1、高考英语四选一阅读专题复习-理解作者的意图、观点和态度理解作者的意图、观点和态度考点 理解作者的意图、观点和态度，是近四年来全国卷和卷的必考点，全国卷的常考点。每年每套题通常考13个小题。这类题包括作者写整篇文章的目的，写某个部分或段落的目的，写某句话的目的，在文中提到某人或某事物的目的，以及使用某标点、引用和举例的目的等。题干中常有purpose或不定式(intend to do,in order to do,to do)。作者写文章的意图，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。这类题的提问方式有：What is the authors purpose in writing
2、 the text?(2018年全国卷)What does the author want to tell us?(2013年全国课标卷)What does the text suggest people do about?(2019全国卷)作者的意图：文章写作目的 写作意图与文体类型密切相关，因此，解答这类题可用文体推断法：议论文说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。说明文介绍某一事物或说明某种现象。记叙文分享一段有趣的经历或故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的观点、感悟或启示，重点关注首尾段中的“议”。广告推销一种产品或服务，其目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户
3、、观众等。典型例题2018年全国卷27 I first met Paul Newman in 1968,when George Roy Hill,the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.The friendship that grew out of the experien
4、ce of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that 关键词第一段写作者与Paul初相识第二段讲建立长久友谊的原因 We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew
5、what the deal was,and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.第三段讲建立长久友谊的原因第四段谈Paul病逝前作者看望Paul时的情景点拨：本文
6、是记叙文，要在理解其内容的基础上去推断作者的写作目的。第一段写作者与Paul初相识，第二段和第三段讲建立长久友谊的原因，第四段谈Paul病逝前作者看望Paul时的情景，全文都是讲作者与Paul的友谊的，关键词是第二段首句中的friendship，可见作者写这篇文章是为了纪念一个朋友，故选B项。对点练习1.(2016年全国卷31)If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.Its called Apple Day but in practic
7、e its more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote a
8、pple research.B 文体推断法。本文是说明文，作者应是介绍某事物。由第一段第一句“If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.(如果你是或愿意成为一名果树种植者，可利用苹果节了解一下情况。)”可知，作者是要介绍苹果节，故选B项。2.(2013年全国课标卷29)Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my fam
9、ilys last vacation for example.The flight was overbooked,and Delta,the airline,offered us 400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day Ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing(揭露)the worst tricks I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your mone
10、ys worth.Im also tightfisted when it comes to shoes,clothes for my children,and expensive restaurants.提出论点总结But I wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer,and its the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.What does
11、the author want to tell us?A.How to expose bad tricks.B.How to reserve airline seats.C.How to spend money wisely.D.How to make a business deal.C 文体推断法。本文夹叙夹议，能体现其写作目的的应是其论点或发表议论的句子，常在文章首尾。第一段前两句“为了省钱，有些人几乎什么都做，我就是其中一个。”是作者提出论点，然后用自己的经历来证明；最后一段第一句“我告诉你这些，是因为让钱花得物有所值不是丑事。”为总结句。据此可知，作者是在试图向我们说明“如何明智地花钱
12、”，故选C项。“如何揭露骗局”“如何预订机票”“如何谈成生意”显然不符。3.(2012年全国大纲卷44)Cold weather can be hard on pets,just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所)as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time,thinking that all
13、 animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad If left alone outside,dogs and cats can bevery smart in their search for warm shelt
14、erKeep an eye on your pets water.Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozenWhat is the purpose of this text?A.To solve a problem.B.To give practical advice.C.To tell an interesting story.D.To present a research result.B 文体推断法。由第一段末句“There are things you can do to keep your animal war
15、m and safe”及以下两段内容可知，这是一篇说明文，作者的写作意图是给读者一些饲养宠物的实用性建议。故选B项。此类题目要求考生理解作者写作某个段落或部分的目的。提问方式有：What is the purpose of the last part of the text?(2018年全国卷)What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?(2019全国卷)Why does the author mention in the first paragraph?(2016年全国卷)作者的意图：段落写作目的 写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这
16、类题多用主旨推断法。即用略读法，读首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。典型例题2018年全国卷23 Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science,math and technology.Today Pacific Science Center serves more
17、than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecen
18、ter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.体现该段主旨写作目的是希望得到各界人士和组织的捐助关键词What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A.To encourage donations.B.To advertise coming events.C.To introduce special exhibits.D.To tell about the Centers history.点拨：可用主旨推断法。标题Support Pacific Scie
19、nce Center最能体现该段主旨，又由最后一段最后两句可知，该部分的写作目的是希望得到各界人士和组织的捐助，support是关键词，故选A项。对点练习 1.(2016年全国卷28)As a third generation native of Brownsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never pleased move away Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.Today all three generations regard the move to a s
20、uccess No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit freque
21、ntly instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowing your adult child is struggling,but giving up the life you know may be harder.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own.B.Ask their children to p
22、ay more visits to them.C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.D.Get to know themselves better.主题句A 主旨推断法。最后一段首句“Moving is not for everyone.(搬到孩子那里一起生活并不适合所有的老年人。)”是该段主题句；又由第二句but后“sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead(然而不和孩子住在一起，而是经常去探访他们，更明智)”，以及最后一句的but后“giving up the lif
23、e you know may be harder(放弃本来已习惯的生活可能更难)”可知，在做这类决定之前，要谨慎考虑，以保证自身最大的利益，故选A项（做出最符合他们自己的利益的决定。）。2.(2016全国卷29)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now the website BookC turns the page on the traditional ide
24、a of a book group.引出下文 Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number Bruce Pederson,the managing director of Book Crossing,says People who find a book can also leave a journal entry BookCrossing is part of a trend among
25、people Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.B 主旨推断法。由题干中的in the first paragraph定位到第一段。前三句说，阅读可成为一种社会性活动，想想那些参加读书小组的人，挑选一些书去读，然后又聚在一起谈论这些书
26、。然后作者用一个Now使话锋一转，BookCrossing这个网站给传统的读书小组翻开了新的一页(主题句)。接下来的四段均是介绍该网站。由此推断，作者提到读书小组的目的是引出这个网站，故选B项(介绍Book Grossing这个网站)。3.(2019年全国卷26)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role In Save Money:Good Food,she vis
27、its a different home each week The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the
28、previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.C 第四段只有一句话，主干是“Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health(Save Money:Good Food是效仿英国独立电视台的Save Money:Good Health的)”，因此，这段是为Save Money:Go
29、od Food这个节目提供背景信息的，故选C项。4.(广东卷)“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves
30、,”he said.Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity.Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to .A.test the readers knowledge about wavesB.draw the readers attention to the topicC.show Jamie Taylors
31、importanceD.invite the readers to answer themB 本文运用两个疑问句，其目的是让读者关注主题，故选B项。顺便提提，作者简介相关事物是为了引出主题，列举事例、引语或数据是为了说明或论证某个观点或说明某个主题。此类题目考查的是作者对某事物或某问题的看法。题干中常有think of或opinion等，具体提问方式有：What does the author think of?(2019全国卷)What is the authors opinion on?(2012年全国课标卷)作者的观点态度必定会在字里行间流露出来，因此，由相关句段里的表达情感状况的形容词
32、或动词往往能把握作者的观点态度，因此主要用关键词推断法。作者的观点典型例题2019年全国卷32 We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environmentand our wallets
33、as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.点拨：由第一段最后一句，“过时的装置比更新的装置消耗多得多的能源”，
34、也就是说，新装置耗能少得多，即有利于环保，故选A项。对点练习 1.(2015年全国卷24)The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine.”Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets filled the weekend,b
35、ut the best partparticularly to my taste,dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetableswas a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.关键词 The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents Disappointed,Ive refused to buy winter tom
36、atoes for yearsI realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepenedWhat did the author think of her winter life in New York?A.Exciting.
37、B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.B 关键词推断法。由第一句The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place及第四句中dulled by可推断，作者认为她自己在纽约的冬天生活是“乏味的”，not fun,dulled是关键词，故选B项。文中的Northeast是指作者居住的纽约，第三段中的back home in New York也可印证这一点。2.(2019全国卷24)Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C.Blueberri
38、es are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious.Who cares?However,they are rich in vitamin C.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein.B.They are hig
39、h in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste.D.They are rich in antioxidants.同义C 关键词推断法。由题干中的cherries定位到第二段最后一句。由“As for cherries,they are so delicious.Who cares?(至于樱桃，是非常美味的，谁在乎呢？)”可知，选C项。该项They have a pleasant taste与文中they are so delicious同义。文中关键词是delicious。3.(2018年全国卷27)I work with Volunteers for
40、Wildlife Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent The homeow
41、ner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.关键词How would the author f
42、eel about the outcome of the event?A.Its unexpected.B.Its beautiful.C.Its humorous.D.Its discouraging.B 由最后两段可知，雏鸟得到了其父母的照管，达到了作者的预期，结果是完美的，因此，作者也应感到非常满意，故选B项，与首段末句中的beautiful相呼应。其中healthy and active,greatest sight为关键词。4.(2012年全国课标卷71)The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examina
43、tion,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessa
44、ry for ones future development.关键词作者认为突击学习的作用很有限 What is the authors opinion on cramming?A.It leads to failure in college exams.B.Its helpful only in a limited way.C.Its possible to result in poor memory.D.It increases students learning interest.B 关键词推断法。由最后一段的首句“cramming(突击学习)is not a satisfactory
45、way to learn a college course.”和第二句的“By cramming but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知，作者认为突击学习的作用很有限，notsatisfactory,forget是关键词，故选B项。5.(2019年全国卷35)but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environmen
46、tand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.So whats the solution(解决方案)?They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.表明观点调研结果What does the te
47、xt suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.A 文体推断法。这是调研发现类说明文，作者对调研结果的看法常在调研结果之后。第一段a new study shows之后为调研结果“我们在继续使用过时的装置”，接着作者表明观点“这对环境来说是个坏消息”“过时的装置比更新的装置消耗多得多的能源”，可见作者的观点或该文的建议是：人们不要再用旧电器了。故选A项。作者的态度 此类题目考查作者对某事物是持赞成、赞扬或支持的态
48、度，还是怀疑、批评或反对的态度；是持乐观、幽默、热情、羡慕或关切的态度，还是持厌恶、担忧、悲观、失望、沮丧或容忍的态度，或是持中立的态度。题干中常含attitude，具体提问方式有：What is the authors attitude towards?(2018年全国卷)解答这类题也主要是用关键词推断法。典型例题2018年全国卷31 After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park Gray wolves once were seen here and there
49、in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park The government sp
50、entToday,the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to othe
