1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking Lead in Get vaccinated Self-isolationMask up We stick together to fight against Covid-19.An epidemic just like coronavirus hit Europe in the early 19th century,do you know what it is?Cholera infection begins in the stomach.Approximately 1 in 10 peop
2、le who get sick with cholera will develop severe symptoms such as watery diarrhea(腹泻腹泻),vomiting(呕呕吐吐),and leg cramps(腿痛性痉挛腿痛性痉挛).CholeraDeath of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic Previous cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32 Pre-readingJohn Snow Defeats“King Cholera”W
3、ho?How?What?1.Who was John Snow?2.What is King Cholera?3.How did John Snow defeat King Cholera?Skim the title of the passage.Skim the passage to know more.While-reading Read&LocateParagraphsMain idea1What?Who?2-3How?4The truth5Results and significanceJohn Snow want to use his knowledge to solve cole
4、ra.2.He needed to prove the second theory was correct.3.John began his study by marking on the map&the process.He finally found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera.John Snow made great contributions to modern epidemiology.analyze the results ask a question collect data think of a method fi
5、nd a problem find supporting evidence draw a conclusion5274163 Read for detailsIn general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
6、Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.Consequently,when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determ
7、ined to find out why.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38 and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had
8、 no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer,and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad
9、Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
10、Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.think of a method collect dataanalyze the resultsfind supporting evidencedraw a conclusion John Snows cholera mapCholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be ove
11、rcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time,he rose to become
12、a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.CholeraJohn SnowAIt was believed thatcholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.BSnow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.CMany deaths occurred near t
13、he _ in Broad Street.Some people _drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.airfood or watermarked on a mapdiedwater pumphadntdrinking water from the pumpDThe pump water carried _.EThe _ of the pump was removed.Match the following headers
14、 with the letters from the chart above.Write AE in the blanks.1.conclusion _ 2.evidence _ 3.process _4.solution _ 5.theories _cholera germshandleDCBEAThe truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of
15、cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than people who drank pure or boiled water.Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to s
16、ell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use o
17、f maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.Write out the questions according to the answers?1.Q:_?A:Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.2.Q:_ _?A:Snow had the handle from the
18、 pump removed so that it could not be used.3.Q:_?A:The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.How did Snow think cholera was causedWhy did Snow have the handle of the pump removedHow was the cholera threat defeated1.What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?Wh
19、at common medical tools,e.g.a microscope,didnt he use?Why?He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred.He didnt use a microscope,for example.He didnt test the water,nor did he draw blood or examine patients.The reason he did not use medical equipment Post-reading2.How has John Sn
20、ows work affected our daily lives?such as a microscope was because they did not exist during his time.Further,understanding of germs and bacteria was still developing,and so he had to innovate methods himself based on the theory he believed.Snows work has provided readily available clean water to dr
21、ink,for example,as well as an emphasis on hygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty.He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics,and transformed the way sicientists study diseases,which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.3.What qualities and scientific spirits do they have in common?
