1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersDiscovering Useful StructuresIn this section,you are going to:learn the structure and usage of restrictive relative clauses;use the restrictive relative clauses to make sentences.The structure of restrictive relative clauses先行词关系代词Two thirds of the people who lived there were
2、 dead or injured.定语从句定义：在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句或在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句或 主句中一部分的句子叫作定语从句。主句中一部分的句子叫作定语从句。先行词关系代词定语从句通常由定语从句通常由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词之后。如：位于被修饰词之后。如：关系代词 先行词关系副词先行词The man who lives next to us is a police officer.A drone is an aircraft without a pilot t
3、hat is operated by remote control.We will start at the point where we left off last time.关系代词例句that指物This is a book that interests a large number of people.（作主语）Is there anything(that)I can do for you?（作宾语）指人He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.（作主语）He is a man(that)you can safely trust.（
4、作宾语）which指物The bus which has just left was the last one today.（作主语）The fish(which)I bought this morning were not fresh.（作宾语）who/whom指人The expert who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.（作主语）The one(who/whom)we are talking about is a scientist.（作宾语）This is the teacher to whom I referred.（作宾语）w
5、hose指物The room whose window faces south is mine.（作定语）指人She is the girl whose brother is studying abroad.（作定语）【注意】关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在口语或非正式的书面表达中，常常省略。关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在口语或非正式的书面表达中，常常省略。关系副词例句when时间The first of October,1949,is the day when(=on which)the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Ill never forget
6、the time when(=during which)we visited Xian.Do you remember the day when(=on which)we first met?where地点This is the place where(=at/in which)we first met.The hotel where(=at/in which)we stayed was very clean.I recently went back to the town where(=in which)my father was born.Id like to live in a coun
7、try where(=in which)there is plenty of sunshine.why原因Thats the reason why(=for which)he missed his bus.I didnt get a pay rise,but this wasnt the reason why(=for which)I left.Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.1 The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience
8、 that my great-grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.A doctor with whom James
9、 used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.Suggested Answers The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collect
10、ed from around the country.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.(Paragraph 1)Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most d
11、eadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.(Paragraph 2)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.(Paragraph 2)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.(P
12、aragraph 2)Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(Paragraph 4)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(Paragraph 4)Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page
13、 50.2Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.31.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。3.The next day,pe
14、ople put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。whosewhothat或或/4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hosp
15、ital.那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。7.Is this young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？whosewhomwhothat或或whichWork with a partner.Take turns to ask each other about the
16、pictures.Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that,which,who,whose,or whom.4EXAMPLEA:Whats the rescue worker doing?B:Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.1.A:Who is the woman who/that is holding the baby?B:Shes a rescue worker.A:Where is the woman who/that is the babys
17、 mother?B:Maybe shes injured and in the hospital.2.A:Who are the people whose tent is being fixed?B:The people whose city was destroyed by the earthquake.3.A:Why is this dog part of the rescue team?B:The dog,whose job is to search people who are buried in the ruins,has an incredible sense of smell a
18、nd hearing for finding people in the ruins.volcano active volcano dormant volcanoextinct volcanoeruptsupply typhoon n.火山（pl.-oes or-os）活火山休眠火山死火山vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出n.供应（量）；补给 pl.补给品vt.供应；供给n.台风architectdisaster area wake upput up hurricanesurvivein the open air n.建筑师；设计师灾区唤醒；激起；唤起建造；搭起n.（尤指西大西洋的）飓风vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过露天；在户外Write a short passage of 7 sentences to describe the rescue work after the natural disaster.At least 5 restrictive relative clauses must be used.
