1、Words and expressionsUnit 4rescue n.&vt.营救，救援营救，救援They were eventually rescued by helicopter.他们最后被直升机救走了。他们最后被直升机救走了。You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。We had given up hope of rescue.我们那时已经放弃了获救的希望。我们那时已经放弃了获救的希望。rescuer n.救助者救助者damage n.&vt.损害，破坏；损失损害，破坏；损失Thi
2、s could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害健康。吸烟严重损害健康。ruin n.&vt.破坏，毁坏破坏，毁坏The bad weather ruined our trip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.他决心从事业失败中
3、爬起来，重新开始新的生活。他决心从事业失败中爬起来，重新开始新的生活。The city lay in ruins after the earthquake.地震之后地震之后,这座城市成为一片废墟。这座城市成为一片废墟。destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭摧毁，毁灭The building was completely destroyed by fire.这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。You have destroyed my hopes of happiness.你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。destruction n.摧毁，毁灭摧毁，毁灭destr
4、uctive adj.引起破坏的，破坏性的引起破坏的，破坏性的ruin to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.；to make sb/sth lose all their money,their position,etc.destroy to damage sth so badly that it no longer exists,works,etc.damage to cause physical harm to sth,making it less attractive,useful or valua
5、ble;to have a bad effect on sb/sths life,health,happiness or chances of success 用所给单词的正确形式填空用所给单词的正确形式填空ruin destory damage That will _ the reputation of our products.The floods _ many precious paintings.The car was only slightly _ in the accident.destroyruineddamagedaffect vt.影响，（疾病）侵袭，深深打动影响，（疾病）侵
6、袭，深深打动Your opinion will not affect my decision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。你的意见不会影响我的决定。The condition affects one in five women.每五个妇女就有一个人患有这种病。每五个妇女就有一个人患有这种病。They were deeply affected by the news of her death.她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。shelter n.避难处，居所，庇护避难处，居所，庇护 v.保护，遮掩；躲避保护，遮掩；躲避Food,clothing,shelter and tra
7、nsportation are essential to life.衣、食、住、行是生活中必不可少的。衣、食、住、行是生活中必不可少的。The tree affords some shelter from the sun.这棵树可以挡一挡太阳。这棵树可以挡一挡太阳。Perhaps I sheltered my daughter too much.也许我对女儿保护过度了。也许我对女儿保护过度了。We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.我们在一处门廊里避雨。我们在一处门廊里避雨。It seemed as if the world were coming to
8、 an end!as if 好像；似乎；仿佛好像；似乎；仿佛as if表语从句（放在表语从句（放在look/seem等系动词后）等系动词后）It seems as if it is going to rain.方式状语从句方式状语从句The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.=as thoughas if 引导从句通常使用陈述语气或者虚拟引导从句通常使用陈述语气或者虚拟语气语气知识拓展It sounds as if it is raining.1.陈述语气：当说话者认为句子所述陈述语气：当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的的
9、是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。事实时。2.虚拟语气：当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或虚拟语气：当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。注意：此时从句谓语动词时态的变化注意：此时从句谓语动词时态的变化a)表示与表示与现在现在事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式一般过去式。You look as if you didnt care.b)表示与表示与过去过去发生的事实相反，谓语动词用发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词过去分词”。He talked about the Great Wall as if he had
10、 been there before.c)表示与表示与将来将来事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形动词原形”。It looks as if it might snow.请用所给单词的正确形式填空请用所给单词的正确形式填空1.He talks as if he _ drunk.(be)2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _ broken.(be)3.The girl listened as if she _ to stone.(turn)4.He open
11、ed his mouth as if he _ something.(say)iswerehad been turnedwould sayIt seemed as if the world were coming to an end!come to an end 结束结束与与world搭配，表示搭配，表示“世界末日来临世界末日来临”。come to a decision come to a conclusion come to an agreement 做决定做决定得出结论得出结论 达成协议达成协议shock n.震惊震惊,令人震惊的事令人震惊的事,休克休克vt.(使使)震惊震惊The new
12、s of my promotion came as a shock.我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。We are in shock like the whole country.我们也和其他人一样震惊。我们也和其他人一样震惊。It shocks you when something like that happens.发生这样的事情，使人觉得难以置信。发生这样的事情，使人觉得难以置信。We were all shocked at the news of his death.听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。shocked adj.感到震惊的感到
13、震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的令人震惊的trap n.陷阱陷阱,圈套圈套,困境困境 vt.陷入困境，使中圈套，诱骗，困住陷入困境，使中圈套，诱骗，困住Parents often fall into the trap of trying to do everything for their children.家长经常一相情愿极力为子女操办一切。家长经常一相情愿极力为子女操办一切。They were trapped in the burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。Were you just trying to trap her int
14、o making some admission?你仅仅是在试图诱骗她招供吗？你仅仅是在试图诱骗她招供吗？bury vt.埋葬，埋藏，埋入，掩藏埋葬，埋藏，埋入，掩藏The house was buried under ten feet of snow.房子被埋在十英尺厚的积雪中。房子被埋在十英尺厚的积雪中。She always has her head buried in a book.她总是埋头读书。她总是埋头读书。She had learnt to bury her feelings.她已经学会了感情不外露。她已经学会了感情不外露。Since she left,he has buried
15、himself in his work.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。bury oneself in/be buried in 专心致志做某事专心致志做某事breathe vt.&vi.呼吸呼吸Most people dont realize that they are breathing polluted air.大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。breath n.呼吸，一次吸入的空气呼吸，一次吸入的空气take a deep breath 深呼吸深呼吸hold ones breath 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸tak
16、e ones breath away 令令人惊叹人惊叹catch ones breath 喘气喘气get ones breath back 缓过气缓过气out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气short of breath 呼吸短促呼吸短促in the same breath 同时同时under ones breath 低声地低声地effort n.努力，尽力，艰难的尝试努力，尽力，艰难的尝试You should put more effort into your work.你应该更加努力地工作。你应该更加努力地工作。With(an)effort she managed to st
17、op herself laughing.她好不容易才忍住了笑。她好不容易才忍住了笑。He taught us that potential vanishes into nothing without effort.他教导我们，没有努力，潜能便会消失得无影无踪。他教导我们，没有努力，潜能便会消失得无影无踪。The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.公司为节省资金遣散了公司为节省资金遣散了150名工作人员。名工作人员。He made an effort to collect himself.他挣扎着想使自己平静下
18、来。他挣扎着想使自己平静下来。spare no effort to do不遗余力，竭尽全力不遗余力，竭尽全力suffer vt.&vi.遭受，受苦，变差遭受，受苦，变差The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。His school work is suffering because
19、 of family problems.由于家庭问题，他的学业日渐退步。由于家庭问题，他的学业日渐退步。suffer from 患患病，因病，因而受苦而受苦suffering n.疼痛；痛苦；折磨；苦难疼痛；痛苦；折磨；苦难Death finally brought an end to her suffering.死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。supply vt.供给供给 n.供给，供给量供给，供给量Food is in short supply all over the country.食品在全国各地都供应不足。食品在全国各地都供应不足。Prices change acco
20、rding to supply and demand.价格根据供应量和需求量而变化。价格根据供应量和需求量而变化。Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels.Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms.一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。supply sth to sbsupply sb with sth 向某人提供某物向某人提供某物survive vt.&vi.幸存幸存,活下来活下来,艰难度过艰难度过,比比.活得久活得久Of the six people inj
21、ured in the crash,only two survived.因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。I cant survive on 40 a week 一星期一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。英镑，我无法维持生活。The company managed to survive the crisis.公司设法渡过了危机。公司设法渡过了危机。She surviv
22、ed her husband by ten years.丈夫死后她又活了十年。丈夫死后她又活了十年。survival n.幸存，残存物幸存，残存物 survivor n.幸存者幸存者hand的的相相关关词词组组on hand by hand in hand in ones hands on ones hands hand in hand with both hands hand in hand out hand over hand on 现有（尤指帮助）现有（尤指帮助）手工手工在手头，在掌握中在手头，在掌握中受某人控制，受某人照料受某人控制，受某人照料由某人负责由某人负责手拉手手拉手全力以赴全
23、力以赴上交，呈交上交，呈交分发分发移交，交出移交，交出传递下去，转交传递下去，转交sweep awaysweep off sweep throughsweep oversweep up sweep aside sweep out sweep的常用短语的常用短语扫除扫除,彻底消除彻底消除,完全打消完全打消扫去扫去,大量清除大量清除传遍传遍风靡风靡,席卷席卷打扫干净打扫干净对对置之不理置之不理,不理会不理会打扫干净打扫干净strike vt.&vi.侵袭，袭击，击打侵袭，袭击，击打 n.罢工，袭击罢工，袭击An awful thought has just struck/stricken me.刚
24、才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。Half the workforce are now on strike.现在有半数职工罢工。现在有半数职工罢工。be struck by/on/with 被被打动；迷恋打动；迷恋strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁趁热打铁summary n.总结，概括，概要总结，概括，概要The following is a su
25、mmary of our conclusions.现将我们的几点结论综述如下。现将我们的几点结论综述如下。In summary,this was a disappointing performance.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。总的来说，这场演出令人失望。summarize v.总结，概括，概述总结，概括，概述The results of the research are summarized at the end of the chapter.在这一章末尾对研究结果作了总结。在这一章末尾对研究结果作了总结。effect n.影响，结果，效果，效应影响，结果，效果，效应We should l
26、earn to distinguish between cause and effect.我们应该学会分清因果。我们应该学会分清因果。Punishment had very little effect on him.惩罚对他没有什么效果。惩罚对他没有什么效果。The greenhouse effect leads to global warming.温室效应导致全球变暖。温室效应导致全球变暖。have an effect on.对对有影响有影响bring/put sth into effect 使生效；实行；实施使生效；实行；实施come into effect 生效；开始实施生效；开始实施t
27、ake effect 开始起作用开始起作用，见效见效；生效；开始实施生效；开始实施in effect 实际上；在实施中实际上；在实施中，有效有效length n.长度，（持续）时间的长短长度，（持续）时间的长短The river is 300 miles in length.这条河长这条河长300英里。英里。Many have been surprised at the length of time it has taken him to make up his mind.很多人都为他用这么长的时间才下定决心感到吃惊。很多人都为他用这么长的时间才下定决心感到吃惊。at length 详细地；详
28、细地；最后，终于最后，终于Translate the phrases into Chinese.1.as if 2.in ruins3.in shock4.in the open air5.on hand6.sweep away7.at e out似乎；好像；仿佛似乎；好像；仿佛严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪震惊；吃惊震惊；吃惊露天；在户外露天；在户外现有（尤指帮助）现有（尤指帮助）消灭；彻底消除消灭；彻底消除至少至少出版，发行；出现出版，发行；出现9.too.to.10.run out11.look for12.jump out e to an end14.more than15.thousands of16.fall down17.in times of太太.而不能而不能 用完；耗尽；跑出用完；耗尽；跑出寻找寻找跳出跳出结束结束超过超过成千上万的成千上万的倒塌倒塌在在.时期时期1.Make some sentences using the words and phrases that you have learned.2.Preview grammar.
