1、宁波大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷) (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码： 661总分值： 150科目名称：基础英语I. Vocabulary (30 points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter. Please write your
2、 answers on the Answer Sheet.(120 points).1. Theintellectisalwaysheldinabeyanceby thespiritofreasonableness,andstill more by thewritersartisticsensibility.A. suspension B. approval C. continuation D. antidote 2. She smiled thecreduloussmile of ignorant innocence and pulled the gate open.A. sophistic
3、ated B. naive C. deceiving D. guilty3. Wecantracetherudimentaryrootsofallourvaluesandlimitsbackinourchildhoodanecdotes.A. salient B. deep C. fundamental D. far-fetched 4. Alexanderenvisionedacosmopolitancultureinhisnewempire.A. local B. endemic C. provincial D. universal 5. Perhapsthefirstthinganycy
4、nicwillnoteaboutthesepledgesisthattheyaredevoidofanyself-sacrifice.A. realist B. faultfinder C. optimist D. pessimist 6. Whenthewindsblewthroughtheholes,therocksemittedaneeriekeeningsound,likeadirgeoflostsouls.A. elegy B. song C. eulogy D. tribute 7. Iamblessedwithabuoyanttemperamentandenjoythepleas
5、uresofthisearth.A. lighthearted B. depressed C. disheartened D. glad 8. Hesawthehideous,obscureshaperiseslowlytothesurface. A. beautiful B. unclear C. repulsive D. ambiguous 9. Jimlikestogloatoverallthesportsprizeshehasown,whichhekeepsinaglasscase.A. revel B. lament C. survey D. scan 10. Itwouldbeun
6、wisetopretendthatitdoesnothappenanddishonesttodisavowitinanycircumstances. A. claim B. renounce C. confess D. plead11. Hisrubicundfaceexpressedconsternationandfatigue. A. rough B. robust C. ruddy D. dark12. Goinghigher-endalsomeansMicrosoftwoulddodgeapotentialthreat toAmazonandGoogle.A. duck B. form
7、 C. propose D. profile 13 . Laughteristhetonic,therelief,thesurceaseforpain.A . exhaustion B. regulator C. monitor D. refresher 14. WhenmyplaywaswiththeeIneverquestionedwhothouwert.Iknewnorshynessnorfear,mylifewasboisterousA. controllable B. disorderly C. wild D. unruly 15. Hehadplentyoffeedbackandp
8、lentyoftimetomitigatethisissue,buthecanbestubborn. A . alleviate B. shorten C. increase D. revise 16. Theeggsarepackedincartonslinedwithshockproofcorrugated paperboard. A. smooth B. horizontal C. silky D. ribbed17. IntheEasthesucceededinestablishingByzantinehegemonyoverthecrusadingstates.A. overthro
9、w B. conquest C. supremacy D. subjugation 18. Artisthestoredhoneyofthehumansoul,gatheredonwingsofmiseryandtravail.A. labour B. journey C. pilgrimage D. wretchedness 19. Hewhowillnotreason,isabigot;hewhocannotisafool;andhewhodaresnotisaslave.A. cynic B. pessimist C. dogmatist D . fascist 20. Outofthe
10、cornerofmyeyeIsawablurofmovementontheothersideoftheglassA. clarity B. haziness C. shape D. transparency Section B There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences. You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those senten
11、ces (110 points).For example: Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with great eloquenceAnswer: quick and witty tongue.1. Whilehisintentionsaretosavelivedandpreventinjuries,thismangerisperceivedasvindictive,uncaringandself-serving. 2. ItisnottoshameyouthatIwritethesethingsbuttoadmonishyouasmybelov
12、edchildren.3. Allthepeopleinthepartyweredisgustedwithhisbawdyjokes. 4. HisaestheticandideologyhaveseepedintotheveryfabricofAmericantheater.5. ThismagnifiesUSculturaladvantagesbecausethemarketintowhich artistsfromothercountriesmustsellisoftenabysmal. 6. ViolentstormswreakedhavocontheFrenchRiviera,lea
13、vingthree peopledeadanddozensinjured. 7. Iseemedtodiscernsomesignsofemotionuponthebutlerswhiteface. 8. Criticsoftheschemetakealessbenignview. 9. Thecruxofthematterisnotshortageoftime,butshortageofwork. 10. HespeaksmanylanguagesincludingArabic,sohewasassignedtodangerouscovertoperations. II. Cloze (20
14、 points)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically, syntactically and textually. The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you
15、think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. （1x20 points） Shakespeares sonnets are very different from Shakespeares plays, but they do contain _1_elements and an overall sense of story. Each of the poems_2_with a highl
16、y personal theme, and each can be _3_ on its own or in relation to the poems around it. The sonnets have the feel of _4_ poems, but we dont know whether they deal with real events or not, because no one knows _5_ about Shakespeares life to say whether or not they deal with real events and feelings,
17、so we tend to refer to the voice of the sonnets as “the speaker”as _6_ he were a dramatic creation like Hamlet or King Lear. There are certainly a number of intriguing _7_ throughout the poems. The first 126 of the sonnets seem to be _8_ to an unnamed young nobleman, whom the speaker loves very much
18、; the rest of the poems (except for the last two, which seem generally unconnected to the _9_ of the sequence) seem to be addressed to a mysterious _10_ , whom the speaker loves, hates, and lusts for simultaneously. The two addressees of the sonnets are usually_11_ to as the “young man” and the “dar
19、k lady”; in summaries of individual poems, I have also called the young man the “beloved” and the dark lady the “lover,” especially in cases where their _12_ can only be surmised. Within the two mini-sequences, there are a _13_ of other discernible elements of “plot”: the speaker _ 14_ the young man
20、 to have children; he is forced to _15_ a separation from him; he competes with a_16_ poet for the young mans patronage and affection. At two points in the sequence, it seems that the young man and the_17_lady are actually lovers themselvesa state of affairs with which the speaker is none too _18_ .
21、 But while these continuities give the poems a narrative flow and a helpful frame of reference, they have been frustratingly_19_ for scholars and biographers to pin _20_ . In Shakespeares life, who were the young man and the dark lady?III. Error Detection and Correction (20 points)Directions: There
22、are twenty errors in the following passage. You should detect and correct all the errors. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Prose by its very nature is longer than verse, and the virtues 1 peculiar with it manifest themselves gradually. If the cardinal 2 virtue of poetry is love, the ca
23、rdinal virtue of prose is just;3 and, whereas love makes you act and speak in the spur of the 4 moment, justice needs inquiry, patient and a control even 5 of the noblest passions. To justice, here I do not mean justice 6 of ideas, but a habit of justice in all processes of thought, the style 7 only
24、 to particular people tranquillized and a form moulded to 8 that habit. The master of prose is not cold, and he will not let 9 any word or image inflame him with a heat irrelevant with his10 reject all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own 11 beauty out of the purpose. Unhasting, unres
25、ting, he pursues them, 12 subduing all the riches of his mind on it, very accomplishment of it.13 out of the whole work and its proportions, so as you must read14 to the end before you know that it is beauty. But he has his reward, 15 for his is trusted and convinces, as those that are at the mercy
26、of their16 own eloquence do not; and he gives a pleasure all the greater for be 17 hardly noticed. In the best prose, whether narrative and argument, 18 we are so led on as we read, that we do not stop to applauding the19 writer, or do we stop to question him. 20 IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points
27、)Directions: There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions. Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false. Section C requires you to
28、 read and then write a summary of it. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A. (10 points) Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand yearsand why in the following
29、 two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own timesare questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects wi
30、th which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era
31、one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidentsto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonpla
32、ce, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiri
33、es. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance ofdeductionby steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and t
34、he ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, c
35、arelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observationthese are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what
36、means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclus
37、ive attention to the latterproves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are factsa particular class of facts indeed, generallycomplex, and if a logic
38、al connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition o
39、f simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.
40、1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage isA. Philosophy of mathematics.B. The Recent Growth in Science.C. The Verification of Facts.D. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and
41、in modern times isA. the similarity between the two periods.B. that it was an act of God.C. that both tried to develop the inductive method.D. due to the decline of the deductive method.3. The difference between “fact” and “theory”A. is that the latter needs confirmation.B. rests on the simplicity o
42、f the former.C. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.D. helps us to understand the deductive method.4. According to the author, mathematics isA. an inductive science.B. in need of simple verification.C. a deductive science.D. based on fact and theory.5. The statemen
43、t “Theories are facts” may be called.A. a metaphor.B. a paradox.C. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.D. a pun. Section B. (10 points) What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or m
44、athematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her
45、child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mothers blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we cannot see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no
