1、单元核心考点单元核心考点新人教新人教 必修必修第一册第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters知识回顾refer vt.参考;指;涉及;谈及;提到;提及;称(为);描述;refer to sb.提及某人，指的是某人refer to sth.参考，查阅，谈及refer to a dictionary=look up a word in a dictionary查字典refer to.as 将.称为Language focus1.Circle the key word(s)in the questions below and write the kind of information
2、 they refer to.(教材教材P48)句意：圈出下面问题的关键词并写下它们所指代的信息。圈出下面问题的关键词并写下它们所指代的信息。词汇拓展refer 的现在分词:referring;过去式:referred;过去分词:referredreference n.参考，涉及，提到made no reference to 没有提到巩固内化单句语法填空You know who Im _(refer)to.There is a list of _(refer)at the end of each chapter.She always referred to Ben _“that nice ma
3、n”.referringreferencesas衔接高考(2018.2018.全国全国III)III)In fact,tradition also _(refer)to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.(2018.2018.全国全国III)III)The prize is often _ the Nobel Prize in architecture.该奖项通常被称为建筑界的诺贝尔奖。衔接写作 补全句子She _ her illness but only to her future pl
4、ans.她没有提到她的病，只说了她未来的计划。Her mother never _ him again.她的母亲再也没有提起过他。made no reference toreferred torefers referred to as 知识回顾rescue n.&vt.营救；救援rescue the injured 拯救伤者the rescue worker 救援队rescue sb from danger 从危险中救出某人2.what are the rescue worrs and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?(教材教材P48)句意：洪灾地区的
5、救援人员和士兵在做什么？洪灾地区的救援人员和士兵在做什么？词汇拓展 rescuer 救援人员巩固内化 单句语法填空 Every type of boat was pressed into service to rescue passengers _ the sinking ferry.It took _(rescue)90 minutes to reach the trapped men.衔接写作 补全句子 _ are using thermal imaging to locate survivors of the earthquake.救援队伍正利用热成像确定地震幸存者的位置。Two chi
6、ldren _ the burning car.两名儿童从燃烧着的车中被救了出来。Rescue teams fromrescuerswere rescued fromrescue worker/rescuer 衔接高考(2018.2018.北京北京)A _ risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一个救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山里两天的游客。3.Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?(教材教材P48)知识回顾 n.U
7、损坏损坏;损失损失;破坏破坏;p.损害赔偿金损害赔偿金 do/cause damage to 对对造成损害造成损害 vt.损害损害;破坏破坏 damage ones health 损害某人的健康损害某人的健康句意：首尔的哪些建筑物受损了？damage巩固内化 单句语法填空Several vehicles were _(damage)in the crash.The earthquake caused damage _ property estimated at$6 million.damagedto衔接高考(2018.北京)Attention should be paid to how dri
8、verless cars can _ our environment.应该注意无人驾驶汽车如何对我们的环境造成损害。(2020.新高考I)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it _(cause)had driven away a munber of birds.cause damage tocaused 知识回顾 destroy ones confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰4.destroy vt.摧毁摧毁;毁灭毁灭;消灭消灭;破坏破坏(P49)词汇拓展 destruction
9、 n.U摧毁摧毁;毁灭毁灭;破坏破坏 destructive adj.造成破坏的造成破坏的;毁灭性的毁灭性的 destroyer n.驱逐舰驱逐舰;破坏者破坏者;毁灭者毁灭者巩固内化 单句语法填空Three cruisers and three _(destroy)were heavily damaged or _(destroy).There is at last an apparent end to the _(destroy)price war.But the end result would be a _(destroy)of your country and mine.destroy
10、ersdestructiondestructivedestroyed5.death n.死；死亡死；死亡;死神死神 (教材P49)知识回顾 accidental death 意外死亡sudden death 猝死词汇拓展die v.枯竭；消失；死 dead adj.死亡的；无生命的 adv.完全地；直接地；突然地dying adj.垂死的；临终的；动词die的现在分词形式deadly adj.致命的 adv.极其;非常巩固内化 用die的适当形式填空AIDS is a _ disease.You can pass a rope around this _ tree.The little gir
11、l cried when she saw her _ cat.Her _ was a great shock to us all.Believe me,Im _ serious.She _ ten years ago but her memory lives on.deadlydeaddyingdeath deadlydied6.affect vt.影响影响(疾病疾病)侵袭；深深打动侵袭；深深打动 (教材P49)affect与与effect均可表示均可表示“影响影响”，其区别是，其区别是:前者是动词前者是动词(及物及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，af
12、fect=have an effect on。influence表示表示“影响影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物及物)或名词。或名词。常见的搭配有：常见的搭配有：have an influence on 表示表示“对对.产生影响产生影响”。知识拓展知识拓展 affect、effect和和influence的区别的区别词汇拓展effect n.效果效果 have an effect on对对产生影响产生影响 effective adj.有效的有效的 effectively adv.有效地
13、有效地衔接写作完成句子完成句子The news _ at all.这条消息对她没有一点影响。Manufacturing processes may _ the functionality of the product.生产过程可能要受到产品设计目的的影响。巩固内化单句语法填空_(affect)a policy is to have an _(affect)on it.Television is an _(affcet)means of communication.To affectbe affected byeffect effectivehad no effect on her 衔接高考(2
14、020.2020.江苏江苏)Athletes and sciences have long known that meal timing _(affect)performance.affects 7.Shelters set up by the government(教材P49)句意：句意：政府建立的避难所 知识回顾知识回顾 shelter n.避难所；居所；庇护避难所；居所；庇护 vt.保护；遮蔽保护；遮蔽 vi.躲避躲避(风雨或危险风雨或危险)sheltern.v.take shelter from 躲避躲避shelter from 躲避躲避=take shelter fromshelte
15、rfrom 保护保护不受不受vt.vi.衔接写作 补全句子 I want to _ the poison rain.我想要躲避天上飘落的毒雨。They _ the police.他们掩护他躲避警察。巩固内化单句语法填空 The tree affords some shelter _from the sun.A neighbor _(shelter)the boy for seven days.Some _(shelter)were being prepared for possible air raids.fromshelterstake shelter fromsheltered him f
16、romshelteredin ruins 严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪 be/lie in ruins 变成废墟变成废墟go to ruin=fall into ruin 衰落衰落,败落败落be the ruin of 使使破产、身体垮掉、名誉扫地破产、身体垮掉、名誉扫地 8.In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.(教材P50)知识回顾知识回顾 ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏破坏；毁坏句意：句意：不到一分钟的时间，一座偌大的城市就成了废墟。不到一分钟的时间，一座偌大的城市就成了废墟。巩固内化补全句子I _ my cell
17、phone on the desk just now,but now I cant find it.我刚才把手机放在桌子上，但现在找不到了。I dont know why he _ about his age.我不知道他为什么谎报自己的年龄。He _ on the sofa quietly.他静静地躺在沙发上。laid 知识拓展知识拓展 【区别区别】lielaylainlying 处于，位于，躺处于，位于，躺 lieliedliedlying 撒谎撒谎 laylaidlaidlaying 放置，下蛋放置，下蛋lied lies ruin/destroy/damage1.ruin 可作名词和动词
18、，指非暴力的破坏，尤指对美 好的或希望中的事物的破坏。例：The fire ruined the house.2.destroy 只能用作动词,指破坏、毁灭不可能修复,也可以指希望、计划等打破。例：The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.3.damage 可作名词和动词，指部分损坏、损害、破 坏或指使用价值有所降低。例：The accident did a lot of damage to his car.知识拓展知识拓展 巩固内化用ruin/destroy/damage的正确形式填空。Everywhere they looked near
19、ly everything was _.Soft wood _ easily.He _ his girl friends prospects.The bridge was _ by the flood.An earthquake left the whole town in _.damages ruined damaged destroyedruins 知识回顾知识回顾 9.People were in shockand then,later that after-noon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.(教材P50)句意：句意：人们震惊了人们震
20、惊了-然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震袭击唐山。大地震袭击唐山。shock v./n.震惊震惊;吃惊吃惊(sb.be)in shock 震惊;吃惊词汇拓展shocked adj.吃惊的吃惊的;震惊的（修饰人）震惊的（修饰人）sb.be shocked(at)(对)感到震惊sb.be shocked to do 做某事很震惊shocking adj.令人气愤的令人气愤的;令人震惊的（修饰事物）令人震惊的（修饰事物）巩固内化单句语法填空：单句语法填空：We were shocked _(learn)of his passing away.They sat ther
21、e _ shock and disbelief.We were _(shock)at the _(shock)news that he died yesterday.衔接高考 (2020.2020.全国全国II)II)And I went home,and over that weekend I wrote the story Clif ford the Big Red Dog,and _(shock)when it was accepted for publication,because Id never written anything before.to learn in shocked
22、shocking was shocked breathe vi.&vt.呼吸呼吸breathe(sth.)in 吸入（气体）吸入（气体）breathe out 呼气呼气 知识回顾知识回顾 10.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.(教材P50)句意：慢慢地，城市又开始呼吸了。词汇拓展breath n.呼吸呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的;屏息的屏息的 take a deep breath 深呼吸hold ones breath 屏住呼吸be out of breath 喘不过气来=breathles
23、s巩固内化 用breathe的适当形式填空：1 Only in the countryside can we have a _ of fresh air.2 I was a little _ and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.3.In an attack of asthma,she _ hard.4.“Take the money and run on,”my mother said _.breath breathless衔接写作补全句子He has run himself _他跑得上气不接下气。She _ and sat up slowly with g
24、reat effort.她深吸一口气,慢慢地、努力地坐了起来。breathed out of breath/breathlesslytook a deep breathbreathlessly 11.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.(教材P50)知识回顾知识回顾 effort n.努力努力;艰难的尝试艰难的尝试;尽力尽力make efforts/an/eve
25、ry effort to do sth =spare no effort to do sth.=try ones best to do sth.不遗余力做某事不遗余力做某事;竭尽全力做某竭尽全力做某make no effort to do sth.毫不费力做某事毫不费力做某事with/without effort 努力地，艰难地努力地，艰难地/容易地，不费力地容易地，不费力地句意：在政府的强力支持和城市人民的不懈努力下,新的唐山在一片地址废墟中崛起。巩固内化 单句语法单句语法填空：填空：He made no effort _(hide)his disappointment.She took a
26、 deep breath and sat up slowly and _ great effort.Is this all the payment I get for my _?to hide with efforts 衔接写作一句多译地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。The local clubs_ more young people.The local clubs_ more young people.The local clubs_ more young people.are making every/an effort to attractare sparing no eff
27、ort to attractare trying/doing their best to attract衔接高考(2020.(2020.全国全国I)I)While Queensland Rail _(make)every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.makes 12.What kind of help do you think people wh
28、o have suffered an earthquake need?(教材P51)知识回顾知识回顾 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦受苦suffer pains/losses 经受痛苦/蒙受损失suffer a defeat 遭受失败 suffer from 遭受（疾病、痛苦）句意：你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？知识点拨知识点拨 suffer既可用作不及物动词既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,常接表示不吉利的名词常接表示不吉利的名词(如如loss,pain,defeat,pu
29、nishment,hardship等等)作宾语。作宾语。suffer用作不及物动词时用作不及物动词时,常与介词常与介词from,for,by等连用等连用,表表示示“因因而受罚苦、损而受罚苦、损”。词汇拓展 suffering n.痛苦 sufferer n.受害者巩固内化 单句语法单句语法填空：填空：Many people suffer _ mental illness at some point in their lives.This war has caused widespread human _(suffer).She received many letters of support
30、from fellow _(suffer).fromsufferingsufferers衔接高考(2018.浙江浙江)If a neighbour _(suffer)an illness,offer to do the grocery shopping.suffers 13.The supplies which were provides to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(教材P52)句意：向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。知识回顾知识回顾 supply n.C供应(量);(pl)补给品,U供应;供给w
31、ater/food supply 水/食物供应be in short supply 短缺supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.提供某物给某人词汇拓展supplier n.供应商巩固内化 单句语法填空It is good practice to supply a written report _the buyer.We are very much aware of the lack of food _(supply).Books were _ short supply.The equipment can be purchased from your local
32、_(supply).衔接写作 一句多译一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。Some foreign governments _ the rebels _ arms.Some foreign governments _ arms _the rebels.tosuppliesin supplied withsupplier supplied to 知识拓展知识拓展 supply,provide,offer都有都有“提供提供”的意思，作动词用时，的意思，作动词用时，supply一一般指的是定期供应，重点在替代或是补充所需物品般指的是定期供应，重点在替代或是补充所需物品;provide指的是指的是有远见，为
33、应付意外状况或是紧急情况，而供给或是提供有远见，为应付意外状况或是紧急情况，而供给或是提供;supply和和 provide有时可互换，有时可互换，offer则重点在于愿意给予，主动则重点在于愿意给予，主动“提供提供”。它们的主要区别在于搭配上。它们的主要区别在于搭配上。supply sb.with sth.提供某物给某人supply sth.to sb.给某人提供某物提供提供supplyprovideofferprovide sb.with sth.提供某物给某人provide sth.for sb.给某人提供某物offer sb.sth.提供某物给某人offer sth.to sb.给某人
34、提供某物offer to do sth.主动提出做某事巩固内化 用supply,provide,offer的适当形式的适当形式填空Mom _ us some cakes.The restaurants _ delicious meals for people.Cows _ us with milk.If a neighbor suffers an illness,_ to do the grocery shopping.offeredprovidessupply offer 14.Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.(教材P52)
35、survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过survive _ 依靠依靠生存下来生存下来survive _ 从从存存活活下来下来；流传下来；流传下来A survive B by.A比比B活得久活得久.知识回顾知识回顾 onfrom词汇拓展survivor n.幸存者;生还者survival n.U幸存C残余物;幸存物句意：她正在喂地震中幸存的婴儿。巩固内化 单句语法填空Of the six people injured in the crash,only two _(survive).She survived her husband _ ten years.Some strange
36、customs have survived _ earlier times.She was the only _ that was rescued from the accident.He was told that he had a one in 500 chance of _.survivedbysurvival fromsurviver衔接写作 一句多译没有水，没有人能生存下来。Nobody can _ water.Everyone should _ water.survive withoutsurvive on 15.The undersea quake struck around 7
37、:00 a.m.,Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.(教材P54)strike n./v.(struck,struck/stricken)知识回顾知识回顾 句意：周日上午7点左右，印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。strike1.n./v.突然发生(某种不幸);(灾难、疾病等)侵袭be struck by 被被侵袭侵袭/打动打动 2.(使)突然想起:(使)突然想到It strikes sb.that.=It occurs to sb.that.某人突然想起某人突然想起3.v.(摩擦)打(火花);划;击出火星)strik
38、e a match 划火柴划火柴4.(时钟)敲,鸣,响5.n./v.罢工 be on strike 在罢工在罢工巩固内化用strike的适当形式填空，并翻译句子中strike的意思_ while the iron is hot._The child ran into the road and was _ by a car._ It _ me that I forgot to take my keys._The country was split down the middle over the _._The clock _ nine._He fell,_ his head on the edg
39、e of the table._Strike struck struckstrike striking 击打击打撞击撞击(使使)突然想起突然想起struck 罢工罢工(时钟时钟)敲敲碰撞碰撞伴随状语：指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。仿写仿写这条狗跟着主人进了屋。这条狗跟着主人进了屋。The dog entered the room,_ his master.主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。The master entered the room,_ by his dog.伴随状语使用的分词有V-ing(跟主语构成主动关系)和V-ed
40、(跟主语构成被动关系)两种形式。Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide,and fish jumped out of the water.1伴随状语伴随状语Difficult sentencesfollowing followed 句型剖析too+adj./adv.+to do表示表示“太太而不能而不能”,该句式表示否定意义。该句式表示否定意义。但在以下几种情况，但在以下几种情况，tooto结构可以表示肯定意义：结构可以表示肯定意义：当与not/never连用，构成not/never too.to.或too.not to.结构
41、时。too.to结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready,apt,eager,satisfied,inclined,kind,willing,easy,anxious等加动词不定式，表示一种状态、态度、倾向或心情等，其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容，而是修饰形容词。too.to结构之前带有but,only,all,never,not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作非常、十分、实在、真是太等。Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.2仿写仿写他太
42、害羞，不敢做演讲。他太害羞，不敢做演讲。He is too shy _.活到老学到老活到老学到老。Its never_.她非常想买这条裙子。She was _ this dress.to give a speechtoo old to learn too anxious to buy衔接高考(2020.天津第一次天津第一次)Carrying adequate batteries,however,would make the plane _ heavy to get offf the ground.too 句意：世界似乎到了末日!as if/as though 表示表示“看起来似乎看起来似乎”,
43、在在表语从句表语从句中中相当于相当于that=It seemed that the world were coming to an end!as if/as though的语气的语气陈述语气当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或者极有可能发生或存在的事时虚拟语气当说话人认为句子所陈述的是不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!3主句as if引导表语从句as if 引导的从句使用虚拟语气时，动词时态的形式如下：引导的从句使用虚拟语气时，动词时态的形式如下：仿写仿写我们的婚礼我记忆犹新，就像昨天一样。我们的婚礼我
44、记忆犹新，就像昨天一样。I can remember our wedding as if _.我觉得好像我的心都不跳了。我觉得好像我的心都不跳了。I felt as if my heart_.从他的说话的样子来看他是醉了。从他的说话的样子来看他是醉了。He talks as if he_ .it were yesterday用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。从句应该用一般过去时用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。从句应该用一般过去时（be动动词要用词要用were）。用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。其中，从句的结构是主语+had+动词的过去分词。用于表示与将来事实相反。从句的结构为主语+would/coul
45、d/might/should+动词原形。had stoppedis drunk衔接高考(2020.全国全国II)I aways read,using different voices,as though I _(be)acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!were语法剖析此句中此句中one third of 为为“三分之一”,此句涉及分数的表此句涉及分数的表达。在英语中，表示分数时，基数词表示分子，序数达。在英语中，表示分数时，基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母词表示分母;分子为分子为1时，既可以用时，既可以用 one，也可用
46、，也可用a;如如果分子大于果分子大于1，分母则要用复数形式。，分母则要用复数形式。知识拓展知识拓展 “分数分数/百分数百分数+of+of+名词名词/代词代词”作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数由名词/代词决定。代词决定。Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it!【句意】【句意】全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感。3仿写仿写 大约三分之二的学生都将参加会议。大约三分之二的学生都将参加会议。About _ the students _ going to attend the meeting.这个地区百分之八十都植树了。_the a
47、rea _ with trees.我们学校百分之八十的学生来自农村。我们学校百分之八十的学生来自农村。_the students in our school _ from the country.two thirds ofare 80 of/80 percent of is covered 80 of/80 percent of are/come语法剖析sb.was/were doing.when.意为意为“某人正在做某人正在做这时这时突突然然”此句型表示此句型表示当一个动作发生时当一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在发另一个动作正在发生生,when表示表示“这时，突然这时，突然”，是并列连词，且可
48、以跟，是并列连词，且可以跟suddenly连用以加强语气，此时不能替换成连用以加强语气，此时不能替换成while,when前面用前面用过去过去进行进行时态时态，后面用一般过去时，后面用一般过去时。I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.【句意】【句意】我当时正在和三个孩子吃早餐,这时海水开始涌入我家。3仿写仿写我正在家里做功课，突然家里着火了。我正在家里做功课，突然家里着火了。I _ at home when the fire _.was doing my homework
49、 broke out 知识拓展知识拓展 sb.was/were about to do sth.when+一般过去时一般过去时 正准备做某事正准备做某事,这时这时.sb.had(just)done sth.when+一般过去时一般过去时 刚做完某事刚做完某事,这时这时.仿写仿写我刚要跟他打电话，这时，他打来电话了。我刚要跟他打电话，这时，他打来电话了。I _ phone him _ he phoned me.我我刚做完试卷，这时铃声就响刚做完试卷，这时铃声就响了。了。I _ the bell rang.我正在想这件事，突然听到有人叫我名字我正在想这件事，突然听到有人叫我名字。I_ I heard my name called.was about to when had just finished my exam paper whenwas thinking about the matter whenThank you!
