seem和和as.as.等。本句使用了明等。本句使用了明喻修喻修辞手法，辞手法，comingtoanend让读者真切地感受到地震的强度和破让读者真切地感受到地震的强度和破坏性。坏性。2.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.由由like可知，本句使用明可知，本句使用明喻修喻修辞手法。将满地的辞手法。将满地的bricks比喻比喻为为redautumnleaves（红色的秋叶），呈现出一片狼藉的（红色的秋叶），呈现出一片狼藉的景象，渲染出悲伤的氛围。景象，渲染出悲伤的氛围。but转折的使用及转折的使用及“没有风可没有风可以吹走以吹走”更让读者体会到灾难面前人们的无助和无力。更让读者体会到灾难面前人们的无助和无力。3.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.拟拟人人personification就就是赋予物以人的言语属性。由是赋予物以人的言语属性。由breathe可知，本句使用拟人修辞手法，把可知，本句使用拟人修辞手法，把city描写得栩描写得栩栩如生，使读者感受到这座遭受过巨大创伤的城市开始栩如生，使读者感受到这座遭受过巨大创伤的城市开始复活，对这座城市充满了希望。复活，对这座城市充满了希望。4.Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.使使用拟用拟人人personification修修辞手法，赋予了唐山这辞手法，赋予了唐山这座城市生命，并且凭借自己的力量站立起来，体座城市生命，并且凭借自己的力量站立起来，体现了人们面对灾难时坚强不屈的毅力和魄力。现了人们面对灾难时坚强不屈的毅力和魄力。Answer the questions.1.Whatweresomeofthestrangethingshappeningbeforetheearthquake?Doyouthinktheywerewarningsigns?Whyorwhynot?Beforetheearthquake,thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell.Deepcracksappearedintheirwalls.Animalswereactingstrangely.Ithinkthesewerewarningsignsasthisdoesntusuallyhappenanditshowedsomethingstrangewashappeningbelowtheground.Sometimesanimalshavemoresensitivereactionstosomecomingdangers.2.Whatdoesthewritermeanby“Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain”?Thewritermeansthatthecitybegantofunctionagain,becausetheearthquakehadstoppedpeopleandsuppliesmovingabout,andsoitwaslikethecitycouldntbreathe.3.Howdidtheauthorwritethedetailsofthedamage?A.IntimeorderB.InspaceorderC.ByexampleswithdataD.Bymakingcontrasts(对比对比)4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,inwhichaspecthasTangshanimproveditself?A.IndustryB.EnvironmentC.TransportationD.Alloftheabove.1.WhatdoyouthinkhelpedintherevivalofTangshancity?IthinktherevivalofTangshanwashelpedbythestrongsupportofthegovernmentandthepeoplewhoallworkedinunitytorebuildthecityevenbetterthanbefore.Discuss the questions.2.Whatothercitiesortownshavegonethroughsimilarchanges?Whatlessonscanwelearnfromtheseevent?WenchuancountyandsomeothertownsnearWenchuanhavethesimilarexperiences.Thesetownswerebuiltupfromtheruins.Aswellasdevelopingbetterwaystodetectandprepareforthesedisasters,wehavelearntthatactingquicklyandinunityisthebestwaytogetoversuchdisasters.Thestrongsupportfromgovernmentandpeoplearoundarealsoveryimportant.R:Wherewereyouwhentheearthquakebegan?S:Iwas.R:Whatdidyouseeandhear?S:Iremembered.;Isaw.;Thecity.R:Howwasyourfeeling?S:Ifelt.;Illneverforget.Role-play(the reporter,the survivor,the rescue worker,etc.)to present an interview after an earthquake.R=reporter S=survivorManysentencesinthetextgiveusapictureoftheterribleearthquakeinTangshan.Whichsentencesimpressedyoumost?Why?Numbersarewidelyusedinthetext.Whydoestheauthormentionsomanynumbers?Inparagraph1,manyverbsorverbalphrases,suchasrose,fell,comingoutof,andranoutofareused.Whydoestheauthorusethemhere?Nowhowdoyouunderstandthetitle?Doyouthinkthetitleisagoodone?Ifnot,canyougiveanothertitletothetext?报告文学报告文学报告文学报告文学literaryjournalism：是是介于新闻报道和文学作品之介于新闻报道和文学作品之间的文体，其题材和所描写的人物是真实发生的历史事件和间的文体，其题材和所描写的人物是真实发生的历史事件和真实人物。报告文学和普通新闻报道的区别：报告文学对时真实人物。报告文学和普通新闻报道的区别：报告文学对时间发生的环境和所涉及的人物有生动的描绘，并用多种修辞间发生的环境和所涉及的人物有生动的描绘，并用多种修辞方法来组织语言，更方法来组织语言，更能能激发激发读读者情感，打动读者。报告文学者情感，打动读者。报告文学要遵循真实性原则，但又要有别于新闻报道的简明扼要，也要遵循真实性原则，但又要有别于新闻报道的简明扼要，也要有别于文学创作的虚构。文中数据的使用就突出和体现了要有别于文学创作的虚构。文中数据的使用就突出和体现了报告文学的纪实性特色，增强了时间的真实感。报告文学的纪实性特色，增强了时间的真实感。What would you do if a big earthquake hit your city?Dontpanicorruninahurry.CalmdownandHideinacornerofthehouse.Turnoffthegas.Keepawayfromthepowerlines,signsandbuildings.Usesomethinghardtoprotectyourhead.Nevertrytousethelift.Runoutofthebuildingasfastasyoucan.Ifyoucantgetoutimmediately,hidebelowyourdeskquickly.Ifyoureontheplayground,donotmove,protectyourheadbyyourhands.Stayawayfromthetallbuildings,powerlines,treesWatch the following videos about high-technology,safety recommendations and rescue team,then talk about them.Insomecountries,rescueworkersarenotnecessarilyworkingforthegovernment.Theyworkfornon-profitorganizationswhosemissionistohelppeoplesufferingfromemergencies(naturaldisastersorotheremergencies).Theseorganizationsareoftensupportedbyprivatedonors,companiesorindividualdonations.Theywilloftenfundraiseinwealthycountriesduringlargenaturaldisastersinpoorercountries.Rescue workers Retell the passage.InthecityofTangshan,Hebeiin1976,strangethingswerehappening.Peopleheardstrangenoisesandsawbrightlightsintheskyandanimalswereafraid.Then,intheearlyhoursofthemorningofJuly28,theearthshook.NearlyathirdofChinafeltoneofthebiggestearthquakesinthetwentiethcentury.InlessthanoneminuteTangshanwasinruinsandmorethan400,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.IntheafternoonanotherquakeshookTangshanagain.Butthenthearmy,doctors,nursesandworkersallcametohelp.Theyrescuedthetrappedpeople,broughtwaterandfoodforthesurvivors,providedmedicalcareandbuiltshelters.Slowly,Tangshanbegantorecover.Now,thenewcityhasrevivedandshowntheworldthewisdomtostaypositive.I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Ifasnowslidestrikes,skierscanbe_(bury)alivebysnow.2.ItssoairlessinhereIcanhardly_(breath).3.Aneconomic_(revive)issweepingthecountry.4.Thetowerwasmadeof_(brick).5.Manykindsof_(metal)areusedtomakethepartsofthismachine.buriedbreatherevivalbricksmetalsII.根据句意及首根据句意及首字母，写出该单词的正确形字母，写出该单词的正确形式。式。1.Onethirdofpeoplewerestillt_undertheruins.2.Suddenlythee_wentoffandwewereincompletedarkness.3.Thehousewasb_undertenfeetofsnow.4.Peoplecannotliveuptherebecausetheairistoothinandthereisnotenoughoxygentob_.5.Thebuildings_seriousdamageduringtheearthquake.6.Thankstotheire_,thebuildingwassavedfromthefire.trappedelectricityburiedbreathesufferedeffortsIII.英汉互译。英汉互译。1.IminshockIcantbelievewhathashappened.2.这座古老的宫殿在战争后沦为废墟。这座古老的宫殿在战争后沦为废墟。3.没有水，生命将会终结。没有水，生命将会终结。4.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.我很吃惊，我不相信所发生的事情我很吃惊，我不相信所发生的事情。Theoldpalacewasinruinsafterthewar.Withoutwater,lifewouldcometoanend.经经验是智慧之母。验是智慧之母。Everyhumanbeinghasabasicinstinct:tohelpeachotherout.Ifahikergetslostinthemountains,peoplewillcoordinateasearch.Ifatraincrashes,peoplewilllineuptogiveblood.Ifanearthquakelevelsacity,peopleallovertheworldwillsendemergencysupplies.Thisissofundamentallyhumanthatitsfoundineveryculturewithoutexception.The Martian每个人都有一种基本的本能：会互相帮助走出每个人都有一种基本的本能：会互相帮助走出困境。若远足者在山里迷路了，会有人组织搜困境。若远足者在山里迷路了，会有人组织搜救。若火车撞车了，人们会排着队去献血。若救。若火车撞车了，人们会排着队去献血。若有一座城市被一场地震夷为平地，全世界的人有一座城市被一场地震夷为平地，全世界的人都会输送应急物资。这是基本的人性，每种文都会输送应急物资。这是基本的人性，每种文化都是这样，无一例外。化都是这样，无一例外。火星救援火星救援Write a short passage in 80 words to express your opinions on question:Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?People in places who have suffered an earthquake need quick access to basic things such as water and food,because they cannot get them easily.They also need medical care,not just for injuries,but to protect against disease and other problems that happen after the earthquake.Last but not least,these people also need psychological care and help.