1、Subject and verb agreement 主谓一致主谓一致一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则1.非谓语动词作做主语非谓语动词作做主语 一般是单数若是两个或两个以上动作时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg:To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.Lying and stealing are immoral.2.从句做主语 一般是单数，若是两个或两个以上名词性从句做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。That they will win is certain.Note:what/whatever/which引导的从句做主语时，有时要看它们代指的词的意义来决定谓
2、语动词的数。eg：What he said is true.What we need are more volunteers.3.more than one/many a+单数名词 表示的意义为复数，但是当其做主语时，谓语动词还是单数形式 eg：More than one/Many a student doesnt finish homework.4.用and连接的主语 一般均用复数，但是如果表示的同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数 形式 (1)The teacher and dancer is a friend of my fathers.(2)表示同一物体：bread and butter a
3、needle and thread fish and chips knife and fork Note:若是这二者分开，依旧用复数 eg:Both bread and butter are on sale here.(3)every/each/no+单数可数名词+every/each/no+单数可数名词 Every minute and Every second is precious.No man and no woman is allowed to enter the hall.(4)Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,w
4、ealthy and wise.5.用with,as well as,together with,except,but,no less than,including,along with,这些词后面的词是附加成分，谓语要与第一个名词保持一致。eg:She as well as other students has learned how to type.6.定语从句中关系单词做主语定语从句中，关系代词who,that,which等作主语时，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致eg:Those who have finished the work can go home now.He was one of
5、 the students who were given a prize.He was the only one of the boys who was invited.7.表示种类的“kind of+名词”后面常用单数，而“复数名词+of this kind”后面的谓语动词常用复数 eg:This kind/sort of question is very easy.Questions of this kind/sort are very easy.8.有两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但有a pair of修饰时要用单数glasses,shoes,boots,pa
6、nts,chopsticks,scissors,sockseg：My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday.A pair of glasses is lying under the desk.9.amount和quantity作主语 a(large)amount of+U.N.+V(sing.)(large)amounts of+U.N.+V(pl.)a large quantity of+C.N/U.N.+V(sing.)large quantities of+C.N/U.N.+V(pl.)eg:Large amounts
7、of money were spent on the bridge.10.名词所有格作主语the bakers the doctors the ZhangsMy uncles is not far from here11.不定代词 something,anything,everywhere,nobody,everybody 二、意义一致原则二、意义一致原则1.无标记的复数名词作主语 people,cattle,police,youth eg:The police were sent to keep order immediately.2.单复数同形的名词作主语 根据其表达的意义来决定动词的单复
8、数sheep,deer,fish,means,works,Japanese,Chinese,crossroads,series,specieseg:(1)Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution.(2)All possible means have been used to prevent the air pollution.3.集体名词作主语根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数形式 family,crowd,class,audience,enemy,staff,government,group,team,commi
9、ttee4.the+adj/done(1)表示一类人，做主语时。V（pl）(2)表示一个人或一种抽象概念或品质时，V（sing）eg:The beautiful is not always useful.5.表示学科的名词作主语physics,mathematics,economics,politics6.国家、单位、书、报刊作主语时The United States The New York Times7.表示时间、距离、金额、重量等复数形式作主语 通常看做一个整体，V（sing）eg:Four hours is enough to spend repairing the machine.F
10、ifty dollars is a large sum for a kid.8.分数/百分数做主语 由后面的名词决定谓语动词的单复数形式eg:(1)One third of the work has been finished.(2)One third of the students have not passed the end-of-term exam.9.表示数量的词做主语 a lot of,half of,all of,none of+n.+V（与n.保持一致）eg:None of the passengers were aware of the danger.None of the
11、money has been spent on repairs.10.a number of 与 the number of 11.结合语境选择合适的谓语动词 eg:Your shoes are clean while his are dirty.Such is our plan.Such is his words.All(any/some/none)are here and all is ready.三、就近原则三、就近原则1.There be和here be结构 eg:(1)Here are my replies to your questions.(2)There is an apple
12、,two bananas and some oranges on the plate.2.either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also,not.but.,or eg:Not you but I can be responsible for the delay.Not only his sisters but also he himself has been to the Great wall.补充：each在意义上是单数，作主语时，V通常用sing Each country in the United Kingdom has a capital.Each of the students has a dictionary.3.倒装 Between the windows is a picture.
