1、Restrictive Clause定语从句（一）定语从句（一）定语？从句？定语从句？究竟是个啥子哟？修饰名词修饰名词或代词的词，短语或句子词，短语或句子叫定语。定语可前置，也可后置。(短前长后短前长后)定语定语a beautiful girlan apple treea reading rooma book on the deskan interesting booka boy running in the street a broken hearta boy called Tom the first student to enter the classroom I know a boy w
2、ho is cool.可作定语的有:形容词，名词，动名词，介词短语，分词(短语)，动词不定式，定语从句Luffy is a cool boy.Luffy is a boy with a hat.Luffy is a boy who is cool.一一.定语从句的概念：定语从句的概念：定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词形容词 ;修饰限制修饰限制或补充说明或补充说明名词或主句全部内容 ；通常处于被修饰的那个名词（即：先行词先行词）之后，由关系词关系词引导。关系词的功能关系词的功能：引导定语从句，把主句和定语从句连接连接起来。指代先行词指代先行词。在定语从句中在定语从句中充当成分充当成分。(.n)+(
3、关系词 +残缺成分的句子).1.1.连接主从句连接主从句2.2.关系词指代先行词关系词指代先行词3.3.关系词在定语从句中充当成分关系词在定语从句中充当成分主句主句引导的从句引导的从句 关系词关系词（根据其在根据其在定语从句中定语从句中充当的成分充当的成分）关系代词：关系副词:关系词关系词的分类：的分类：二二.考点：关系词的选择考点：关系词的选择方法：方法：判断定语从句缺啥判断定语从句缺啥定语从句中缺少主，宾，表，定语，则从关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose中选。如果定语从句缺少状语，就从关系副词when,where,why中选。关系词在定语从句中充当的成分关系词指人还
4、是指物状语关系代词关系副词(of whom)(of whom)(of which)(of which)I know the girl _is reading the book.我认识那个正在看书的女孩。who/thatThe work _ is finished is very important.被完成的工作很重要。that/which She is the girl _ I teach.她是我教的那个女孩。(whom/that)This is the book _ I want to read.这是我想读的那本书。(that/which)He is not the person _ he
5、used to be.他已经不是过去的那个他了。thatThe Chinese nation is not the nation _ it used to be.中华民族不再是过去的那个民族了。that This is the scientist _ achievements are well-known.=This is the scientist,_the achievements are well-known.=This is the scientist,the achievements _ are well-known.(这就是那位成就显著的科学家。)whoseof whom of w
6、hom This is the house _ window faces south.=This is the house,the window _ faces south.=This is the house,_ the window faces south.（这就是那座窗户朝南的房子。）whose of which of which I forgot the day _ I met you.我忘记了我和你相遇的那天。when(=on which)This is the reason _ he left.这就是他离开的原因。why(=for which)This is the hotel _
7、 they stayed.这是他们待过的酒店。where(=in which)Where 引导定从补充：引导定从补充：如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词抽象地点的名词（stage,state,condition,point,situation,circumstance等）且在定从中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。where(=in which)We reached a point/situation _ we need a change.我们到了一个需要改变的地步。I remember the days _ we spent together on the farm.(我记得我们在农场一起度
8、过的我们在农场一起度过的日子。)The reason _ he told me yesterday is a lie.(他告诉的他告诉的那个原因是一个谎言。)His father works in a factory _ makes cars.(他爸爸在一家生产汽车的生产汽车的厂里工作。)(that/which)(that/which)(that/which)三三.定语从句中应注意的事项定语从句中应注意的事项1.1.关于关于that/which/who的的选择选择问题问题2.2.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1.1.关于关于that/which/who的的选择选择问题问题A.A.当先
9、行词指事当先行词指事/物时物时,定语从句用关系代词定语从句用关系代词thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich的情况：的情况：1.当先行词先行词为不定代词不定代词all,everything,anything,something,nothing等。She told me everything that she knew.2.先行词被the only,the very,(恰恰，正好)，the right,all,some,any,little,few,every,no,much,等词修饰时。This is the very bus(that)that I am waiting for.3.
10、先行词被形容词最高级，序数词修饰，或本身就是最高级，序数词时。This is the best film that has been shown in the city.We will never forget the first lesson(that)our English teacher gave us.5.5.主句there be 句型中主语是物，且关系词替代there be 句型中的主语 在定语从句中作主语时。There is a table that is available.4.先行词既有人又有物时。I know the persons and things(that)they
11、are talking about.B.B.当先行词指事当先行词指事/物时，定从的关系代词用物时，定从的关系代词用which不用不用that的情况的情况1.引导非限制性定从 He made a mistake,which made his teacher angry.2.定从中，动词短语的介词提前时，用介词+which This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.c.只用只用who不用不用that引导定从的情况引导定从的情况1.先行词是指人的不定代词指人的不定代词时 Anyone who finishes his or her homework is all
12、owed to have a rest.2.2.主句there be 句型中主语是人，且关系词替代there be 句型中的主语 在定语从句中作主语时。There is a man who is playing basketball.1.关系代词在从句中作主语，应根据先行词的单复数先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。He is the only one of the students that _(know)English.(the only one 为先行词)(他是这些学生中了解英语的这些学生中了解英语的唯一一个。)He is one of the students who _(know
13、)English.（students为先行词）(他是这些了解英语的这些了解英语的学生中的一个。)2.2.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致knowsknowExercises:1.The building _ wall is white is my house.2.I know the boy _ you are looking for.3.The student _ the teacher praised is our monitor(班长).4.The season _ comes after spring is summer.5.This is the hotel _ we vis
14、ited last Saturday.6.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.7.I said all _ I wanted to say.8.Is there anything _ I can do for you?whosewhosewhomwhomwhomwhomthatthatthatthatwhomwhomthatthatthatthatTHANKSTHE PROFESSIONAL POWERPOINT TEMPLATE关系代词关系代词as as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系代词as(指物/一整句话)引导定从的位置灵活，可位于句首/中/尾
15、。Taiwan,as you know,is a part of China.Taiwan is a part of China,as you know.As you know,Taiwan is a part of China.as作替代“Taiwan is a part of China”这一整个句子 作定语从句中动词know的宾语。As is known to all,China is a great country.as作替代China is a great country.这一整个句子作定语从句中is的主语。关系代词关系代词as as 和和which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定
16、语从句同:先行词为整个主句或主句的一个词，as/which指代先行词在定从 中作主语，宾语，此时，as 或which 均不可省略，有时两者可以互换。China is a great country,which/as is known to us all.异：as引导的定从位置灵活，可放句首，句中或句尾，而which引导的定从只能放句中或句尾。As is known to us all,China is a great country.下列情况通常用which而不用as(1)当非限制性定从为否定句时 He pretended not to know me,which I did not unde
17、rstand.(2)主句和从句间有逻辑的因果关系时 Tom was late for school again and again,which made his teacher very angry.as 引导限定性定语从句，常用于以下句式。引导限定性定语从句，常用于以下句式。such+名词+as 像一样的，像之类的the same+名词+as 和同样的We have found such materials as are used in the factory.(as 作主语)I have the same book as he has.(as 作宾语)(我的书和他的书是两本。)区别：I h
18、ave the same book that he has.(that作宾语)（我和他的书是同一本。）Restrictive Clause（）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词(whom/which)”(whom/which)”引导定从引导定从“介词介词+关系代词关系代词(whom/which)(whom/which)”引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中介词的选择介词的选择 1.根据先行词先行词与介词的搭配介词的搭配习惯。I remember the day on which on which we met for the first time.(on the day)(on the day)I re
19、member the days during which during which we studied.(during the days)(during the days)2.根据定从定从中谓动词谓动词或形容词形容词与介词的搭配介词的搭配习惯。This is the car for which for which he paid 10,000 dollars.(pay money for sth)(pay money for sth)The teacher gave a sentence about which about which the students were confused.(be confused about).(be confused about)3.根据句子意思来确定介词。He is the worker with whom my brother has worked for ten years.(他就是那位我哥哥与之工作了我哥哥与之工作了1010年的年的工人。)THANKSTHE PROFESSIONAL POWERPOINT TEMPLATE
