1、句子成分句子成分五大句型五大句型定语从句定语从句句子成分句子成分第一章 句子成分句子成分 定义：句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。定义：句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。句子成分有哪些呢？句子成分有哪些呢？主语谓语宾语补语定语状语表语同位语The baby is sleeping.She often gets up early.Smoking is bad for health.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.-名词名词-代词代词-动名词动名词-不定式不定式-从句从句可以作主语的成分有名词可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词，动名词等等
2、。主格代词，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。主语一般在句首。We should study hard.Tom didnt go to school yesterday.What he said is true.Seeing is believing.说明主语所做的动作或具有说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，有完整的时的特征和状态，有完整的时态和语态。一般在主语之后。态和语态。一般在主语之后。简单谓语：由动词或动词词组构成。简单谓语：由动词或动词词组构成。复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词构成。动词构成。Show your passport,please.She di
3、dnt say anything.I enjoy working with you.They asked to see my passport.Did you write down what he said?-名词名词-代词代词-动名词动名词 -不定式不定式 -从句从句由名词性的词充当，表示动作的由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面动词和介词后面(动宾动宾&介宾介宾)。主主谓谓宾宾宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。（副词、短语或句子）状语的种类：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条
4、件、方式和让步状语等。1.I go to school by bike.方式状语方式状语2.She was late for school because of the heavy rain.原因状语原因状语3.If you try your best,you will succeed.条件状语条件状语4.Although he is two years old,he can dress himself.让步状语让步状语Rainy days make me sad.位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明，使句子的意义完整。常有宾补的及物动词有：make,consider,find,see,get,h
5、ave,let,call。I found the book I found the book interestinginteresting.Do you hear Tom Do you hear Tom singingsinging?He made himself He made himself understoodunderstood.She asked me She asked me to lend her a handto lend her a hand.Please make yourself Please make yourself at homeat home.Please kee
6、p the dog Please keep the dog outout.We must keep it We must keep it a secreta secret.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词主主系动词系动词表表be动词：表示主语状态、身份等。状态系动词：表示继续保持一种状况，主要有keep,stay等。五大基本句型五大基本句型第二章Read this poem and recognize the sentence types.Spring is coming.Leaves turn green.Cows eat gr
7、ass.The spring gives us a warm hug.I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever.主语主语谓语谓语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语系动词系动词谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语表语表语 宾语宾语间宾间宾宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语宾语直宾直宾定语从句定语从句第三章请输入你的题目请输入你的题目教学目标1.何为定语从句？2.定语从句常用关系词？3.定语从句的构成？4.先行词和关系词的关系?5.定语从句的翻译？什么是定语？什么是定语？Attribute(定语定语)修饰；限定的作用修饰；限定的作用找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语
8、。1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.3.Whats your telephone number?4.She is a beautiful girl.honestouryourbeautiful找出下列句子中的定语：找出下列句子中的定语：1.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.2.He is our friend.3.We belong to the third world.4.He decided to teach the lazy boy a lesson.5.The man over there is m
9、y old friend.6.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.7.The boys playing football are in Class 2.8.The trees planted last year are growing well now.9.I have an idea to do it well.10.You should do everything that I do.名词名词代词代词数词数词形容词形容词副词短语副词短语 代词代词 形容词形容词介词短语介词短语代词代词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式定语从
10、句定语从句 The positions of the attribute:（定语的位置）（定语的位置）1.She is a beautiful girl.2.She is a girl with long hair.3.She is a girl who is beautiful.(美丽的美丽的)(长头发的长头发的)(美丽的美丽的)通常情况下，通常情况下，单个词单个词作定语时要放于被修饰词的作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面前面，短语或从句短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面后面。起。起修饰限修饰限定定的作用，译作的作用，译作“的的”The structures of th
11、e attributive clause:（定语从句的结构）（定语从句的结构）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：定语从句（句意：“的的”）被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词先行词 ”。引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词 ”。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词关系代词 The structures of the attributive clause:（定语从句的结构）（定语从句的结构）定语从句（缺少主语/
12、宾语/表语/定语/状语）名词或代词关系代词/关系副词先行词先行词 +关系词关系词 +从句从句 Find the attributive clause out:Do you know the man who spoke just now?The fish that we bought yesterday were not fresh.He finally worked out the problem which puzzled him for a long time.There is a mountain whose top is always covered with snow.August
13、8th,2008 is the day when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.关系词又分为两派：左边这路是关系代词，主要有这六个家伙右边这路是关系副词，有这三个家伙关系代词关系代词&关系副词关系副词只指代人只指代人 只指代事物只指代事物 人、物皆可人、物皆可 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who，whomwhichthat,whose,aswherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词作定语从句中的作定语从句中的关系词的作用：关系词的作用：e.g.This is the car which he bought last year
14、.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系词的关系词的作用作用1引导定语从句引导定语从句2代替先行词代替先行词3在从句中担当成分在从句中担当成分 Find the attributive clause out:Do you know the man who spoke just now?The fish that we bought yesterday were not fresh.He finally worked out the problem which puzzled him for a long time.There is a mountain whose top is al
15、ways covered with snow.August 8th,2008 is the day when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.关系词如何选择？关系词如何选择？找主句、从句；找先行词找主句、从句；找先行词把先行词放入从句，看先行词在从句中充当的成分，缺啥补啥把先行词放入从句，看先行词在从句中充当的成分，缺啥补啥Do you know the man who spoke just now?The fish that we bought yesterday were not fresh.He finally worked out
16、 the problem which puzzled him for a long time.There is a mountain whose top is always covered with snow.August 8th,2008 is the day when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.He is a famous He is a famous singersinger _ has published _ has published many songs.many songs.who/thatwho/that It is
17、 a musical program_ can help ordinary music lovers achieve their dreams in Zhejiang TV.which/thawhich/that tIt is a very popular novel It is a very popular novel _ _ J.K.Rowling created.J.K.Rowling created.(which/tha(which/that)t)ShShe is e is a famous athlete _a famous athlete _ fans come fans come
18、 from all over the world.from all over the world.(whose)(whose)He is the first black American He is the first black American _ the American people have elected(the American people have elected(选举选举)as)as president(president(总统总统).).(whom/that)(whom/that)It is a cell phone software(It is a cell phone
19、 software(软件软件)_ function function(功能功能)is to chat with others and send messages,)is to chat with others and send messages,pictures and videos.pictures and videos.whosewhose定语从句解题三部曲：定语从句解题三部曲：找主句、从句；找主句、从句；找到先行词；找到先行词；把先行词放入从句中，看充当什么成分，缺啥补啥。把先行词放入从句中，看充当什么成分，缺啥补啥。Join the following sentences：The gi
20、rl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl we saw her yesterday is Mary.The girl her we saw yesterday is Mary.The girl that/whom/who/略 we saw yesterday is Mary.that先行词可以是先行词可以是人或物，人或物，可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主主语和宾语语和宾语,作宾语可省略作宾语可省略.Join the following sentences：I like the book.You bought the book yesterday.I l
21、ike the book you bought the book yesterday.I like the book the book you bought yesterday.I like the book which/略 you bought yesterday.which先行词是先行词是物物,作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语,作宾作宾语可省略语可省略.Join the following sentences：The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man the man is speaking at
22、 the meeting is a worker.The man the man is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.who先行词先行词是人是人作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语,作宾语作宾语可省略可省略.Join the following sentences：The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The woman is a teacher they wanted to
23、 visit the woman.The woman is a teacher the woman they wanted to visit.The woman is a teacher whom/略 they wanted to visit.whom 先行词先行词是人，是人，作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语,作宾语作宾语可可省略省略.Join the following sentences：The woman is a teacher.The womans hair is red.The woman is a teacher the womans hair is red.The woman
24、is a teacher the womans hair is red.The woman is a teacher whose hair is red.whose 先行词先行词是人或物，是人或物，作定语从句的作定语从句的定语。定语。成分成分指代指代 主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人whowhom/whowhose指物指物whichwhichwhose指人或物指人或物thatthatwhose关系代词在定语从句中作关系代词在定语从句中作宾语宾语可省略可省略例例 1:The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人指人
25、:that/who(主语主语)例例2:The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that/略略)指人指人:who/whom/that(宾语宾语,可省略可省略)例例4:The question_ I dont know is about grammar.(that/which/略略)指物指物:that/which(宾语宾语,可省略可省略)例例3:The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物指物:that/which(主语主语)例例5：Yesterday she ta
26、lked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.A.which B.whose C.of which D.thatB关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用物时都用whose,可理解为可理解为“的的”that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列但在下列情况下情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。She has something that you can borrow.(1)先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词all,everything,not
27、hing,much,something,anything,little等等,that来把来把which踹。踹。Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first tree that he has planted.This is the very book that I want to read.(3)先行词前序高级，使用先行词前序高级，使用that必无疑。必无疑。all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the same,the last(4)先行词先行词为人和物，为
28、人和物，that来当顶梁柱。来当顶梁柱。The film star and her film that you have just talked about are well-known.(5)先行词在特疑中，避免重复先行词在特疑中，避免重复that冲。冲。Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(5)关系词做表语，只用关系词做表语，只用that。Our village is no longer the place_ it used to be.that下列情况中，定语从句中关系代
29、词一般用下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用而不用which：1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。2.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。5.先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物的时候，只能用的时候，只能用that。6
30、.关系词做表语关系词做表语，只用，只用that。Summary小试牛刀小试牛刀1)Anything _ can burn is a source of heat energy.2)This is the very book _ Im looking for.3)They talked about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.4)Which is the book _ you lost?5)This is the best film _ I have ever seen.6)Please get ready for eve
31、rything _ we need.7)This is the watch_ I lost yesterday.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat/which只用只用which而不用而不用that的情况：的情况：1.在非限定性定语从句中的用法在非限定性定语从句中的用法Carol said the work should be done by October,_ personally,I doubt very much.A.it B.that C.when D.whichD2.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去,没有了附加信息,我们仍能知道清楚谈论的是谁
32、,什么事,这样的从句使用逗号.e.g.He has a son,who has gone abroad for further study.定语从句的定语从句的种类种类:1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定作用,是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事,在这样的从句中不使用逗号.e.g.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.限制限制 性定语从句性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上形式上_逗号逗号_逗号逗号意义上意义上去掉后句意去掉后句意_去掉后句意去掉后句意_作用上作用上修饰限
33、制修饰限制可修饰可修饰_补充说明补充说明可修饰可修饰_关系代词关系代词that/which/who/whom/aswhich/who/whom不完整不完整不用不用用用完整完整先行词或主句先行词或主句先行词先行词Difference Tom found the ancient book,which was broken.I like the house,whose windows face the sea.He went abroad,which was unexpected.Find the non-attributive clauses out and translate them：The
34、man who is under the tree is my teacher The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital.只用只用which而不用而不用that的情况：的情况：2.关系代词前面有介词，只能用介词关系代词前面有介词，只能用介词+which：My glasses,_ I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.A.which B.with which C.without D without whichD只用只用which而不用而不用t
35、hat的情况：的情况：3.当先行词本身就是当先行词本身就是that时，宜用时，宜用which：That _ you told him about is what we want to know.A.that B.whichC.as D.whose只用只用who的情况：的情况：1.all指作先行词指作先行词,且表示人时且表示人时,用用who All _ have studied this question have come to the same conclusion.who注意注意:如果如果all 表示是物的时表示是物的时,就用就用that All that can be done has
36、been done.2.先行词是先行词是those,且指人时且指人时.Those _ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.who3.在在there be 结构中结构中,先行词是人先行词是人.There is a young lady _ asks for you.who4.当先行词是指人的不定代词当先行词是指人的不定代词,如如:one,anyone,no one,anybody.The student you should learn from is the one _ works hard
37、and studies well.who 高考题例高考题例：These houses are sold at such a low price_people expected.（2000高考题高考题）A.like B.as C.that D.whichas 的用法的用法：【解题技巧】：【解题技巧】：as作为关系代词用时，引导限定性定语从句通常作为关系代词用时，引导限定性定语从句通常用于用于“the sameas”和和“suchas”句型中。句型中。在从句中作成分在从句中作成分Suchas Such that.She had such a fright that she ran away.引导定
38、语从句引导定语从句;意为像意为像.一样一样;正如正如These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句;意为意为.以至以至完整的句子.the same as the same that.This is the same watch as I lost.This is the same watch that I lost这个手表跟我丢的有点像这个手表跟我丢的有点像.这就是我丢的手表这就是我丢的手表.强调相似性强调相似性强调同一性强调同一性1 1、asas引导非限定性定语从句时可以放在句首引导非
39、限定性定语从句时可以放在句首,代替下面的从句代替下面的从句,而而whichwhich不不能。能。2 2、asas引导的定语从句有引导的定语从句有“正如正如”之意之意,（从句谓语动词常用：（从句谓语动词常用：see,know,see,know,expect,discover,mentionexpect,discover,mention等搭配）等搭配）而而whichwhich引导的定语从句没有此意。引导的定语从句没有此意。as与与which引导非限定性定语从句的用法和区别引导非限定性定语从句的用法和区别1._ is known to everybody,the moon travels round
40、 the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What比较比较:_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.Itas 与与which 的意义区别的意义区别 as 有有”正如正如,就像就像”之意之意,表示符合人们的认识表示符合人们的认识,事情发展的特征事情发展的特征等等,即从句与主句的语意往往一致即从句与主句的语意往往一致.如果主句与从句的语意不一致时如果主句与从句的语意不一致时,用用which.They remarried,_ we
41、had expected.They remarried,_ we hadnt expected.aswhich 他们复婚了他们复婚了,正如我们所期待的正如我们所期待的.他们复婚了他们复婚了,那是我们所意料不到的那是我们所意料不到的.Way 做先行词，其后的关系词可用做先行词，其后的关系词可用I dont like_you speak to her.I dont like_you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of whichC.the
42、way which D.the way of which Ain which/that/不填不填1.Is there anything else_you want?A.which B.that C.who D.what2.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.itChoose the best answers:3.I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of wh
43、ich4.The famous basketball star,_ tried to make a come-back,attracted a lot of attention.A.where B.when C.which D.Who 5.Her sister has become a lawyer,_ she wanted to be.A.who B.that C.what D.which6.Please take the second chair_is over there.A.where B.which C.who D.thatdd关系副词：关系副词：when,where,whywhen
44、when指时间指时间作时间状语作时间状语wherewhere指地点指地点作地点状语作地点状语whywhy指原因指原因作原因状语作原因状语dd介词介词+关系代词（宾格）：关系代词（宾格）：指物：指物：in which,on which,of which,from which指人：指人：to whom,with whom,from whom【解题技巧】【解题技巧】：选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系：选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，只能用关系代词作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，只能用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中如果关系词在从句中作状语作状语（时
45、间、地点、原因）则（时间、地点、原因）则用副词用副词。She was educated at Peking University she went on to study.A.what B.which C.that D.where D关系副词关系副词的用法的用法注意注意:它在从句中充当它在从句中充当状语成分状语成分,一般来说一般来说,这个句子的这个句子的主谓宾主谓宾都是完整的都是完整的.关系副词关系副词(where,when,why)介词介词+which I will never forget the day.I first went to school on the day.I will n
46、ever forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.whenon whichLast week we visited the factory.My brother works there.Last week we visited the factory _ my brother works.Last week we visited the factory _ my brother works.Last week we visited the facto
47、ry _ my brother works in.where(which/that/)in whichThe reason was not clear.He didnt come for the reason.The reason _ he didnt come was not clear.The reason _ he didnt come was not clear.whyfor which比较比较:The reason _ you gave me is unacceptable.(that/which)I will remember the day _ I stayed with him
48、.I will remember the day _ I spent with him.when/on whichI will remember the day.I stay with him on the day.时间状语时间状语I will remember the day.I spent the day with him.宾语宾语 which/that/比较题目比较题目,弄清关系代词弄清关系代词关系副词关系副词关系代词关系代词This is a school _ my father worked.This is a school _ my father visited.where/in
49、whichwhich/that/关于定语从句的难点和出错点关于定语从句的难点和出错点.1.定语从句的从句部分出现代替的内容定语从句的从句部分出现代替的内容.This is the book that I like it best.2.插入语成分插入语成分.The beggar who I think is poor is in fact rich.从句部分从句部分3.分隔定语从句分隔定语从句由于句子内容或结构的需要由于句子内容或结构的需要,中间插入了其他成分将定中间插入了其他成分将定语从句与先行词隔开语从句与先行词隔开.The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used“foreign oil”.The days when the Chinese people used“foreign oil”are gone forever.头重脚轻的问题头重脚轻的问题.4.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题.1.She is one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting.2.She is the only one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting.(be)areis
