1、Unit 1 Languages Around the WorldDiscovering Useful StructuresCONTENTSLeading-inWhile-classAfter-classPart 1Part 1Part 2Part 2Part 3Part 3Part.1Leading-inLeading inPart.2While-class一、词汇梳理一、词汇梳理(1)新译林必修第一册新译林必修第一册Adapted from Kathryn Forbess Mamas Bank Account,which has 17 short stories and describes
2、 the struggles and dreams of a family in San Francisco in the early 1900s.改编自凯瑟琳改编自凯瑟琳福布斯的妈妈的银行账户，该书有福布斯的妈妈的银行账户，该书有17个短个短 篇故事，描述了篇故事，描述了20世纪初旧金山一个家庭的奋斗和梦想。世纪初旧金山一个家庭的奋斗和梦想。(2)We have to struggle _ our lives with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.为了生存我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。为了生存我们必须和来自国内外
3、的各种各样的困难作斗争。for(3)She never gave up and struggled _(live)an active life.她从不放弃，努力过着积极的生活。她从不放弃，努力过着积极的生活。(4)Though he was badly injured,Lin Tao struggled_his feet and dialed 119.虽然伤得很重，林涛挣扎着站起来并拨打了虽然伤得很重，林涛挣扎着站起来并拨打了119。to liveto(1)新北师必修第二册新北师必修第二册 Read the passage and find out each persons _ 阅读短文，找出
4、每个人的观点。阅读短文，找出每个人的观点。(2)I respect your _，but it doesnt necessarily mean that I completely agree with you.我尊重你的观点，这并不一定意味着我完全同意你的观点。我尊重你的观点，这并不一定意味着我完全同意你的观点。point of viewpoint of view(3)_，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities._，you can have a better unders
5、tanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。In my opinion/viewAs far as Im concernedFrom my point of view(1)They found that the more time people spent on social
6、media,the more unhappy they became.他们发现，人们花在社交媒体上的时间越多，他们就越不快他们发现，人们花在社交媒体上的时间越多，他们就越不快 乐。乐。(2)As is known to us,the _(lazy)a person is，the more things he needs to do tomorrow.众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情就越多。众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情就越多。lazier(3)The harder you work,the _(great)progress you will make.你越努力工作，取得的进步就越
7、大。你越努力工作，取得的进步就越大。(4)The more careful you are，the_(few)mistakes you will make.你越仔细，就越少犯错误。你越仔细，就越少犯错误。greaterfewer二、语法梳理二、语法梳理读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。1There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.2Emperor Qinshihuang un
8、ited the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3I told my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken.4I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give u
9、p.5And I remember that day when I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.6It was a time when people were divided geographically.我的发现：我的发现：探究点探究点1：关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when，where，why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和
10、原因状语。1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；在不同语境中指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；在不同语境中等同等同 于于“介词介词in/at/on/duringwhich”。I still remember the day when(on which)I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。People in China will never forget the year when(in which)the virus raged and doctors fought bravely against it
11、.在中国，人们永远不会忘记病毒肆虐，医生们勇敢地与之斗争的那一年在中国，人们永远不会忘记病毒肆虐，医生们勇敢地与之斗争的那一年。2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；在不同语境在不同语境中等中等 同同于于“介词介词in/atwhich”。(1)The house where(in which)I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。He is now working in the factory where(in which)his father
12、 worked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(2)where还可用在表示抽象地点意义的名词后，如还可用在表示抽象地点意义的名词后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition等。等。The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。The conflict had developed into
13、a stage where the two countries were gathering big troops on the border.冲突已经发展到两国在边境集结大量军队的阶段。冲突已经发展到两国在边境集结大量军队的阶段。He has got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.他把自己陷入了危险的境地，很可能会失去对飞机的控制。他把自己陷入了危险的境地，很可能会失去对飞机的控制。3why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reas
14、on,关系词在从句关系词在从句中中 作作原因状语，等同于原因状语，等同于“介词介词forwhich”。The reason why(for which)he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。The reason why(for which)he turned down my invitation was that he was otherwise engaged.他拒绝我的邀请的原因是他另有安排。他拒绝我的邀请的原因是他另有安排。用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词
15、填空(1)I want to know the reason _you didnt keep me informed of the news before.(2)The factory _his father works is located in the east of the city.(3)He arrived in Beijing on the day _I happened to leave.whywherewhen探究点探究点2：关系代词与关系副词的区别：关系代词与关系副词的区别选用关系代词还是关系副词，归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是选用关系代词还是关系副词，归根结底要
16、看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是主语、宾语或定语，就用关系代词，如果缺的是状语，就用关系副词。主语、宾语或定语，就用关系代词，如果缺的是状语，就用关系副词。1先行词是时间。例如：先行词是时间。例如：I will never forget the days when we had a good time on the beach.我我永远不会忘记我们在海滩上玩得很开心的那些日子。永远不会忘记我们在海滩上玩得很开心的那些日子。(从句从句 缺缺状语，故用状语，故用when)I will never forget the days(which/that)we spent together on the
17、 beach.我永远不会忘记我们一起在海滩上度过的日子。我永远不会忘记我们一起在海滩上度过的日子。(从句缺从句缺宾宾语语，故用，故用which/that)2先行词是地点。例如：先行词是地点。例如：The mountain village where I used to stay for one night last year has taken on a new look.我我去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。(从句缺从句缺状状 语语，故用，故用where)The mountain village(which/that)we paid a visi
18、t to last year has taken on a new look.我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌一新。我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌一新。(从句缺宾语，从句缺宾语，故故用用which/that)3先行词是原因。例如：先行词是原因。例如：The reason why he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way.他他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。(从句缺状语，故从句缺状语，故用用 why)The reason(which/that)he gave for his bei
19、ng late for work was that he had an accident on the way.他说他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。他说他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。(从句缺宾语，从句缺宾语，故用故用which/that)探究点探究点3：介词关系代词：介词关系代词“介词关系代词介词关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物指物)或或whom(指人指人)，即，即“介词介词which/whom”，并且关，并且关系代词不能省略。系代词不能省略。1介词的选用介词的选用(1)“介词关系代词介词关系代词(which/whom)”
20、中介词的选择：一先，中介词的选择：一先，二二动动，三意义。，三意义。“一先一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。，即根据先行词来确定介词。The factory in which Im working mainly produces computers.我工作的工厂主要生产电脑。我工作的工厂主要生产电脑。(in which代替代替in the factory，“在工厂里在工厂里”用介词用介词in。)“二动二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。这就是我花这就是我花10元钱买的那本书。元钱买的那本书。“三意义三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。，即根
21、据定语从句的意义来确定介词。I took a photo of the students,among whom was seated a teacher.我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。(2)介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词名词/数词数词/不定代词不定代词of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。结构，在定语从句中作主语。English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of which uses it diff
22、erently.英语是一种由多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方英语是一种由多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。式各不相同。(3)“复合介词复合介词which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a tall tree.他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。(1)当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，动词与介词当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，动词与介
23、词不不可可分割时，该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如分割时，该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to,look at,look for,look into,depend on,make use of,pay attention to,take care of等。等。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.护士们照看的婴儿很健康。护士们照看的婴儿很健康。The doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去请的那个医生还没来。你派人去请的那个医生还没来。(2)“介词介词w
24、here”和和“介词介词which”的用法不同。例如：的用法不同。例如：His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。见。(from where相当于相当于from out of the window，而不是，而不是from the window)He hid himself behind the door,from where he could hear the steps clea
25、rly.他躲在门后，从那里他可以清楚地听到脚步声。他躲在门后，从那里他可以清楚地听到脚步声。(from where相当于相当于from behind the door，而不是，而不是from the door)2关系代词的选择关系代词的选择“介词关系代词介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引引导导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词代词用用whom，不可用，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能不能用用that。Yesterday we visi
26、ted the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我们参观了杭州著名的西湖。昨天我们参观了杭州著名的西湖。The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what was happening outside.那个淘气的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以那个淘气的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到看到外面外面发生的事情。发生的事情。Part.3After-class用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空(1)Scientists have advance
27、d many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _has been proved.关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出很多理关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出很多理 论，但没有一个被证实。论，但没有一个被证实。(2)The old man has two sons,both of _are lawyers studying abroad now.那个老人有两个儿子，他们两个都是律师，现在都在国外学那个老人有两个儿子，他们两个都是律师，现在都在国外学 习。习。whichwhom(3)My computer,without _I cant surf the Internet,broke down yesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能上网了。昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能上网了。whichThank you！
