1、UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD单元核心词汇突破单元核心词汇突破核心词汇突破核心词汇突破1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅vt.查询;叫求助于单句填空He(refer)to the system that is related to the welfare of billions of people at the conference.The publishers reprinted and sold the book without (refer)to the author.They always refer to me a book worm beca
2、use I am always addicted to reading.referredreference/referringas【归纳】(1)refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅refer.to.把提交给;让(人)参考refer to.as.把称作(2)reference n.提及,涉及;参考;参考书目in/with reference to sb/sth关于refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写r,再加ed或ing。类似的词还有prefer。2.base vt.以为据点;以为基础n.底部;根据单句填空/完成句子The report is on figures from dif
3、ferent schools.,there is an urgent need of facilities for students.(base)The film(以真实的故事为基础)and it turned out to be a huge hit.basedBasicallybasicwas based on a true story【归纳】(1)base.on/upon.以为基础/依据be based on/upon.以为基础/依据(2)basis n.基础on the basis of.根据;在的基础上(3)basic adj.基本的;基础的basically adv.基本上;大体上
4、3.date back(to.)追溯到单句填空/词汇升级My interest in stamp collecting(date)back to my schooldays.Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up date with modern technology.The dictionary is old:many words have been added to the language since it was published.datestoout of date【归纳】(1)up to da
5、te时髦的out of date过时的to date迄今;到目前为止set a date for.确定的日期(2)go back to追溯到 4.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化;多变(性)单句填空One of the advantages is that we can find(variety)topics,such as science,culture and history.The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages(various)from 10 to 15.(2021新高考全国卷)When the
6、 explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing(vary)of wildlife.variousvaryvariety(2)various adj.不同的;各种各样的for various reasons 由于种种原因(3)vary vt.&vi.改变;变化;不同;使多样化vary from.to.从到不等;在到之间变动a variety of(varieties of)既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名
7、词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。5.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究单句填空Some of the plays told sad stories,but the majority of the plays(be)really funny.I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.werein【归纳】(1)majo
8、r in主修(2)an English major英语专业的学生(3)majority n.大部分;大多数a/the majority of大多数in a/the majority占大多数the majority of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;后接集合名词作主语时,若集合名词视为整体,则谓语动词用单数,若集合名词考虑个体,则谓语动词用复数。6.means n.方式;方法;途径单句填空Every possible means(try)/All possible means(try),but none has worked.Ancient peo
9、ple recorded what had happened means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.He was no means satisfied with the progress of the project,so he asked us to finish it by means.has been triedhave been triedbybyall【归纳】(1)a means of(doing)sth(做)某事的方法、途径means of producti
10、on/transport/communication生产工具/运输工具/通信手段(2)by this means用这种方法by means of用,依靠;通过by all means无论如何;当然可以(口语)by no means决不;无论如何都不(位于句首,句子要部分倒装)means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means前的修饰语。7.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值单句填空From my point of view,we should learn(appreciate)life and hold a positive attitude despit
11、e the ups and downs.(2020全国卷)Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with (appreciate).I really appreciate(work)with someone who fully appreciates the significance of hard work.to appreciateappreciationworking【归纳】(1)appreciate+n./pron./v.-ing重视/感激I would apprecia
12、te it if.假如,我将不胜感激appreciate+that/wh-从句 理解/意识到(2)appreciation n.欣赏;感激convey/express ones appreciation表达感激当appreciate,hate,dislike,love,like,depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时,一般先加it,再接宾语从句。8.struggle n.&vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗单句填空At present,China has to struggle all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.Some farmers
13、would like to leave their hometown and go to work in cities,struggling(provide)better education for their children.Workers are struggling a clean canteen and healthy food.against/withto providefor【归纳】(1)struggle for.为而斗争struggle with/against sb/sth与某人/某事做斗争struggle to do sth努力做某事struggle to ones fee
14、t 挣扎着站起来(2)it is a struggle(for sb)to do sth(对于某人而言)做某事真是难事9.equal n.同等的人;相等物adj.相同的;同样的vt.比得上;敌得过单句填空You should be positive and cheerful,for your mental health is equal your physical health.In my heart,Michael Jordan is equal in playing basketball.Men and women must be treated(equal)in education an
15、d employment.towithoutequally【归纳】(1)be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任(做)某事(2)equal sb/sth in(doing)sth在(做)某事上比得过/敌得过某人/物(3)be without equal=have no equal无与伦比(4)equality n.平等;相等(5)equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地表示“胜任”的其他常见表达:be up tobe fit forbe qualified for10.demand n.要求;需求vt.强烈要求;需要vi.查问单句填空What I want t
16、o stress is that some new members are demand in our club.My father came down and demanded(know)what had happened.It turns out that such robots can help the most(demand)tasks.The teacher demanded that we (struggle)to achieve our goals.into knowdemanding(should)struggle【归纳】(1)demand(for sb)to do sth要求
17、(某人)做某事demand that.(should)do sth要求做某事(从句用虚拟语气)(2)a demand for.对的需(要)求be in great demand需求量很大meet/satisfy ones demands满足某人的需求11.relate vt.联系;讲述单句填空(2019全国卷)This is quite important,because it is directly related your commitment.The position calls for(relate)experience in the field and good skills at
18、using computers.Determining where we are in(relate)to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.torelatedrelation一句多译背诵你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。You should write down all the information the problem.(relate)You should write down all the information the problem.(relation)related toin relation to【归纳】(1)relate sth to sb向某人讲述某事relate to 与相关;涉及;谈到(2)related adj.相关的;有联系的be related to.与有关(3)relation n.关系,联系in relation to关于
