1、 阅读理解阅读理解做题技巧做题技巧初中英语初中英语把握事实把握事实和细节的和细节的能力。能力。掌握主旨掌握主旨和大意的和大意的能力能力 猜测生词猜测生词含义的能含义的能力力 阅读理解能力考察进行推理和进行推理和判断的能判断的能力力。逻辑关系逻辑关系的理解能的理解能力力 推断作者意推断作者意图和态度的图和态度的能力能力 阅读理解题型主旨归纳题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 细节理解题 细节理解题。细节理解题。主旨大意题主旨大意题1：主题类：主题类3：目的类：目的类2：标题类：标题类What is the passage mainly about?The best title of the passag
2、e is The purpose of this article is to Task1:了解主旨大意题的设题方式了解主旨大意题的设题方式 归纳主旨大意题及解题技巧归纳主旨大意题及解题技巧掌握定位主题句的方法What is the text mainly about?A.The importance of studying dogs B.The reason why dogs are different in sizeC.The ways dogs have changed over timeD.The advantages of keeping a dogLets practice and
3、summarizePeople have different tastes in food.For example:Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant
4、,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（1）段首段首(金字塔式）金字塔式）语 篇 结 构 为：点 出 主 题 围 绕 主 题 展开陈述、论证或说明。论说文论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。（1）（2）Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Othe
5、rs prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic(民主的民主的)discussion type of class.So no one teaching method can be designed to satisfy all students at the same time.（2 2）段尾（倒金字塔式）段尾（倒金字塔式）详细论证，总结陈详细论证，总结陈词。词。语篇结构为：表述细节语篇结构为：表述细节概括主题概括主题 （归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）（归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）Nothing
6、is as useful as a flashlight（手电筒（手电筒）on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions发明发明 are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also
7、 needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）（3 3）段中（哑铃式）段中（哑铃式）引题过渡，导出主题。引题过渡，导出主题。语篇结构为语篇结构为:“引题引题主题思想主题思想解释解释”或或“提问提问-回答回答解释解释”。Types Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topic structures214At the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentenceDo you think the topi
8、c sentence can always be found for a passage?开门见山，点出主题详细论证，总结陈词引题过渡，导出主题3归纳无主题句段落的归纳无主题句段落的方法方法 A family of mice were in the kitchen on Saturday morning when they saw a big cat.Baby Mouse was afraid and climbed onto his fathers back.Father Mouse shouted at the cat,Woof,woof!The cat quickly ran away.
9、Wow,Dad,youre good!said Baby Mouse.Father mouse turned to her babies and said,“Now,do you understand the _ of a second language?”importance常见的常见的generality words概括性的词：概括性的词：reason/causeway/methodadvantage/disadvantageview/opinionaim/purposeproblemtip/advice/suggestioninfluence,resultsummary/conclusi
10、onsimilarity,differencestep,processimportance,meaning归纳整篇文章主题的方法 No topic sentence for the whole passage 1.Find out the _of each para.2.Combine（合并）（合并）each _ fully understand each topic sentence find _ or_torepeating wordsthe same thingstopic sentencetopic sentence用以下三种技巧填空：用以下三种技巧填空：topic sentence
11、repeating words the same thingtopic sentence Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world.29 billion bottles of water are drunk each year.It takes 17 million barrels of crude oil to make these bottles.That is enough oil to keep a million cars going for twelve months.So why don
12、t more people drink water from the tap in the kitchen?Some people drink bottled water because they think it is better for them than water out of the tap,but that is not true.In the United States,the government makes sure water from the tap is safe.People love bottled water because it is convenient t
13、o take with them.But maybe if they understand the problems it makes,they will try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a reusable bottle instead of a plastic one.Although plastic water bottles can be turned into some other useful things,only a small number of them are reused.The rest a
14、re taken away in rubbish trucks,or even worse,they end up as rubbish on the land and in rivers,and the ocean.Plastic bottles take hundreds of year to break down.Water is good for you,so keep drinking it.But think about how often you use plastic water bottle,and see if you can make a change.If you ta
15、ke one to school,dont throw it awaybring it home and put tap water in it for the next day.What can we learn from the passage?A.Its important to save water B.We should use less oilC.We should use fewer plastic water bottles D.It is good to drink a lot of bottled water.(5)1：find out the topic sentence
16、 of each para2：combinerepeating words and the same things细节理解题 首先浏览一遍题目，看清题目要求理解什么细首先浏览一遍题目，看清题目要求理解什么细节，然后有选择性地在文中找出相应的段落句节，然后有选择性地在文中找出相应的段落句子或短语，认真分析理解，选出正确答案。子或短语，认真分析理解，选出正确答案。定位原文定位原文实例一What do you think of your teachers？Now，American students can say what they think on a new website！On ，studen
17、ts canrate(评定评定)their teachers.So far，there have been 2 million ratings for 365，000 teachers at 21，000 schools in the US and Canada.Where can the students rate(评定评定)their teachers according to the passage？A.On a new website B.At the class meeting C.In the classroom.D.Out of the school 实例二Dear Mr Gre
18、en,We would like to complain to you about the noise from our neighbour,Mary,in Room 402,and we hope you can do something about it.We live in Building 1.Our neighbour,in Room 402,often holds（举办）parties in the evening.Sometimes it is very late.You know,we are students and we must go to bed at 10：00 p.
19、m.Every morning we have to get up early,at 6：00 a.m.And half an hour later,we must go to school.The noise from the party is always a problem and we cant go to sleep.We often feel tired and want to sleep in class.We tell her not to do that,but it is no use.So,we are writing this letter to you.We wish
20、 to have a quiet night.If you cant do anything,maybe we will have to move out of this building.Yours Sincerely,Jack（Room 401）&Jim（Room 403）（1）What problem do Jack and Jim tell Mr Green?A.Too much homework.B.Too much night noise.C.Being late for school.D.A dirty neighbourhood.（2）When does Jack usuall
21、y go to school?A.At 6：00 a.m.B.At 6：30 a.m.C.At 7：00 a.m.D.At 7：30 a.m.（3）From the letter,we can know that Mr Green may be _.A.Jack and Jims teacher B.Marys fatherC.the manager of the building D.a policeman实例Dear Mr Green,We would like to complain to you about the noise from our neighbour,Mary,in Ro
22、om 402,and we hope you can do something about it.We live in Building 1.Our neighbour,in Room 402,often holds（举办）parties in the evening.Sometimes it is very late.You know,we are students and we must go to bed at 10：00 p.m.Every morning we have to get up early,at 6：00 a.m.And half an hour later,we mus
23、t go to school.The noise from the party is always a problem and we cant go to sleep.We often feel tired and want to sleep in class.We tell her not to do that,but it is no use.So,we are writing this letter to you.We wish to have a quiet night.If you cant do anything,maybe we will have to move out of
24、this building.Yours Sincerely,Jack（Room 401）&Jim（Room 403）（1）What problem do Jack and Jim tell Mr Green?A.Too much homework.B.Too much night noise.C.Being late for school.D.A dirty neighbourhood.（2）When does Jack usually go to school?A.At 6：00 a.m.B.At 6：30 a.m.C.At 7：00 a.m.D.At 7：30 a.m.（3）From th
25、e letter,we can know that Mr Green may be _.A.Jack and Jims teacher B.Marys fatherC.the manager of the building D.a policeman（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 We would like to complain to you about the noise from our neighbour,Mary,in Room 402,and we hope you can do something about it.理解可知，Jack与Jim向Green抱怨的是邻居在晚上制造的
26、噪音，故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 Every morning we have to get up early,at 6：00 a.m.And half an hour later,we must go to school.理解可知，Jack与Jim在早晨六点半去上学，故选B。（3）理解推断题。根据文中的语句 If you cant do anything,maybe we will have to move out of this building.理解可知，Green应该是这幢公寓的管理者，故选C。点睛考查了细节理解题，做题的时候，先从题目中找到一个关键词，它可以帮助我们很快地定位原文，找到答案。总结
