1、Unit 5 Languages Around the World Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where（地点状语）the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.（定语从句，修饰one unified country）It was a time when（时间状语）people were divided geographically.(定语从句，修饰a time)These were animal
2、 bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.（定语从句，这是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰animal bones and shells）There are many reasons why（原因状语）people learn a foreign language.（定语从句，修饰reason）关系副词的作用如下：1指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。2在从句中充当句子成分状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。3起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。定语从句()关系副词的用法当引导定语
3、从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when,where,why或“介词which”。1when引导定语从句when表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中做时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time,day,year,month,week等。2where引导定语从句where表示地点,代替先行词并在定语从句中做地点状语，其先行词往往是具体地点place,room,mountain,airport或抽象地点的名词如case,state,condition,point,situation等。3why引导定语从句的用法why表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中做原因状语，
4、其先行词是表示理由的名词reason。一、关系副词引导定语从句二、关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：用法用法依据依据根据从句的谓语动根据从句的谓语动词词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词根据先行词在从句根据先行词在从句中所作的成分中所作的成分把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句时，关系副词也可用“介词+关系代词“代替。(1)when可以换成“介词which”。(2)where可以换成“介词which”。(
5、3)why可以用for which来代替。1、介词选择的三原则：一先二动三意义。一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。二动：根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定。三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。2、介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以忽略。3、名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词 引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue,and the grammar would not stay in my head.I to
6、ld my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live in a country German was spoken.My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future.It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.And I remember that day I suddenly felt like Ger
7、man was no longer a foreign language.It felt like my brain had doubled in size.I had finally come to a place I could think in this foreign language,and I could see the world from a different point of view.I felt as if I had reached the goal I had been fighting for.I could open a book and see meaning
8、s,not just a sea of words.I finally understood the reason my mum had encouraged me not to give up.Thanks,Mum!I finally understood the reason my mum had encouraged me not to give up.Thanks,Mum!1.where2.when3.where4.that/which5.why中国语言学家 季羡林季羡林（1911年8月6日2009年7月11日），中国山东省聊城市临清人，字希逋，又字齐奘。国际著名东方学大师、语言学家、
9、文学家、国学家、佛学家、史学家、教育家和社会活动家。历任中国科学院哲学社会科学部委员、聊城大学名誉校长、北京大学副校长、中国社会科学院南亚研究所所长，是北京大学的终身教授，与饶宗颐并称为“南饶北季”。早年留学国外，通英文、德文、梵文、巴利文，能阅俄文、法文，尤精于吐火罗文（当代世界上分布区域最广的语系印欧语系中的一种独立语言），是世界上仅有的精于此语言的几位学者之一。为“梵学、佛学、吐火罗文研究并举，中国文学、比较文学、文艺理论研究齐飞”，其著作汇编成季羡林文集，共24卷。季羡林在北大，教学生、做学问，每天4点半起床，成为燕园亮起的第一盏灯。季羡林戏称，“我不是闻鸡起舞，而是鸡闻我起舞。”他有一张破藤椅，每天中午在此午睡，因他担心睡床太舒服，会睡得太久，浪费时间。由此，诞生了一幅著名的三睡图：藤椅上午休的季羡林，和两只卧在他身上的爱猫，此谓“三睡”。Thank you!
