1、Unit 5 Languages around the WorldVocabulary Expansion1.billion n.十亿十亿billions of studentsfive billion students2.native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的出生地的；本地的；土著的native language/tongue母语母语a native speaker一个说母语的人一个说母语的人be native to(动植物动植物)原产于原产于be home to某地是某地是(动植物）的所在地动植物）的所在地3.attitude n.态度；看法态度；看法have/take a pos
2、itive/negative attitude to/towards对对持积极持积极/消极态度消极态度4.refer vi.提到；参考；查阅提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫查询；叫求助于求助于refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅指的是；描述；提到；查阅reference n.指称关系；参考；提及；涉及指称关系；参考；提及；涉及You can refer to the dictionary.What does the word“attitude”refer to?We referred to the problem again at the meeting.The book refers t
3、o the life in ancient times.查阅查阅指的是指的是提到提到描述描述referto把把提交给提交给/托付给托付给refer toas把把称为称为被动：被动：be referred to as 被称为被称为for further reference 供日后参考供日后参考in/with reference to关于；根据关于；根据（referreferredreferredreferring)reference book参考书；工具书参考书；工具书5.despite prep.即使；尽管即使；尽管=in spite of/regardless ofdespite the f
4、act that尽管尽管6.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱浮沉；兴衰；荣辱It is a fact that life is full of ups and downs.7.base vt.以以为据点；以为据点；以为基础为基础 n.底部；根据底部；根据based adj.以以(某事）为基础的；以某事）为基础的；以为重要为重要部分（或特征）的部分（或特征）的basis n.基础基础 on the basis of以以为基础为基础basic adj.基本的；基础的；初级的；必需的基本的；基础的；初级的；必需的basically adv.基本上；从根本上说基本上；从根本上说base s
5、th.on/upon sth.以以为基础为基础be based on/upon基于基于/以以为基础为基础8.date back to追溯到追溯到=date from注意：注意：作谓语动词用一般现在时作谓语动词用一般现在时:dates back to 作非谓语动词作非谓语动词:dating back todate back+时间段时间段date back to+时间点时间点9.symbol n.符号；象征符号；象征a cultural symbol 文化象征文化象征the symbol of power/peace/hope力量力量/和平和平/希望的象征希望的象征symbolize/symbol
6、ise vt.象征象征10.variety n.（植物（植物/语言等的）变体；异体；语言等的）变体；异体；多样化多样化vary v.变化变化various adj.各种各样的各种各样的=a variety of=varieties of各种各样的各种各样的vary fromto从从到到不等不等a variety of+名词复数名词复数+复数谓语复数谓语 各种各样的各种各样的the variety of+名词复数名词复数+单数谓语单数谓语的多的多样性样性11.major adj.主要的；重要的；大的主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究主修；专门研究
7、majority n.大多数；大部分大多数；大部分a major factor/problem一个主要因素一个主要因素/问题问题major in主修主修the/a majority of大多数大多数12.means n.方式；方法；途径（单复数同形）方式；方法；途径（单复数同形）mean v.打算；意味着打算；意味着 adj.吝啬的；小气的吝啬的；小气的mean to do打算做打算做mean doing 意味着做意味着做meaning n.意思；含义意思；含义meaningful adj.意味深长的意味深长的a means of=a way of一种一种的方式的方式by this means
8、/way用这种方法用这种方法by means of 利用利用方式方式by no means决不（位于句首时；句子部分倒决不（位于句首时；句子部分倒装）装）by all means 一定；务必；可以；当然行一定；务必；可以；当然行13.classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.经典作品；名著经典作品；名著classical adj.古典的古典的the classic works 经典作品经典作品14.regard n.尊重；关注尊重；关注 vt.把把视为；看待视为；看待regarding prep.关于关于=in/with regard to regardas
9、把把看作看作give ones regards(问候）问候）to sb.代某人向某人问好代某人向某人问好被动：被动：be regarded as被看作被看作have high regard for钦佩钦佩/推崇推崇15.character n.文字；符号；角色；品质；文字；符号；角色；品质；特点特点characteristic n.特点；特征特点；特征 adj.典型的；独特的典型的；独特的Chinese characters汉字汉字cartoon characters卡通人物卡通人物a major/minor character主要主要/次要人物次要人物16.global adj.全球的；全世
10、界的全球的；全世界的globe n.球体；球状物；地球仪球体；球状物；地球仪globally adv.全球地全球地global warming/economy/affairs全球变暖全球变暖/经济经济/事务事务17.affair n.公共事务；事件；关系公共事务；事件；关系political/foreign affairs 政治政治/外交事务外交事务18.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值增值appreciation n.感激；欣赏感激；欣赏appreciate(ones)doing sth.感激做某事感激做某事Id appreciate it
11、 if如果如果我会非常感激我会非常感激express ones appreciation表达某人的感激之情表达某人的感激之情19.struggle n.&vi 斗争；奋斗；搏斗斗争；奋斗；搏斗struggle/fight for 为为而斗争而斗争struggle/fight with和和做斗争做斗争struggle/fight against 为反对为反对而斗争而斗争struggle to do sth.尽力尽力/挣扎做某事挣扎做某事struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来It is a struggle for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是件难事。对
12、某人来说做某事是件难事。20.point of view 观点；看法观点；看法在我看来：在我看来：from my point of view=in my view=in my opinion=as far as Im concerned21.beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求恳求；祈求；哀求begbeggedbeggedbegging beggar n.乞丐乞丐beg for sth.请求得到某物。请求得到某物。beg sb.for sth.向某人祈求某物。向某人祈求某物。beg to do sth.请求做某事。请求做某事。beg sb.(not)to do sth.恳求某人（不）做某事。恳求某人
13、（不）做某事。22.equal n.同等的人；相等物（反：同等的人；相等物（反：unequal)adj.相同的；同样的相同的；同样的equally adv.平等地；同等地平等地；同等地equality n.平等；相等平等；相等be equal to sth./doing sth.与与平等平等/相等；相等；胜任胜任be without equal无与伦比无与伦比have no equal in(doing)sth.在在方面无人能敌方面无人能敌equal sb./sth.in(doing)sth.在（做）某事上比得过某人在（做）某事上比得过某人/物物23.demand n.要求；需求要求；需求 v
14、t.强烈要求；需要强烈要求；需要demand sth.of/from sb.向某人要求某物向某人要求某物be in great/short demand需求大需求大/小小meet/satisfy ones demands满足某人需求满足某人需求demand(of sb.)to do sth.要求某人做某事要求某人做某事demand that sb.(should)do sth.要求要求demanding adj.费时费力的；苛刻的费时费力的；苛刻的;要求高的要求高的后接虚拟语气的宾语从句的动词：后接虚拟语气的宾语从句的动词：一坚持：一坚持：insist二命令：二命令：order,command
15、三建议：三建议：advise,suggest,propose,recommend四要求：四要求：request,require,demand,desire+敦促：敦促：urge24.description n.描写（文字）；形容描写（文字）；形容describe vt.描写；描述描写；描述describeas 把把描述为描述为beyond description难以形容；无法描述难以形容；无法描述25.relate vt.联系；讲述联系；讲述relate to 与与相关；涉及；谈到相关；涉及；谈到related adj.相关的相关的relative adj.相应的相应的 n.亲戚亲戚relat
16、ively adv.相对地；相比较地相对地；相比较地relation n.关系；联系关系；联系relationship n.关系；联系关系；联系be related to与与相关相关背诵五分钟背诵五分钟五分钟后提问五分钟后提问连线。连线。1.be related to2.be based on3.be native to4.have a positive attitude to5.refer to6.in spite of7.date back to8.appreciate doing sth.9.a variety of10.be equal toA.原产于原产于B.与与相关相关C.基于基于
17、D.指的是；描述；查阅；提指的是；描述；查阅；提及及E.追溯到追溯到F.各种各样的各种各样的G.与与相等相等H.对对有一个积极的态度有一个积极的态度I.尽管尽管J.感激做某事感激做某事填空。填空。1.I would appreciate _ if you can help me with my English.2.Students should have a proper attitude _ exams.3._ _ _(尽管）尽管）all the problems,he won the game.4.The story _ _ _(追溯到）追溯到）three hundred years ag
18、o.5.I want to taste _ _ _(各种各样的）各种各样的）food in Beijing.itto/towardsIn spite ofdates back toa variety of填空。填空。6.We learnt many Chinese _(汉字）汉字）yesterday.7.He learns English _ _ _(依靠）依靠）reading.8.Tom _ _ _(被认为）被认为）the most handsome boy in our class.9.I appreciate your _(help)me with my work.10._(无论哪里）无
19、论哪里）you are,I will follow you.charactersby means ofis/was regarded ashelpingNo matter whereReading and Thinking请欣赏视频请欣赏视频两分钟快读文章，找出答案。两分钟快读文章，找出答案。根据课文选择。根据课文选择。1.What is China widely known for?A.The many ups and downs in its history.B.The Chinese writing system.C.Its modern civilisation.D.Its ancie
20、nt civilisation.根据课文选择。根据课文选择。2.Why is Emperor Qinshihuang mentioned in this passage?A.Because he created the Chinese writing system.B.Because he encouraged people to use different forms of dialects.C.Because he was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty.D.Because written Chinese became a unified lang
21、uage in his ruling period.根据课文回答。根据课文回答。3.What has become an important part of Chinese culture in the development of Chinese characters?4.How do international students begin to appreciate Chinas culture and history?Chinese calligraphy.Through the amazing language.Key Words and Phrases1.be known/famo
22、us for因因而出名而出名2.all the way through into一直一直延续到延续到5.at the beginning 最初；起初最初；起初6.date back to追溯到追溯到3.modern times现代；近代现代；近代4.ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱浮沉；兴衰；荣辱7.by the Shang Dynasty到商朝时到商朝时Key Words and Phrases8.well-developed发达的；发育良好的发达的；发育良好的9.over the years多年来多年来10.It/There was a time when 曾经有一个时曾经有一个
23、时期期11.geographicallyadv.在地理上在地理上12.lead to导致；通向导致；通向Key Words and Phrases14.in one direction向一个方向向一个方向15.be of great importance=be very important非常重要非常重要16.no matter where/what/who无论哪里无论哪里/什么什么/谁谁13.unite the seven major states into one unified country一统七国一统七国Key Words and Phrases17.written Chinese汉
24、字汉字18.be connected with与与有联系有联系19.the classic works经典作品；名著经典作品；名著20.the high regard for推崇推崇/钦佩钦佩21.in the development of 在在的发展中的发展中22.(be)known/famous as作为作为而出名而出名23become an important part of 成为成为一个重要的部分一个重要的部分Key Words and Phrases24.play a/an（important/leading(主要的）主要的）/major)role/part in.在在中起作用中起作
25、用25.global affairs全球事务全球事务26.an increasing number of 越来越多的越来越多的不规则动词不规则动词1.know2.see3.become4.write5.lead6.begin7.speak8.readknewsawbecamewroteledbeganspokereadknownseenbecomewrittenledbegunspokenread课文缩写填空。课文缩写填空。1.There are many reasons _ this had been possible.2._ the beginning,written Chinese wa
26、s a picture-based language.3.By the Shang Dynasty,these symbols _(become)a well-developed writing system.4.In the Qin Dynasty,the Chinese writing system began _(develop)in one direction.whyAthad becometo develop课文缩写填空。课文缩写填空。5.The writing system was of great _(important)in uniting the Chinese people
27、 and culture.6.The Chinese writing is an art form,_(know)as Chinese calligraphy.7.Chinas present _(connect)with its past by written Chinese.8.As China plays a greater role _ global affairs,More and more people are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this _(amaze)language.impor
28、tanceknownis connected inamazingGrammar 1：by+时间（到时间（到时为止）时为止）By the Shang Dynasty,these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.by+过去时间过去时间 主句：过去完成时主句：过去完成时(had done)by+现在时间现在时间 主句：现在完成时主句：现在完成时(has/have done)by+将来时间将来时间 主句：将来完成时主句：将来完成时(will have done)Grammar 1：by+时间（到时间（到时为止）时为止）1.By no
29、w,he _(answer)nine questions.2.By last term,we _(finish)all the lessons.3.By the end of next year,Tom _(write)five books.has answeredhad finishedwill have writtenGrammar 2：a time when(一段一段的时期）的时期）Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geogr
30、aphicallyIt/This/That/There was a time when那那/这这/那那/曾经有一段曾经有一段时期时期It/This/That is/was the first/second time that这这/那是第一次那是第一次/第二次第二次从句用现在从句用现在/过去完成时过去完成时Grammar 2：by+时间（到时间（到时为止）时为止）1.This was a time_ the two countries were at war.2.It was the first time_ I had visited the Great Wall.3.It is the fir
31、st time that I _(visit)the Great Wall.whenthathave visitedGrammar 3：be of+形容词形容词+名词名词That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.be of+adj.+n.=be+adv.+adj.be of great importance=be very importantbe of great use=be very usefulbe of great help=be very helpfulb
32、e of great value=be very valuableGrammar 3：be of+形容词形容词+名词名词1.The book is of great _(important)for me.2.Your advice was of great _(useful)to my work.3.What the teacher said is very _(help).importanceusehelpfulGrammar 4：No matter whereEven today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect the
33、y speak,they can still communicate in writing.1.No matter where引导让步状语从句时可与引导让步状语从句时可与wherever互换：互换：no matter where=wherever 无论哪里无论哪里no matter what=whatever 无论什么无论什么no matter when=whenever无论何时无论何时no matter who=whoever无论是谁无论是谁no matter how=however无论怎样无论怎样no matter which=whichever无论哪一个无论哪一个e.g.No matte
34、r what/Whatever I say,she wont listen.No matter who/whoever you are,you should respect others.Grammar 4：No matter where2.whatever/whichever/whoever也可引导也可引导名词性从句名词性从句e.g.Whatever you did was right.Whoever comes first will be the winner.Grammar 4：No matter where1.I will find you _ you are.2._you need
35、my help,you can call me.3._ difficult the problem is,we should hold a positive attitude to it.4._ my teacher said is good for me.wherever/no matter whereHowever/no matter howWhateverWhenever/No matter whenReading for WritingKey Words and Phrases1.post n.帖子帖子2.online forum 网络论坛网络论坛3.fill in the table
36、填写表格填写表格4.since是现在完成时是现在完成时(has/have done)/现在现在完成进行时（完成进行时（has/have been doing)的标志的标志主主+has/have done since+主语主语+did5.primary school小学小学Key Words and Phrases6.used to do sth.过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing.习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do.被用来做某事被用来做某事7.get high marks/scores得高分得高分8.have trouble/difficu
37、lty with sth.=have trouble/difficulty（in）doing sth.做某事有困难做某事有困难9.listen to听；听从听；听从Key Words and Phrases10.native English speakers以英语为母语的人以英语为母语的人11.catch-caught-caught抓住；捕捉；理解抓住；捕捉；理解12.few/a few+可数名词复数可数名词复数 几乎没有几乎没有/有几个有几个 little/a little+不可数名词不可数名词 几乎没有几乎没有/有一些有一些13.get the main idea掌握主旨；了解大意掌握主旨
38、；了解大意Key Words and Phrases14.English radio programmes 英语广播节目英语广播节目15.native speakers说母语的人说母语的人16.experience the feeling of the language体会语感体会语感17.record n.记录记录 v.录制；录音录制；录音pare A with B 把把A和和B做比较做比较Key Words and Phrases19.headache n.头疼；棘手的事头疼；棘手的事20.be polite(to)对对有礼貌有礼貌21.It is+adj.(for/of sb.)to d
39、o sth.做某事（对某人来说）是做某事（对某人来说）是22.Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事吗？你介意做某事吗？mind doing sth.介意做某事介意做某事Key Words and Phrases23.much easier/even longer much/even修饰比较级修饰比较级24.depend on=rely on 依靠；依赖依靠；依赖25.bridge the gap消除距离消除距离26.（be)senior to比比年龄大年龄大/级别高级别高27.proper adj.适当的；恰当的；正确的适当的；恰当的；正确的 properly adv
40、.正确地；恰当地正确地；恰当地不规则动词不规则动词1.get2.catch3.hear4.have5.make6.keep gotcaughtheardhadmadekeptgot/gottencaughtheardhadmadekeptNameProblemAdviceLiu WenJia Xins advice:Listen to English radio programmesJia XinLi Ruis advice:Li RuiYour advice:Trouble with listening to native English speakersHow to be polite i
41、n EnglishRemembering new vocabularyUse short requests for close friends,use longer requests for people who are not so close,use more polite phrases for people senior to youCreate your own word bankGrammar 1：listen to sb.doing/do sth.When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video,I can c
42、atch only a few words.listen to/hear(听）听）/look at/see/watch（看）（看）/notice(留意）留意）/feel（感觉到）（感觉到）+sb.+doing sth.某人正在做某事某人正在做某事 +do sth.某人做某事的全过程某人做某事的全过程Grammar 1：listen to sb.doing/do sth.I saw Tom play a game in the garden yesterday.(强调看到玩游戏的全过程）强调看到玩游戏的全过程）I saw Tom playing a game in the garden yest
43、erday.（强调看到他正在玩游戏）（强调看到他正在玩游戏）Grammar 2：how to doMy biggest headache is how to be polite in English.“疑问词疑问词to do不定式不定式”结构结构who/what/which/how/when/where to do可可在句中作主语在句中作主语/表语表语/宾语宾语I dont know what to eat.The problem is where to go.What to eat depends on you.建议信模板建议信模板_(日期：日月年日期：日月年/月日年）月日年）Dear_(对
44、方姓名）对方姓名）首段：描述问题首段：描述问题正文：具体建议正文：具体建议123尾段：表达愿望尾段：表达愿望Best wishes,_(你的姓名）你的姓名）建议信模板建议信模板October 12 2012Dear Xu Ting,You wrote that you always feel lonely after school because your parents work in another city.I understand that you may have trouble in communicating with others and you must feel terri
45、ble.Here are some advice for you.Firstly,I think you should talk with your parents by phone,because it is a good way for you to contact them.Secondly,why not join a club?You can make new friends in the clubs.Last but not least,youd better turn to the teachers for help,and they will offer some good a
46、dvice for you.I hope you will find these ideas useful and helpful.Besides,Im sure you will not feel lonely any more if you can listen to my advice.Best wishes,Tom 作业：作业：练习册练习册Reading for Writing应用领悟，今晚交应用领悟，今晚交Discovering Useful Structures定从复习：定从复习：1.定义定义2.三要素三要素3.做题口诀做题口诀(先看先行词先看先行词)4.关系代词关系副词关系代词关
47、系副词5.特殊用法特殊用法用用that不用不用which(你唯一的疑表最不人物）你唯一的疑表最不人物）用用which不用不用that（that用法真有趣用法真有趣）用用who不用不用that（指人的不定代词）（指人的不定代词）关系副词关系副词先行词先行词关系词在从句中所关系词在从句中所作成分作成分When=介词(in/on/at/during)+which时间名词时间状语Where=介词(in/at/on)+which地点名词地点状语Why=for which Reason 原因状语若从句若从句不缺成分不缺成分，则用关系副词，则用关系副词where的先行词：的先行词：position/poin
48、t/case/stage（阶段）（阶段）/situationThe children are at the stage where they like playing computer games.用用when，why,where填空。填空。1.This is the reason _ I did the job.2.The factory _ his father works is in the city.3.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.4.This is the house _ I lived two years a
49、go.5.Tell me the reason _ you left Shanghai.6.I remember the days _ I lived there.whywherewhenwherewhywhen用介词用介词+which填空。填空。1.This is the reason why I did the job.2.The factory where his father works is in the city.3.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.4.This is the house where I l
50、ived two years ago.5.Tell me the reason why you left Shanghai.6.I remember the days when I lived there.for whichin whichon whichin whichfor whichduring which介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：介词介词+which指物指物介词介词+whom指人指人介词介词+whose+n.的的用用which/whom/whose填空。填空。1.This is my computer,without _ I cant work.2.This is the man
