1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersReading and Thinking(1)1.DiscussingWhat do you think may happen before an earthquake?_2.PredictingLook at the title and the picture and predict what the text is probably about._ Bright lights in the sky may appear.Animals may be too nervous to eat.Mice may run out of holes lo
2、oking for places to hide.Fish may jump out of their pools and ponds.Well walls may have deep cracks.A terrible earthquake is likely to happen.1.First readingMatch the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1A.The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.Para.2 B.The earthquake happened and
3、 caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan.Para.3 C.Help came soon after the quakes.Para.4 D.Strange things happened，but no one paid attention to them.Para.5 E.Tangshan came back to life again.答案Para.1 DPara.2 BPara.3 APara.4 CPara.5 E 2.Second readingChoose the best answer according to the text.(1)Whe
4、n did the earthquake happen?A.At night on July 28,1976.B.On the morning of July 28,1976.C.On the afternoon of July 28,1976.D.The writer didnt tell us.(2)How many people who lived there were dead or injured?A.A half.B.Two thirds.C.One third.D.The text didnt tell us.(3)What does the sentence“Slowly,th
5、e city began to breathe again.”mean?A.The city will not die;it has hope and it can recover from the pain.B.The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.C.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.D.Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued.答案(1)B(2)B(3)A3.Third readingFill in the blanks
6、according to the text.Tangshan EarthquakeBefore the earthquakeThe water in the village wells _ and fell again and again.Animals in the farmyards became too _ to eat.During the earthquakeAt 3：42 am everything began to _.And hard hills of rock became rivers of _.Damages of the earthquakeOver 400，000 p
7、eople were killed or _ in the earthquake.And nearly everything was _.rosenervous shakedirtinjureddestroyed The help from the whole nationSoldiers dug out those who were _ and buried the dead.Medical workers came to provide medical _.Workers built _ for survivors.The great success people have achieve
8、dThe new city has taken on a new look,with great _ in transportation,industry,and environment.trappedcareshelters improvements 1.Compared with Wenchuan Earthquake,why did Tangshan Earthquake cause such great losses?_People took no notice of the signs before the earthquake./People thought little of t
9、he earthquake./People didnt make good preparations for the earthquake./They lack knowledge about how to survive the earthquake./The buildings were not strong enough to resist.2.Imagine the room begins to shake and you must leave it right away.You have time to take only one thing.What will you take?W
10、hy?_3.Group work:Make a poster about earthquakes in groups._The answer is open.The answer is open.阅读技巧点拨怎样理清文章的篇章结构？阅读一篇文章，首先要知道这篇文章是围绕什么而展开的、是怎样展开的，这就是文章的篇章结构问题。理清文章和段落的组织结构有助于我们更加清晰地把握文章的脉络，理解作者的观点在文章中是如何提出、展开的。理清了文章结构不但可以帮助我们理解和记忆文章的主要信息，还可以帮助我们极大地提高阅读效率。学会有选择地阅读，哪些语句可以跳读、粗读，哪些语句需要精读、细读。本篇文章结构：_结
11、构；文章是以_组织的。分总时间顺序语言现象感知.单词理解体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义1.He was bleeding from the head and suffering from shock._2.His glasses were buried under a pile of papers._n.休克vt.掩埋.词块积累 写出下列词块的含义1.tens of thousands of_2.bury the dead_3.the rest of the world _4.in the well walls_成千上万的埋葬死者世界其他地方在井壁上.词块积累 写出下列词块的含义5.as usu
12、al_6.look for places to hide _7.get up on ones feet_8.become a home to_ 和往常一样寻找藏身之处站起来成为的家园.句式欣赏1.同词重复表强调For several days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.2.everywhere用作连词，引导状语从句。Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.3.把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，这种方法叫做拟人。Slowly,th
13、e city began to breathe again.思考请你在文中找出类似的拟人句：_The city began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.Reading and Thinking(2)Section Reading and Thinking(2).单词语境记忆根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式1.In order to catch the bear,some villagers set a _(陷阱)and covered it with some leaves.2.In spite of great _(努力),we
14、failed to carry out our plans through.3._(智慧)is knowing what to do next.4.Dont leave the lights on.It wastes _(电).trapeffortsWisdomelectricity5.Jills last school report _(shock)his parents into changing their opinion.6.Death finally brought an end to her _(suffer).7.Ever since he moved there，he _(bu
15、ry)himself in his research work.8.I like getting up early in the morning.The morning air is good to _(breath).shockedsufferinghas buried breathe.短语语境填空根据汉语提示写出适当的短语1.The city lay _(破败不堪)after the earthquake.Now,rows of houses are being built.2.It was reported that an American couple had _(掘出)a lot o
16、f gold coins from their own yard.3.Although I got up with a headache,I went to work _(像往常一样).4.If we _(穿过)the field well get there before Frank.5.Remember that success is getting up just one more time than you _(跌倒).in ruinsdug outas usualcut acrossfall down.语境串记多义词1.The storm ruined the crops,and t
17、he whole village was almost in ruins after the hurricane.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼，整个村子在飓风过后几乎变成了废墟。2.As soon as the cat is trapped,completely cover the trap and remove the trap from the area.一旦那只猫被困住，把圈套完全盖住并把圈套从该地区移开。记单词.构词法助记派生词名词后缀：-ing，-ity，-dom1.suffer(v.)suffering2.electric(adj.)electricity3.wise(adj.)wisdom.
18、句式语境仿写1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide,and fish jumped out of the water.老鼠从田里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼从水里跳了出来。仿写他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。All night long he lay awake,_.2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛到了世界末日！仿写看起来这条河好像不干净，不能游泳。_ the river isnt clean enough to swim here.(陈述语气)thi
19、nking of the problem It looks as if3.Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.幸存者们向四周看看，除了废墟什么也没有。仿写无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。_,she receives a warm welcome.4.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电是很难得到的。仿写他说这个问题不难解决。He said that the problem _.Everywhere she goeswas not difficult to
20、settle句型公式1.现在分词短语作伴随状语。2.It seems/looks as if.看起来好像3.everywhere作连词，意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句。4.“主语be形容词不定式”结构。Understanding in contextTHE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fe
21、ll.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide,and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3:00
22、 am on 28 July 1976,bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.文化视窗地震前常见征兆1.动物表现异常，例如：大量的蛇爬出洞来长距离迁移；家禽家畜不吃不喝，狂叫不止，不进窝圈；大量的老鼠白天出洞，不畏追赶；动物园里的动物萎靡不振，卧地不起等。2.地下水发生异常，例如：震区的枯井突然有了水，井水的水位突然大幅度上
23、升或下降，井水由苦变甜、由甜变苦等。1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物。【句式解读】too.to.意为“太而不能”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。【用法总结】(1)在“too.to.”结构中有时出现可数名词单数，而该结构的形式通常为“tooadj.a/an可数名词单数”。The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.The sentence i
24、s difficult enough for me to translate.这个句子太难我翻译不了。Your brother is too young a boy to be fit for the work.Your brother is so young a boy that he is not fit for the work.你弟弟太小还不能胜任这项工作。(2)too.to.结构表示肯定意义的情况当too之后跟表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等时。当“too.to.”结构中含有not或
25、never等否定词时。He is just too eager to know the result of the exam.他只是太想知道考试成绩。You will be never too careful to go across the street.过马路时，你再小心也不为过。巩固内化同义句转换The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.The house is _.The house is _.The problem is too difficult for me to work out.The problem is _ I cant wo
26、rk it out.Hearing the news,the teacher was so happy.The teacher was _ the news.too expensive for me to buy expensive enough for me to buyso difficult thattoo happy to hearUnderstanding in contextAt 3:42 am,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!Eleven kilometres di
27、rectly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it!A huge crack,eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide,cut across houses,roads,and waterways.Har
28、d hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.Everywhere su
29、rvivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings,90 percent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves,but no wind could blow them away.Most bridges had f
30、allen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs,and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shockand then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan
31、 again.Even more buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.文化视窗20世纪中国3次大地震1.1976年7月28日，中国唐山发生里氏7.8级大地震，造成242 769人死亡。2.1927年5月23日，中国甘肃古浪发生8.0级地震，死亡4万余人。3.1920年12月16日，中国宁夏回族自治区南部海原县一带发生8.5级地震，死亡28.8万人。唐山地震灾情唐山被夷成废墟，682 267间民
32、用建筑中有656 136间倒塌或受到严重破坏，242 769人死亡，164 851人重伤，4 204个孩子成了孤儿。直接经济损失达30亿元人民币以上。地震罹难场面惨烈到极点，为世界罕见。2.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏合作探究体会ruin的用法和意义The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。Heavy smoking ruins your health,so you should give up smoking.吸烟过量损害你的
33、健康，因此你应该戒烟。2.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏If you dont give up the computer games,youll ruin yourself.如果再不戒掉电脑游戏，你会毁了自己的。Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city took on a new look.在遭受大地震并沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。自主发现_成为废墟；毁灭reduce.to ruins 使成为废墟_ 自我毁灭be/lie in ruinsruin ones
34、elf巩固内化补全句子He _ through drinking when he was young.他年轻时喝酒毁了他的健康。Three days later,the fire was put out and some 500 blocks _.三天后火被扑灭了，大约500个街区夷为平地。ruined his healthlay/were in ruins思考表示“破坏”的单词还有哪些？请说出它们的区别。_(1)ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西。用作名词，意为“毁灭；废墟”。(2)damage损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值，通常接物。(3)destroy指彻底地破坏，一般不可修复
35、，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭。3.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的合作探究体会shock的用法和意义I looked at my husband in shock,waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.But he only shook his head.我震惊地望着丈夫，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。但他只是摇了摇头。His situation was a great shock
36、to us all.他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。I was shocked to hear that our factory would have to close.听说我们工厂将被迫关闭，我非常震惊。The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very shocked at it.他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。自主发现_ shock 震惊；吃惊be a shock to.使吃惊_ 做某事很吃惊be shocked _ 对感到震惊inbe shocked to do sth.at巩固
37、内化完成语段People _ that the UFO was flying over the city.The _ news _ all the people around,which was also a great _ people all over the country.人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行，这个让人震惊的消息震动了周围的人们，也使全国各地的人们感到震惊。思考请说出shocked和shocking的区别。_were shocked to seeshockingshockedshock toshocked adj.“感到震惊的”，表示人的心理状态和心理感受；
38、shocking adj.“令人震惊的”，说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。4.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛到了世界末日！【句式解读】as ifas though“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。【用法总结】(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。4.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛到了世界末日！(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语
39、动词用一般过去时。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。Hurry up!It looks as if the train is going to move.快点！看起来火车要开了。It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？He opened his mouth as if he would say something.He
40、opened his mouth as if to say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。巩固内化单句语法填空Tom shook his head as if _(say),“Dont trust her.”He treats me as if I _(be)his own daughter.They talked as if/though they _(be)friends for years.名师提醒as if/as though引导状语从句时的省略原则。as if/as though引导状语从句时，如果主语和主句的主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。
41、从句的结构是as if/as though名词/动词不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词等。to saywerehad beenUnderstanding in context But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.Wor
42、kers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train,truck,and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet again.With strong suppo
43、rt from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people,with great improvements in transportation,industry,and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of
44、 the world that in times of disaster,people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.文化视窗震后救援十余万解放军官兵紧急奔赴灾区救援；全国5万名医护人员和干部群众紧急集结，开赴救灾前线；危重伤员由专机、专列紧急疏散转移到11个省(市)治疗。抗震精神唐山人在灾难面前所凝结出来的“公而忘私，患难与共，百折不挠，勇往直前”的抗震精神，是震中及震后建设中支撑、激励、鼓舞和引导唐山人民最终战胜地震灾害、重建家园的精神力量。5.trap v
45、t.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 合作探究体会trap的用法和意义When travelling they were trapped in the mountain,waiting to be rescued.旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。The police trapped him into telling the truth.警察设圈套使他讲出实情。If you choose this way,youre likely to fall into a trap.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。自主发现_困在中；陷在中_ 诱使某人(做)某事_ 落入圈套/陷阱 be tra
46、pped in trap sb.into(doing)sth.fall into a trap巩固内化(1)补全句子He _ saying that he liked the girl.他被套出说他喜欢那个女孩。The team _ and they were eager to wait for rescue.队员们困在燃烧的建筑物中，焦急地等待救援。(2)句式升级用定语从句改写练习_was trapped intowere trapped in the burning building The team who were trapped in the burning building wer
47、e eager to wait for rescue.6.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心合作探究体会bury的用法和意义She buried her face in her hands and wept.她掩面而泣。Since his wife left,hes buried himself in his work.自从妻子离开以后，他一直专心于工作。Buried in his study,he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。bury.in.be buried inbury oneself
48、 in巩固内化一句多译由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外面下雨了。_,he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用连词because)_,he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语)_,he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用过去分词buried作状语)Because he buried himself in/was buried in the book Burying himself in the bookBuried in the book7.effor
49、t n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力合作探究体会effort的用法和意义Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make an effort.另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有我们努力了，我们才能从错误中学习。The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.公司为节省资金遣散了150名工人。If it is a matter of life and death,we shoul
50、d spare no effort to solve it.如果这是一个生死攸关的问题，我们就应该不遗余力地去解决它。自主发现make _ effort to do sth.努力做某事_ 为了做某事_ 不遗余力地做某事 anin an effort to do sth.spare no effort to do sth.巩固内化一句多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。Well _ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.Well _ you，but you must get prepa
