1、Unit 4How to write a summaryTsunamiLeading-inWhat disaster is it?What is a tsunami?A tsunami is a series of waves caused by earthquakes or undersea volcanic eruptions.Look and predictBefore ReadingWhats the passage mainly about?Tsunami hits Asia:over 6,500 deadBy Robert Woodhouse Monday,27 December
2、2004 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia.India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at 1east four other countries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars were swept away by huge waves caus
3、ed by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m.,Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.In that area alone,at least 1,870 people were killed.While Readingcrash into撞到上；fishing boat渔船strike v.侵袭，突袭；wave v.挥手 n.波浪 In Sri Lanka,some
4、1,600 kilometers west of the quake centre,the number of deaths stood at 2,498,and one million more were affected by the tsunami,government officials said.Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other coun
5、tries.In southern Thailand,1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing,local officials said.“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.We had to leave everything and run to safety,”said Chandra Theeravit,a local Thai woman.震中 Thousands of people are still
6、 missing,and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries.However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.1.Read the news report released the day after a tsu
7、nami and answer the questions 1.When did the tsunami happen?2.What caused the tsunami?3.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies?Monday,27 December 2004An earthquakeThe road is damaged and the condition is dangerous.After ReadingA summary is a written,shortened version of a piece of wr
8、iting in which you use your words to express the main ideas.Step1.Read each paragraphcarefully and find out the top sentence and key words of each paragraph.Step2.Write down the main idea of each paragraph in your own words.Step3.Write the first draft using some linking wordsand revise the summary.R
9、ecently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdowninHarbin,northeastChinasHeilongjiangProvince.Besides,theowneroftherestaurantfacedafineof500,000yuan.时间时间主语主语动作动作地点地点动作动作注意：圈出重点信息词汇，分清主要信息和次要信息，把修饰成分、细节注意：圈出重点信息词汇，分清主要信息和次要信息，把修饰成分、细节内容、举例说明等次要信息删掉。内容、举例说明等次要信息删掉。1.替换法：同义词替换；单词替换短语；短语替换句子等。替换法：同义词替换；单词
10、替换短语；短语替换句子等。2.转换法：词性转换；句式转换；语态转换。转换法：词性转换；句式转换；语态转换。3.合并法：把几个信息合在一个句子中表达；把原来多个简单句合并法：把几个信息合在一个句子中表达；把原来多个简单句整合成一个句子。整合成一个句子。Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdowninHarbin,northeastChinasHeilongjiangProvince.Besides,theowneroftherestfacedafineof500,000yuan.Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasor
11、deredtoshutdowninHarbin,northeastChinasHeilongjiangProvince.Besides,theowneroftherestaurantfacedafineof500,000 yuan.Latelyclose downfaced a heavy fineMain idea:Lately,a wild fish restaurant in Harbin was ordered to close down and faced a heavy fine.Its the first day of school and you have to find th
12、e perfect clothes to make a good impression.Lucky for me,I dont have this problem:my private school requires wear a uniform.Some may think this is not a good idea,but I think it is very positive.尝试用一句话总结下面这段话句式升级11.我认为穿校服有很多好处。I think wearing school uniforms has many benefits.I think it is beneficia
13、l to wear school uniforms.I think it is of great benefit to wear school uniforms.As far as Im concerned,wearing school uniforms is of great benefit.动名词作主语动名词作主语it is+adj.to do句型句型句式升级22.我们每天不仅不仅要按时到教室，还还必须要努力学习。We should come to classroom on time every day,and study hard.Not only do we come to schoo
14、l on time every day,but also we must work hard.not onlybut also的部分倒装句倒装句倒装句基本语序基本语序(natural order):主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)I love English.完全倒装完全倒装(full inversion):谓语+主语Here came the headmaster.部分倒装部分倒装(partial inversion):助动词/情态动词+主语+动词Never will I forgive you.部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词，要在主语
15、之前加助动词助动词do/does/did 等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,1itt1e,seldom,rarely(罕有),hardly,scarcely(几乎不),no sooner(立即)，by no means(决不),not only,in no way(决不),at no time,few,not,no 等，句式句式:“否定词否定词/词组词组+助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/be动词动词+主语主语+其他其他”Not until+从句/时间状语+主句(部分
16、倒装)No sooner had sb.done than;Hardly/scarcely had sb.done whenNot on1y+分句(部分倒装)but also+分句(不倒装)注意:【not only置于句首，but(also)部分不倒装】1.Not only _to stay at home,but he was also forbidden to see his friends.A.he was forcing B.he was forcedC.was he forcing D.was he forced 2.Little _about his own health though he was very ill.A.he cared B.did he care C.does he care D.he cares3.Seldom _him recently.A.I met B.I have met C.have I met D.didnt I meet DBDBye-bye!
