1、新人教新人教版版 高中英语高中英语 必修一必修一Unit4 Natural disasterUnit4 Natural disaster综合复习综合复习 disaster tornado drought landslideslide tsunami floodvolcanic eruptionn.灾难；灾害n.(pl.-oes or-os)龙卷风；旋风n.旱灾；久旱n.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动n.海啸n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没火山喷发magnituderescue damage destroy evacuate he
2、licopterdeathaffect sheltern.(地)震级；重大n.&vt.营救；救援vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失vt.摧毁；毁灭vi.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离n.直升机n.死；死亡vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)n.裂纹；裂缝 vt.&vi.（使）破裂似乎；好像；仿佛n.&vt.破坏；毁坏严重受损；破败不堪n.百分之 adj.&adv.每一百中n.砖；砖块n.金属n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊 震惊；吃惊crackas ifruinin ruinspercentbrickmetalshockin s
3、hockelectricitytrapburybreathereviverevivaleffortunifywisdomcontextsuffern.电；电能vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境，陷阱vt.埋葬；安葬vi.&vt.呼吸vt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒n.振兴；复苏n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力vi.&vt.统一；（使）成一体n.智慧；才智n.上下文；语境；背景vt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 volcano erupt supply typhoonin the open air hurricanesurviven.(pl.-oes or-os)火山火山vi.&vt.
4、(火山火山)爆发爆发;(岩浆、烟等岩浆、烟等)喷出喷出 n.供应供应（量）（量）；补给；补给；pl.补给品补给品 vt.供应；供给供应；供给n.台风台风露天；在户外露天；在户外n.(尤指西大西洋的）尤指西大西洋的）飓风飓风vi.生存；存活生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过幸存；艰难度过 power tap pipe whistleemergency calm n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力电力供应；能量；力量；控制力vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲水龙头；轻叩；轻敲n.管子；管道管子；管道vi.吹口哨；发出笛声吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨吹口哨n.哨子哨子
5、（声）（声）；呼啸声；呼啸声n.突发事件；紧急情况突发事件；紧急情况adj.镇静的；沉着的镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静使平静；使镇静aidkitfirst aid kiton handn.援助；帮助；救援物资援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.(formal)帮助；援助帮助；援助n.成套工具；成套设备成套工具；成套设备急救箱急救箱现有现有（尤指帮助）（尤指帮助）crash sweepsweep awaywavestrike deliversummaryeffectlengthvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫消灭；彻底消除n.海浪；
6、波浪 vi.&vt.挥手；招手vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击vt.&vi.递送；传达 vt.发表n.总结；概括；概要n.影响；结果；效果n.长；长度1.n.灾难;灾害2.n.旱灾;久旱3.n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没;vt.使灌满水;淹没4.n.&vt.营救;救援5.vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失6.vt.摧毁;毁灭7.vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动8.n.避难处;居所;vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避9.n.&vt.破坏;毁坏10.n.百分之 adj.&adv.每一百中disasterdroughtfloodrescueda
7、magedestroyaffectshelterruinpercent11.n.电;电能12.vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱13.vt.埋葬;安葬14.n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力15.n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品 vt.供应;16.n.突发事件;紧急情况17.adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静18.n.帮忙;援助;vi.&vt.(formal)帮助;援助19.vt.&vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞20.vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫21.n.海浪;波浪 vi.&vt.挥手;招手22.vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken
8、)侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击 electricitytrapburyeffortsupplyemergencycalmaidcrashsweepwavestrike23.vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表24.n.总结;概括;概要(B)阅读词汇明词义1.tornado n.2.landslide n.3.slide vi.&vt.(slid,slid)4.tsunami n.5.magnitude n.6.evacuate vt.vi.7.helicopter n.8.crack n.vi.&vt.9.brick n.deliversummary龙卷风；旋风（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；
9、滑坡（使）滑行；滑动海啸（地）震级；重大疏散;撤出撤离直升机裂纹;裂缝（使）破裂砖；砖块10.metal n.11.unify vi.&vt.12.context n.13.volcano n.14.typhoon n.15.hurricane n.16.tap vi.&vt.n.17.pipe n.18.whistle vi.vt.n.19.kit n.1.n.死;死亡 v.死亡;凋谢;消亡 adj.死的;枯萎的金属统一；（使）成一体上下文；语境；背景火山台风（尤指西大西洋的）飓风轻叩；轻敲；轻拍水龙头；轻叩；轻敲管子；管道吹口哨；发出笛声吹口哨哨子（声）；呼啸声成套工具；成套设备death
10、diedead2.n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊 adj.令人震惊的 adj.感到震惊的3.vi.&vt.呼吸 n.呼吸4.vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒 n.振兴;复苏5.n.智慧;才智 adj.明智的;聪明的6.vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 n.苦难;痛苦7.vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出 n.爆发;喷发shockshockingshockedbreathebreathreviverevivalwisdomwisesuffersufferingerupteruption8.vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过 n.生存,幸存;残存物
11、n.幸存者;生还者9.n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力 adj.力量大的;强有力的10.n.影响;结果;效果 adj.有效的11.n.长;长度 adj.长的;长期的 vt.&vi.(使)变长effecteffectivelengthlonglengthensurvivesurvivalsurvivorpowerpowerful.重点短语1.火山喷发2.谈及;参考;涉及3.升升降降,起起伏伏4.像往常一样;照例5.似乎;好像;仿佛6.结束;终结7.严重受损;破败不堪8.数以千计的9.吹走10.数以百万计的11.震惊;吃惊volcanic eruptionrefer torise and fall
12、as usualas ifcome to an endin ruinsthousands ofblow awaymillions ofin shock12.患病;受苦13.经历;检查14.露天;在户外15.轮流做某事16.急救箱17.现有(尤指帮助)18.消灭;彻底消除19.至少20.的数量21.执行;实施;完成22.为做准备23.set up suffer fromgo throughin the open airtake turns to do sth.first aid kiton handsweep awayat leastthe number of.carry outprepare
13、for.建起；建立建起；建立24.dig out 25.get up on ones feet 26.first of all 27.stay away from.28.make sure.挖出；挖掘挖出；挖掘站起来站起来首先首先远离远离确保确保ruin n.&vt.破坏;毁坏 ruins 严重受损;破败不堪fall ruin 衰落;破败易混辨析damage多指带来轻度损坏,所带来的损坏一般是可修复的ruin多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物、城镇等带来严重破坏,破坏的后果往往是使事物丧失价值;也可用于指使假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物尽毁或严重危害健康等destroy指彻底毁坏某事物,使事物丧
14、失功能或不复存在;也可用于指使希望、计划等落空inintobreathe vi.&vt.呼吸breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气breathe in/out 吸气/呼气breath n.呼吸take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深吸一口气hold ones breath lose ones breath 喘不过气来out of breath breathless adj.上气不接下气的屏住呼吸上气不接下气effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 =make an effort to do sth.努力做某事make every effort
15、to do sth.尽一切努力做某事spare no effort to do sth.an effort to do sth.为了做某事with/without effort be worth the effort 值得付出努力make efforts to do sth.不遗余力地做某事费力地/毫不费力地insuffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffer .患病;受苦 n.疼痛;苦难,痛苦sufferer n.受苦者;受难者suffer用作及物动词时后常接的宾语有pain、loss、injury、punishment、hunger等,而suffer from
16、表示遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。sufferingfrom supply n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品 vt.供应;供给be short supply 供应短缺supply sb.sth./supply sth.to sb.给某人提供某物inwithsupply补给不足的人员或设备provide事先准备好必需品来供应,或者表示提供建议或指导,常用搭配provide sb.with sth./provide sth.for sb.offer强调主动提供的,常用搭配offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过A
17、 survive B by.A比B活得长survive .从存活下来/留存下来survive sth.幸免于某事;从某事中挺过来/活过来survive .依靠生存/维持生活survivor n.幸存者survival n.U幸存;生存;C残存物;幸存事物fromon strike(struck,struck/stricken)v.侵袭;突击;击打;罢工;突然想到;划(火柴);敲;鸣;把迷住 n.罢工;罢课;袭击be struck /on.被打动;迷恋 strike在罢工It strikes/struck sb.striking adj.引人注目的;显著的;俊秀的byon某人突然想起某人突然想起
18、deliver vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表(演说等);生孩子;接生 /lecture 发表演讲deliver sth.sb./sp.投递/运送某物给某人/至某处delivery n.传递;递送;交付;分娩deliver a speechtoeffect n.影响;结果;效果come effect/take effect 生效;开始实施 effect 事实上,实际上;在实行中,有效bring/put.effect 使生效;实行,实施have an effect .对有影响cause and effect因果 adj.有效的;产生预期结果的;有影响力的affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵
19、袭;深深打动intoinintooneffectivebe doing sth.when.正在做某事,这时when用作并列连词常用于下列句型中:sb.sth.when.某人刚做完某事,这时(突然)sb./sth.when.某人正要做某事,这时(突然)sb.sth.when.某人正在做某事,这时(突然)had(just)donewas/were on the point of doingwas/were about to dowas/were doing单句语法填空2-1(2019天津,完形填空改编,)I was about to pay for my bananas at the gro-ce
20、ry one night,fear seized me.My wallet was gone.解析解析 考查并列连词。句意:一天晚上，我在食品杂货店正要付账买香蕉，这时突然恐惧袭来。我的钱包不见了。sb.was/were about to do sth.when.意为“某人正要做某事,这时(突然)”。故填when。2-2(2017天津,8,)I (drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.解析解析 考查动词的时态。句意:我正开车去伦敦，这时我突然发现我走错路了。sb.was/were doin
21、g sth.when.意为“某人正在做某事,这时(突然)”。故填was driving。whenwas driving完成句子2-3()我正要放弃,这时父亲过来鼓励我坚持下去。(1)I give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.(2)I giving up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.was about towas on the point of限制性定语从句(1)(that,which,who,whom,whose)定语从句在主从复合句中修
22、饰名词、代词,充当定语,其位置在其所修饰的词之后。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词指代前面的先行词,并在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词在从句中通常作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom和whose。【观察】They ignored the details which/that might result in the accident.他们忽略了可能会导致事故的细节。This is the suitcase that/which she is looking for.这是她正在找的手提箱。The num
23、ber of the people who/that come to visit this city each year reaches one mil-lion.每年来参观这座城市的人的数量达到一百万。Danny was the man who/whom/that we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。I know the person whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人,他的房子在地震中被完全摧毁了。【归纳】关系代词先行词在从句中所作成分能否省略that 主语、
24、宾语、表语作宾语时可以省略which 主语、宾语、定语作宾语时可以省略,但作介词的宾语且介词提到其前面时,which不能省略人/物事/物关系代词先行词在从句中所作成分能否省略who 主语、宾语作宾语时可以省略,作主语时不能省略whom人 作宾语时可以省略,但作介词的宾语且介词提到其前面时,whom不能省略whose人/物 不能省略人宾语定语一、宜用that不宜用which的情况【观察】You should hand in all that you have.你应该把你有的全部东西都交上来。This is the most interesting story that I have ever r
25、ead.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制订一个计划。Which is the bike that you lost?哪一辆是你丢的自行车?【归纳】1.先行词既有人又有物时用that。2.先行词为 everything、something、nothing、anything、little、few、等不定代词时或被few、little、much、the only、the very、all、every、any等修饰时,常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。3.先行词是序数词或
26、形容词最高级或被 、修饰时,用关系代词that引导定语从句。4.当主句是以 开头的特殊疑问句时用that。二、宜用who而不宜用that的情况【观察】Those who were not fit to do the work got fired.那些不能胜任这项工作的人被解雇了。【归纳】先行词是指人的 时。all形容词最高级序数词whichthose三、定语从句中的主谓一致【观察】Tommy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.汤米是那些学生中唯一考试不及格的人。She is one of those students
27、who sing well.她是唱歌唱得好的学生之一。【归纳】关系代词在定语从句中作 时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数方面应与前面的 保持一致。主语先行词单句语法填空1.(2020全国新高考,语法填空,)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.解析解析 句意：例如，Hans Sloane爵士收藏的8万件藏品构成了1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先
28、行词the British Museum，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which或that。2.(2020全国新高考,阅读理解D,)And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people order large portions(份),its the beanpoles(瘦高个子)with big appetites(食欲)you really need to avoid.解析解析 句意：和说你应该避免和点得多的更重的人一起吃饭的现有研究相反，你真正需要避免的是那些大
29、胃口的瘦高个子。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heavier people，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who或that。which/thatwho/that3.(2020全国,语法填空,)In ancient China lived an artist paint-ings were almost lifelike(逼真的,栩栩如生的).解析解析 句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。分析句子结构可知，paintings were almost lifelike为定语从句，修饰先行词an artist，且关系词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。4.(
30、2019浙江,语法填空,)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.解析解析 句意：在夹克的边上，有一块在黑暗中会发光的布。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为cloth,指物，且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that或which。whosethat/which5.(2019天津,完形填空,)No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had e-mails from two women kids go to my sons
31、 nursery and who recognized my face.解析解析 句意：她刚离开我的家门口，我就收到了两个女人的电子邮件，她们的孩子去了我儿子的托儿所，她们认出了我的脸。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 two women，关系词在从句中作定语，故填关系代词whose。6.(2019课标全国,阅读理解B,)What you need is a great teacher lets you make mistakes.解析解析 句意：你需要的是一位允许你犯错误的优秀老师。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词为teacher，指人，故填who或that。7.(2
32、019天津,3,)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those are not.解析解析 句意：一项研究表明参加课外活动的学生比那些不参加的学生更快乐。先行词为those，此处指代students，从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词who。whosewho/thatwho8.(2018课标全国,语法填空,)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a m
33、ere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析解析 句意：这个报告的其中两位作者在2014年还发表了一项研究，这项研究表明每天仅跑5到10分钟便可以降低患心脏病及由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a study，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which或that。9.(2018浙江,语法填空,)Many westerners come to China cook much l
34、ess than in their own countries.解析解析 句意：很多来到中国的西方人（自己）做饭的次数大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Many westerners，定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词指人，故填who或that。which/thatwho/that10.(2017北京,31,)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.解析解析 句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小麻烦有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。先行词是probl
35、ems，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，此处little表示“小的”，因此用that或which均可。11.(2017浙江,七选五改编,)Every interview you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.解析解析 句意：你在街上进行的每个采访不应该超过十分钟。设空处在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指物且被Every修饰，因此用that。选词填空12.(2018课标全国,阅读理解D,)The results showed that those (who/that/whom)chatted with their server r
36、eported significantly higher positive feel-ings and a better coffee shop experience.that/whichthatwho解析解析 句意：结果表明，那些与服务员闲聊的人说明显有更多的积极感受和较好的咖啡店体验。先行词为those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故选填who。13.(2017北京,35,)Many people (who/whom/which)live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.解析解析 句意：许多居住在沿海的人都从事捕鱼业谋生。
37、先行词是people，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故选填who。14.(2016课标全国,书面表达,)Any student (that/which/whom)is interested is welcome to participate.解析解析 句意：欢迎任何有兴趣的学生参加。先行词是student且被Any修饰，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故选填that。15.(2016北京,22,)I live next door to a couple (that/whom/whose)children often make a lot of noise.解析解析 句意：我的隔壁住着一对夫妇，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。关系词在定语从句中作定语，故选填whose。whothatwhose
